Source apportionment of heavy metals in soils around a coal gangue heap with the APCS-MLR and PMF receptor models in Chongqing,southwest China

This study studied the characteristics and source apportionment of heavy metal pollution in the agricultural soil surrounding a gangue coal heap in Chongqing,China by using absolute principal component scores-multiple linear regression(APCSMLR)model and positive matrix factorization(PMF)model.The applicability of the models was compared in the assessment of source apportionment.The results showed that the average contents of Cd,Hg,As,Pb,Cr,Cu,Ni,and Zn in the surface soil were 0.46,0.14,9.66,31.2,127,95.6,76.0,and 158 mg/kg,respectively.Combined with the spatial distribution and correlation analyses,the results of source apportionment were consistent for both the APCSMLR and PMF models.Cd,Hg,As,and Pb were mainly affected by the gangue heap accumulation,with respective contributions of 74.6%,79.4%,69.1%,and 67.2%based on the APCS-MLR model and respective contributions of 69.7%,60.7%,57.4%,and 41.9%based on the PMF model.Ni and Zn were mainly affected by industrial and agricultural activities,while Cr and Cu were mainly affected by natural factors.The results of the source apportionment were approximately consistent between the APCS-MLR and PMF models.The combined application of the two receptor models can make the results of source apportionment more comprehensive,accurate,and reliable.

HeapAFL:基于堆操作行为引导的灰盒模糊测试

随着软件开发环境和业务逻辑的复杂度不断增加,大量的堆内存对象生命周期及其引用关系造成堆内存操作行为错综复杂,极易引发程序错误造成漏洞.模糊测试作为高效的软件代码错误检测技术,常用于漏洞挖掘.然而,目前最先进的模糊测试工具专注于代码全覆盖功能测试,忽略了执行时堆内存操作状态信息,从而错过堆内存漏洞发现机会.针对上述问题,提出了一种基于堆操作行为引导的灰盒模糊测试方法HeapAFL,在不依赖漏洞先验知识的情况下,其通过静态分析插桩基础堆操作函数及其参数监测执行时控制流和数据流变化,反馈堆操作行为信息,指导模糊测试中种子优先变异阶段,探索多样化堆操作行为从而更高概率触发堆内存错误类漏洞.在6个真实应用程序上验证方法效果,并与6个最先进的模糊测试工具进行比较,实验中的CPU总共测试了4032 h.实验结果表明,HeapAFL在漏洞挖掘效果和崩溃发现效率上优于对比工作.在漏洞挖掘数量上,HeapAFL相比于基准模糊测试方法AFL,AFLFast,PathAFL,TortoiseFuzz,Angora,Memlock分别提升了1.32倍,1.39倍,1.92倍,1.56倍,2.78倍,2.08倍.最终,HeapAFL在数据集上挖掘到了25个堆内存错误类漏洞,其中包括19个已知的漏洞(即1 day)和6个未知的漏洞(即0 day),并报告给CVE(common vulnerabilities and exposures)官方漏洞库后已经获得了2个CVE漏洞编号,其余漏洞正在等待审核.

开展HEAP,加强医院文化建设

随着医院改革创新工作实践的发展,医院文化对医院发展的作用越来越重要。医院员工援助计划(HEAP)是贯彻“以人为本”的思想,加强医院文化建设的有效途径。本文阐述了员工援助计划(EAP)的起源、发展、功能和医院文化的概念,指出开展HEAP是提高员工绩效、提高组织管理水平和加强医院文化建设的有效途径。

幂律思考系列文章4——论Heaps律与Zipf律等价的条件

在词频服从拟幂律分布并满足致密性的条件下,证明了Zipf律和Heaps律相互等价,并且讨论了词频序号为2时的临界行为。

Heaps定律鲁棒性在文本中统计验证与分析

Heaps定律无疑是揭示人类文献内在规律的有力武器。本文运用R语言和SPSS程序。通过对"20世纪百大英文小说"——读者票选名单中的16个文本进行统计分析以验证Heaps定律鲁棒性。

