Coronary artery disease and heart failure:Late-breaking trials presented at American Heart Association scientific session 2023

The late-breaking science presented at the 2023 scientific session of the American Heart Association paves the way for future pragmatic trials and provides meaningful information to guide management strategies in coronary artery disease and heart failure(HF).The dapagliflozin in patient with acute myocardial infarction(DAPA-MI)trial showed that dapagliflozin use among patients with acute MI without a history of diabetes mellitus or chronic HF has better cardiometabolic outcomes compared with placebo,with no difference in cardiovascular outcomes.The MINT trial showed that in patients with acute MI and anemia(Hgb<10 g/dL),a liberal transfusion goal(Hgb≥10 g/dL)was not superior to a restrictive strategy(Hgb 7-8 g/dL)with respect to 30-day all-cause death and recurrent MI.The ORBITA-2 trial showed that among patients with stable angina and coronary stenoses causing ischemia on little or no antianginal therapy,percutaneous coronary intervention results in greater improvements in anginal frequency and exercise times compared with a sham procedure.The ARIES-HM3 trial showed that in patients with advanced HF who received a HeartMate 3 levitated left ventricular assist device and were anticoagulated with a vitamin K antagonist,placebo was noninferior to daily aspirin with respect to the composite endpoint of bleeding and thrombotic events at 1 year.The TEAMMATE trial showed that everolimus with low-dose tacrolimus is safe in children and young adults when given≥6 months after cardiac transplantation.Providing patients being treated for HF with reduced ejection fraction(HFrEF)with specific out-of-pocket(OOP)costs for multiple medication options at the time of the clinical encounter may reduce‘contingency planning’and increase the extent to which patients are taking the medications decided upon.The primary outcome,which was cost-informed decisionmaking,defined as the clinician or patient mentioning costs of HFrEF medication,occurred in 49%of encounters with the checklist only control group compared with 68%of encounters in the OOP cost group.

Effect of recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide on serum inflammatory factors, neuroendocrine hormones and cardiac function in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with heart failure

Objective:To investigate the effect of recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) on inflammatory factors, neuroendocrine hormones and cardiac function indexes in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with heart failure.Methods:A total of91 cases of acute myocardial infarction with heart failure patients were divided into the control group (n=44) and observation group (n=47) according to the random data table, two groups of patients were given conventional treatment, based on this, the control group was given intravenous infusion of Nitroglycerin Injection treatment, the observation group received intravenous injection of recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide treatment, compared serum inflammatory factors, neuroendocrine hormone and cardiac function and other indexes of two groups before and after treatment.Results: there was no significant difference between the two groups before treatment. After treatment, the levels of TNF-α, hs-CRP, IL-6, MCP-1, LVESD and LVEDD in the two groups were significantly lower than those within the group before treatment, and the observation group was significantly lower than the control group;The two groups after treatment LVEF levels were significantly higher than those in the group before treatment, and the observation group was significantly higher than that of control group;the observation group after treatment PRA, Ang II and ALD and NE levels were significantly lower than those before treatment, and was significantly lower than the control group after treatment, the difference was significant, PRA, Ang, ALD and NE levels of control group before and after the treatment was no significant difference.Conclusion:recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction with heart failure can effectively reduce the serum inflammatory factors and neuroendocrine hormone levels, improve heart function, and have a certain clinical value.

Effects of rh BNP after PCI on non-invasive hemodynamic in acute myocardial infarction patients with left heart failure

Objective: To investigate the effects of exogenous recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide(rh BNP) after primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) on non-invasive hemodynamic in acute myocardial infarction patients with left ventricular failure. Methods: A number of 96 acute myocardial infarction patients accompanied with heart failure after PCI hospitalized in the People's Hospital of Sanya during February 2012 to October 2015 were selected. They were randomly divided into the therapy group(n = 50) and control group(n = 46). On the basis of routine treatment, patients in the therapy group were treated with intravenous rh BNP(1.5 μg/kg was intravenous injection with uniform speed of 3 min, followed by continuous infusion 0.007 5 μg/kg·min for 72 h), while the control group received conventional treatment. Bio Z-2011 non-invasive hemodynamic real-time monitoring system was used to monitor the hemodynamic parameters changes and the leves of plasma pro-BNP, serum creatinine, serum potassium, serum sodium and urine volume of each group before and after treating for 30 min, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h. Results: Patients in the therapy group showed no effect on heart rate, while after 30 min of intravenous injection of rh BNP, CO, CI, SV, and SI increased significantly and LVET and TFC reduced at the same time, which had certain effect on blood pressure(SBP/DBP). Compared with the control group, the therapy group showed a faster and more effective improvement on haemodynamics. Conclusions: Acute myocardial infarction patients complicated with left heart failure after primary PCI can significantly improve hemodynamics by treating with rh BNP.

Effect of perindopril on the myocardial energy consumption in patients with heart failure after myocardial infarction

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of perinodopril in the treatment of heart failure in patients after myocardial infarction and effect on the myocardial energy consumption. Methods:A total of 87 patients with heart failure after myocardial infarction who were admitted in our hospital from August, 2014 to October, 2015 were included in the study and divided into the routine dose group (n=43, perinodopril 4 mg/d) and high dose group (n=44, perinodopril 8 mg/d) according to the long-term oral dose. All the patients were given perinodopril, continuously for 6 months. The changes of blood pressure and serum biochemical indicators before and after treatment in the two groups were compared. The changes of cardiac function indicators and myocardial energy consumption indicators before and after treatment in the two groups were compared. 6MWT 6 months and 1 year after treatment in the two groups was calculated.Results: The plasma BNP and H-FABP levels, LVEDD, LVESD, MEE, and cESS after treatment in the two groups were significantly reduced when compared with before treatment, and those in the high dose group were significantly lower than those in the low dose group. LVEF and FS after treatment in the two groups were significantly increased, and those in the high dose group were significantly greater than those in the routine dose group. The seurm potassium level after treatment in the high dose group was significantly elevated when compared with before treatment, but was not significantly different from that in the routine dose group. SBP, DBP, and Scr levels after treatment in the two groups were not significantly changed. 6MWT 6 months and 1 year after treatment in the high dose group was significantly greater than that in the routine dose group.Conclusions: Perinodopril in a high dose can significantly reduce the plasma BNP and H-FABP levels in patients with heart failure after myocardial infarction, inhibit the ventricular remodeling, promote the recovery of systolic function, reduce the myocardial energy consumption, and will not affect the blood pressure, serum potassium, and renal function, with efficacy significantly superior to that in a low dose;moreover, it has a certain safety.

Correlation of human immunodeficiency virus and antiretroviral therapy with cardiac disorders

The occurrence of cardiovascular illness in the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)community is increasing,with a particular focus on coronary heart disease.Patients infected with HIV have a higher risk of myocardial infarction compared to the general population in modern countries due to the development of effective antiretroviral medications and increased life expectancy.Those not receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy(ART)may experience common cardiac consequences,including myocarditis,dilated cardiomyopathy,endocarditis,pulmonary hypertension,pericardial effusion,and cardiotoxicity associated with non-antiretroviral drugs.After the use of highly active ART,continuing immune activation and systemic inflammation seem to play a central role in this process.Recent studies suggest that protease inhibitors might negatively impact the progression of HIV-related heart failure(HF),which complicates the determination of the best therapy strategy for HIVassociated cardiomyopathy.The objective of this review is to examine the pathophysiology and correlation of various antiretroviral drugs leading to HIV-associated HF.Additionally,we explore the causes of HIV-associated atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease,including the high frequency of classic cardiovascular risk factors in HIVinfected patients,as well as HIV-related factors like the use of ART and chronic inflammation despite successful treatment of HIV infection.Numerous studies have revealed that individuals living with HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome frequently experience HF.In conclusion,despite advancements in HIV care,HIV-infected individuals continue to face an increased risk of HIV-associated cardiomyopathy and atherosclerosis.Further research is necessary to comprehend the underlying causes and develop effective treatments for cardiovascular disease in this population.We also discuss the currently available therapeutic options and ongoing research to mitigate the risk of cardiovascular disease and inflammation in HIV-infected individuals.