HEAP方案治疗急性成人非淋巴细胞白血病20例疗效分析

我院1993年1月至1997年6月,应用HEAP[高三尖杉酯碱,足叶乙甙(etoposide,Vp-16),阿糖胞苷,泼尼松]方案治疗急性成人非淋巴细胞白血病(ANLL)20例,取得了较好疗效。现总结报道如下。 1 病例和方法 1.1 病例 1993年1月至1997年6月住院的ANLL20例。男性12例,女性8例,年龄19～58岁,中位数年龄38岁。其中M_(?)3例,M 2a6例,M_(4a)4例,M_(4b)2例,M_(5a)4例,M_(5b)1例。初治者13例,复治者7例。复治者中在院外应用过HOAP(O为长春新碱,VCR)、HA及DA(柔红霉素,阿糖胞苷)等方案治疗未获缓解。

Sulfide mineral dissolution microbes: Community structure and function in industrial bioleaching heaps

Heap bioleaching is one of the most clean and economical processes for recovery of low-grade and complex ores, because the sulfide minerals are natural habitats for acidophiles capable of iron-and sulfur-oxidation. The most exciting advances in heap bioleaching are occurring in the field of microbiology, especially with the development of advanced molecular biology approaches. These chemolithotrophic microorganisms living in the acid mine environment fix N_2 and CO_2 and obtain energy for growth from soluble ferrous iron and reduced inorganic sulfur compounds during oxidation of sulfide minerals. The ferric iron as oxidant and sulfuric acid are a result of microbial activity and provide favorable conditions for the dissolution of sulfide minerals. Various microbial consortia were applied successfully in commercial bioleaching heaps around the world, and microbial community and activity were adapted related to the local climatic conditions, ore characteristics and engineering configuration. This review focuses on diversity of bioleaching microbes, their role in heap bioleaching processes, their community structure and function in industrial heaps and the relation to the ore characteristics and the engineering configuration, to give implications for optimizing leaching efficiency of heap bioleaching.

Evaluation of spontaneous combustion tendency of sulfide ore heap based on nonlinear parameters

To explore a new evaluation method for spontaneous combustion tendency of different areas in sulfide ore heap, ore samples from a pyrite mine in China were taken as experimental materials, and the temperature variations of the measuring points of simulated ore heap were measured. Combined with wavelet transform and nonlinear parameters extraction, a new method for spontaneous combustion tendency of different areas in sulfide ore heap based on nonlinear parameters was proposed and its reliability was verified by field test. The results indicate that temperature field evolution of the simulated ore heap presents significant spatial difference during self-heating process. Area with the maximum increasing extent of temperature in sulfide ore heap changes notably with the proceeding of self-heating reaction. Self-heating of sulfide ore heap is a chaotic evolution process, which means that it is feasible to evaluate spontaneous combustion tendency of different areas by nonlinear analysis method. There is a relatively strong correlation between the maximum Lyapunov exponent and spontaneous combustion tendency with the correlation coefficient of 0.9792. Furthermore, the sort of the maximum Lyapunov exponent is consistent with that of spontaneous combustion tendency. Therefore, spontaneous combustion tendency of different areas in sulfide ore heap can be evaluated by means of the maximum Lyapunov exponent method.

Feasibility study on heap bioleaching of chalcopyrite

Bioleaching of chalcopyrite often encountered the formation of passivation layer, which inhibited the leaching process and resulted in a low leaching rate. This inhibitory effect can be eliminated by thermophilic biole- aching. The industrial test of BioCOP technology based on thermophiles was successfully completed, which confirmed the feasibility of chalcopyrite bioleaching. However, industrial leaching rate of chalcopyrite heap bioleaching is lower. This paper described the development status and industrial test of chalcopyrite heap bioleaching technology. The reasons for the lower efficiency of chalcopyrite heap bioleaching were analyzed. The strategies for successful chalcopyrite heap bioleaching were proposed.