Beta-glucan protects against isoproterenol-induced cardiac remodeling by regulating the ACE-AT1R axis and attenuates cardiac inflammation and apoptosis

Objective:To investigate the cardioprotective effect of beta-glucan against isoproterenol-induced cardiotoxicity in rats,and elucidate the underlying mechanism.Methods:Rats were orally pretreated with beta-glucan(40 mg/kg body weight)for 30 d,and isoproterenol(20 mg/100 g body weight)was administered on days 31 and 32.The effects of beta-glucan on markers of cardiac injury,hemodynamic changes,production of proinflammatory cytokines,and the corresponding mRNA expressions were evaluated.In addition,histological analysis was performed.Results:Pretreatment with beta-glucan prevented isoproterenol-induced cardiac injury by preserving the structural and functional integrity of the plasma membrane and attenuating the production of proinflammatory cytokines(NF-κB,TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β,and IFN-γ)in the heart.Moreover,beta-glucan significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of ACE,AT1R,TNF-α,IL-6,NF-κB,caspase-3,TLR-4,and Bax,and upregulated Bcl-2 in the heart.At the same time,pretreatment with beta-glucan alleviated myocardial damage as reflected in a reduction in myonecrosis,edema,and erythrocyte extravasation with almost imperceptible inflammation.Conclusions:Beta-glucan can protect against isoproterenol-induced cardiotoxicity by attenuating cardiac inflammation and apoptosis and regulating the ACE-AT1R axis,thereby preventing cardiac remodeling.

Dapagliflozin in heart failure and type 2 diabetes:Efficacy,cardiac and renal effects,safety

BACKGROUND Heart failure(HF),especially HF with reduced ejection fraction(HFrEF),presents complex challenges,particularly in the aging population where it often coexists with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).AIM To analyze the effect of dapagliflozin treatment on cardiac,renal function,and safety in patients with HFrEF combined with T2DM.METHODS Patients with T2DM complicated with HFrEF who underwent treatment in our hospital from February 2018 to March 2023 were retrospectively analyzed as the subjects of this study.The propensity score matching method was used,and a total of 102 eligible samples were scaled.The clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated at the end of the treatment,comparing the results of blood glucose,insulin,cardiac function,markers of myocardial injury,renal function indexes,and 6-min walk test(6MWT)before and after the treatment.We compared the occurrence of adverse effects on the treatment process of the two groups of patients.The incidence of adverse outcomes in patients within six months of treatment was counted.RESULTS The overall clinical efficacy rate of patients in the study group was significantly higher than that of patients in the control group(P=0.013).After treatment,the pancreatic beta-cell function index,left ventricular ejection fraction,and glomerular filtration rate of patients in the study group were significantly higher than control group(P<0.001),while their fasting plasma glucose,2-h postprandial glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin,insulin resistance index,left ventricular end-systolic diameter,left ventricular end-diastolic diameter,cardiac troponin I,creatine kinase-MB,N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide,serum creatinine,and blood urea nitrogen were significantly lower than those of the control group.After treatment,patients in the study group had a significantly higher 6MWT than those in the control group(P<0.001).Hypoglycemic reaction(P=0.647),urinary tract infection(P=0.558),gastrointestinal adverse effect(P=0.307),respiratory disturbance(P=0.558),and angioedema(P=0.647)were not statistically different.There was no significant difference between the incidence of adverse outcomes between the two groups(P=0.250).CONCLUSION Dapagliflozin significantly enhances clinical efficacy,cardiac and renal function,and ambulatory capacity in patients with HFrEF and T2DM without an increased risk of adverse effects or outcomes.