Simulation of coupled flowing-reaction-deformation with mass transfer in heap leaching processes

Governing equations for a fully coupled flowing-reaction-deformation behavior with mass transfer in heap leaching are developed. The model equations are solved using an explicit finite difference method under the conditions of invariable application rate and constant hydraulic head. The distribution of the degree of the saturation, as well as the distributions of the concentration of the reagent and the solute is given. A cubic relationship between the mineral recovery and the leaching duration is obtained based on the numerical results. The relationship can be used to predict the recovery percentage of the valuable metal.

Heap Spray攻击的防范

本文介绍了Heap spray攻击的原理、特点以及防范方法。

Field load testing of copper extraction aeration pipes under simulated high heap pile

Recently a research team at Ohio University,USA,conducted a unique full-scale feld load test to simulate the aeration pipe installations at a copper extraction mine operated in Chile.The overliner material taken from the mine was used in recreating the in situ conditions.Electric heaters were utilized to raise the temperature inside each pipe to simulate the essential element of the copper extraction process.The maximum vertical deflection reached by the test pipes was close to 20%,when the simulated heap pile height was 80 m.The plastic pipes and the overliner material were also tested in the laboratory.Based on the results,the maximum heap pile fll depth was recommended for the aeration system.The results indicated that the vertical deflection was the primary performance index for the aeration pipes installed in heap piles at mines.Lastly,the pipe made of polypropylene resin was super.

Analysis of coupled flow-reaction with heat transfer in heap bioleaching processes

A mathematical model for heap bioleaching is developed to analyze heat transfer, oxygen flow, target ion distribution and oxidation leaching rate in the heap. The model equations are solved with Comsol Multiphysics software. Numerical simulation results show the following facts： Concentration of oxygen is relatively high along the boundary of the slope, and low in the center part where leaching rate is slow. Temper- ature is relatively low along the slope and reaches the highest along the bottom region near the slope, with difference being more than 6℃. Concentration of target mental ions is the highest in the bottom region near the slope. Oxidation leaching rate is relatively large in the bottom and slope part with a fast reaction rate, and small in the other part with low oxygen concentration.

Toric Heaps, Cyclic Reducibility, and Conjugacy in Coxeter Groups

In 1986, G.X. Viennot introduced the theory of heaps of pieces as a visualization of Cartier and Foata’s “partially commutative monoids”. These are essentially labeled posets satisfying a few additional properties, and one natural setting where they arise is as models of reduced words in Coxeter groups. In this paper, we introduce a cyclic version of a heap, which loosely speaking, can be thought of as taking a heap and wrapping it into a cylinder. We call this object a toric heap, because we formalize it as a labeled toric poset, which is a cyclic version of an ordinary poset. Defining the category of toric heaps leads to the notion of certain morphisms such as toric extensions. We study toric heaps in Coxeter theory, because a cyclic shift of a reduced word is simply a conjugate by an initial or terminal generator. As such, we formalize and study a framework that we call cyclic reducibility in Coxeter theory, which is closely related to conjugacy. We introduce what it means for elements to be torically reduced, which is a stronger condition than simply being cyclically reduced. Along the way, we encounter a new class of elements that we call torically fully commutative (TFC), which are those that have a unique cyclic commutativity class, and comprise a strictly bigger class than the cyclically fully commutative (CFC) elements. We prove several cyclic analogues of results on fully commutative (FC) elements due to Stembridge. We conclude with how this framework fits into recent work in Coxeter groups, and we correct a minor flaw in a few recently published theorems.

HEAPSORT算法评价

本文论述 HEAPSORT算法的有效性及其实现的技巧.

Heap Sorting Based on Array Sorting

A kind of heap sorting method based on array sorting was proposed. Some advantages and disadvantages of it were discussed. It was compared with the traditional method of direct application. In the method, the ordered keywords in the array are put into the heap one by one after building an empty heap. This method needs relatively less space and is fit for ordered sequence.