藏红花素对心肌梗死后心力衰竭大鼠心功能和心肌纤维化的影响

目的探讨藏红花素对心肌梗死后心力衰竭(心衰)大鼠心功能和心肌纤维化的影响及可能机制。方法采用结扎左冠状动脉(冠脉)前降支的方法构建心肌梗死后心衰大鼠模型,取80只成模大鼠随机分为模型组、卡托普利(10 mg/kg)组和藏红花素低剂量组(20 mg/kg)、中剂量组(40 mg/kg)、高剂量组(80 mg/kg),每组各16只;另取16只大鼠设为假手术组。造模完成后,各组分别灌胃给药,1/d。4周后,通过超声影像检测心功能指标[左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室短轴缩短分数(LVFS)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)],ELISA法检测血清心肌肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)、脑钠肽(BNP)、醛固酮(ALD)含量,TTC染色法计算心肌梗死面积,计算左室心肌肥厚指数(LVHI),Masson染色观察心肌组织纤维化状况,ELISA法检测心肌组织白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量,Western blot法检测Toll样受体4(TLR4)、核因子-κB p65(NF-κB p65)、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、Ⅰ型胶原(Collagen-Ⅰ)、Collagen-Ⅲ蛋白表达。结果与模型组比较,卡托普利组和藏红花素中、高剂量组大鼠LVEF和LVFS明显升高,LVEDD和LVESD明显降低(P<0.05);血清cTnT、AngⅡ、BNP、ALD含量和心肌梗死面积、LVHI明显降低(P<0.05);心肌组织纤维化状况明显改善,胶原容积分数(CVF)明显降低(P<0.05);心肌组织IL-1β、IL-8、TNF-α含量和TLR4、NF-κB p65、TGF-β1、Collagen-Ⅰ、Collagen-Ⅲ表达量均明显降低(P<0.05)。藏红花素上述作用呈一定剂量依赖性。除LVHI、IL-8外,藏红花素高剂量组对其它指标的作用明显优于卡托普利组(P<0.05)。结论藏红花素具有抑制心肌梗死后心衰大鼠心肌纤维化、改善心功能的作用,可能与抑制TLR4/NF-κB信号通路,抑制炎症反应和细胞外基质生成有关。

芪苈强心胶囊对慢性心力衰竭的临床研究

目的观察芪苈强心胶囊治疗慢性心力衰竭患者的临床疗效。方法选择2021年10月—2022年10月在医院心血管内科住院治疗的120例慢性心力衰竭患者作为研究对象,按照不同治疗方法将患者平均分为常规治疗组和芪苈强心组,各组60例,常规治疗组患者予以西医常规治疗,芪苈强心组患者同时予以芪苈强心胶囊治疗。观察两组患者临床效果和不良反应,比较干预前后临床症状、心功能、血流动力学以及血管内皮功能变化。结果常规治疗组和芪苈强心组的总有效率分别为78.33%(47/60)、91.67%(55/60),芪苈强心组的总有效率相较于常规治疗组明显上升(P<0.05)。干预前,两组患者的中医证候积分水平无明显差异(P>0.05)。干预8周后,芪苈强心组患者的心悸、气短、乏力以及下肢水肿等证候积分水均明显下降(P<0.01)。干预8周后,芪苈强心组患者的左室射血分数(left ventricular e⁃jection fractions,LVEF)相较于常规治疗组明显升高,而左心室收缩末期内径(left ventricular end-systolic dimension,LVESD)和左心室舒张末期内径(left ventricular end-diastolic dimension,LVEDD)水平则明显降低(P<0.01);与常规治疗组比较,芪苈强心组患者的血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)和一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)水平明显升高,而血浆内皮素-1(endothelin-1,ET-1)水平则明显下降(P<0.01)。干预8周后,与常规治疗组比较,芪苈强心组患者的CI、SV和CO水平均明显升高(P<0.01);与常规治疗组比较,芪苈强心组患者的6 min步行试验(6MWT)水平明显升高,而明尼苏达生活质量评分(MLHFQ)评分水平则明显下降(P<0.01)。两组患者干预过程中生命体征平稳,主要不良反应有恶心呕吐、消化不良、眩晕乏力等,两组总不良反应发生率分别为8.33%(5/60)和11.67%(7/60),差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论芪苈强心胶囊联合西医常规治疗能够明显提高慢性心力衰竭患者的临床疗效,改善心功能和心力衰竭症状,调节血流动力学,保护血管内皮功能,且无不良反应增加,提高患者生活质量。