Pretreatment of copper-bearing refractory gold ores by bio-heap leaching

The refractory gold ores associated with rich copper and trapped in pyrite and quartz were studied. With conventional technique （all-sliming cyanidation）, the gold recovery rate is only 51.78%. To eliminate the negative effects of copper and pyrite on cyanidation and increase the gold recovery rate, the investigation on bio-heap leaching pretreatment was made, by which Cu would be dissolved and gold would be liberated from pyrite. The experiment adopted mixed bacteria, mainly ThiobaciUus ferrooxidan （named T.fl ）, as the bacterial catalyst for bio-preconditioning and was carried out in a PVC column with a diameter of 20 cm and a height of 1.3 m loaded with gold ores. The temperature was controlled between 28 and 30℃, the pH value was kept between 2.0-2.5, and the flux of sprinkling bacterial liquid was maintained 0.80 L/h. After 45-day＇s bio-oxidization, among the samples sizing from 0 to 5 mm, the oxidation rates of Cu, Fe and S were respectively 44.62%, 28.16% and 25.46%, and the gold recovery rate by cyaniding increased to 80.35%. The bio-heap leaching pretreatment can therefore effectively dissolve Cu and liberate gold from pyrite and lead to the increase of gold extraction.

Research on Effect of Heap Loading on Deformation and Mechanical Properties of Bridge Double Pile Foundation on Steep Slope

In order to analyze the deformation and stress characteristics of the pile foundation on the slope, this paper uses the finite element software Abaqus for numerical simulation. The displacement and stress data of pile under different working conditions (the combination of heap load and vertical load and horizontal load and inclined load) were collected;the distribution of pile displacement, axial force and bending moment were analyzed. Simulation results show that: slope top loading has little effect on vertical displacement; when the heap load exceeds 200 kPa, the horizontal displacement is greatly affected. Pile axial force decreases with pile burial depth;pile lateral resistance plays a more adequate role in the rock and soil layer. The bending moment of double pile foundation is positive at the top and negative at the bottom. Applied oblique load has obvious p-Δ effect.

Effective Methods of QR-Decompositions of Square Complex Matrices by Fast Discrete Signal-Induced Heap Transforms

The purpose of this work is to present an effective tool for computing different QR-decompositions of a complex nonsingular square matrix. The concept of the discrete signal-induced heap transform (DsiHT, Grigoryan 2006) is used. This transform is fast, has a unique algorithm for any length of the input vector/signal and can be used with different complex basic 2 × 2 transforms. The DsiHT is zeroing all components of the input signal while moving or heaping the energy of the signal to one component, for instance the first one. We describe three different types of QR-decompositions that use the basic transforms with the T, G, and M-type complex matrices we introduce, as well as without matrices but using analytical formulas. We also present the mixed QR-decomposition, when different type DsiHTs are used in different stages of the algorithm. The number of such decompositions is greater than 3(N-1), for an N × N complex matrix. Examples of the QR-decomposition are described in detail for the 4 × 4 and 6 × 6 complex matrices and compared with the known method of Householder transforms. The precision of the QR-decompositions of N × N matrices, when N are 6, 13, 17, 19, 21, 40, 64, 100, 128, 201, 256, and 400 is also compared. The MATLAB-based scripts of the codes for QR-decompositions by the described DsiHTs are given.

Mathematical model for coupled reactive flow and solute transport during heap bioleaching of copper sulfide

Based on the momentum and mass conservation equations,a comprehensive model of heap bioleaching process is developed to investigate the interaction between chemical reactions,solution flow,gas flow,and solute transport within the leaching system.The governing equations are solved numerically using the COMSOL Multiphysics software for the coupled reactive flow and solute transport at micro-scale,meso-scale and macro-scale levels.At or near the surface of ore particle,the acid concentration is relatively higher than that in the central area,while the concentration gradient decreases after 72 d of leaching.The flow simulation between ore particles by combining X-ray CT technology shows that the highest velocity in narrow pore reaches 0.375 m/s.The air velocity within the dump shows that the velocity near the top and side surface is relatively high,which leads to the high oxygen concentration in that area.The coupled heat transfer and liquid flow process shows that the solution can act as an effective remover from the heap,dropping the highest temperature from 60 to 38 °C.The reagent transfer coupled with solution flow is also analyzed.The results obtained allow us to obtain a better understanding of the fundamental physical phenomenon of the bioleaching process.