老年女性急性心肌梗死致心力衰竭的临床特征和危险因素

目的探讨老年女性急性心肌梗死后心力衰竭的临床特点、危险因素,为临床诊治提供参考。方法回顾性分析北京市顺义区医院心血管内科2021年1—12月收治的80例老年急性心肌梗死患者(>60岁)的临床资料,按照性别进行分组后,对比2组临床特点:年龄、就诊时间、心功能分级、心肌酶、B型钠尿肽(N terminal pro B type natriuretic peptide,NT-proBNP)、多支病变比例等,并对心肌梗死患者心力衰竭的相关危险因素进行分析。结果老年女性发病年龄、病程、心梗后心衰发生率,就诊时间高于老年男性(t=5.235、4.644、8.876、14.755,P<0.05),老年女性心功能分级、TnⅠ、NT-proBNP高于老年男性(t=2.330、16.361,P<20.05),老年女性多支病变比例高于老年男性(χ=6.573,P<0.05)。老年女性急性心肌梗死患者发生心力衰竭的主要危险因素为冠心病家族史、高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症(P<0.05)。结论老年女性急性心肌梗死患者发生心力衰竭的危险性高于老年男性,合并冠心病家族史、高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症的患者发生心力衰竭的风险明显增加。

强心利尿基础上联合诺欣妥治疗心肌梗死后心力衰竭的效果和安全性

目的探析强心利尿基础上联合诺欣妥治疗心肌梗死(MI)后心力衰竭(HF)的临床效果。方法纳入济南高新东区医院2022年6—12月经临床确诊的68例MI后HF患者,采用简单随机化方法将纳入患者分为两组,对照组34例给予强心利尿治疗,观察组34例在对照组基础上加施诺欣妥治疗,比较两组临床疗效、心功能指标、心肌损伤指标以及神经内分泌因子和不良反应发生率。结果观察组临床总有效率为94.12%,高于对照组的76.47%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组左室射血分数(LVEF)、心搏出量(CO)高于对照组,左室收缩末期内径(LVDs)、左室舒张末期内径(LVDd)低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTn-I)、肌红蛋白(Myo)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组N末端脑钠肽前体(NT-pro BNP)、血清肾素(RA)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组低血压、胃肠道反应、心律失常以及血管性水肿不良反应总发生率为5.88%,与对照组的8.82%比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在强心利尿基础上采用诺欣妥治疗MI后HF,整体效果较好,改善心功能指标、心肌损伤指标以及神经内分泌因子水平作用显著,不良反应较少,值得临床推广、应用。

重组人脑利钠肽联合双水平气道正压通气治疗重症AHF患者的疗效及对心功能、血流动力学及抗氧化指标的影响

目的 研究重组人脑利钠肽联合双水平气道正压通气治疗重症急性心力衰竭(AHF)患者的疗效及对心功能、血流动力学及抗氧化指标的影响。方法 对2020年6月至2022年6月上海市浦东新区人民医院收治的107例重症AHF患者的临床急救资料进行回顾性分析。根据急救方法不同将其分为对照组(n=51)和联合组(n=56)。所有患者均进行强心、利尿、抗感染等常规急救措施,对照组采用双水平气道正压通气,联合组采用双水平气道正压通气联合重组人脑利钠肽治疗。统计分析两组治疗前后的临床疗效、治疗前和治疗72 h后的心功能指标[左室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室收缩末期容积(LVESV)、N末端B型利尿钠肽原(NT-proBNP)]、血流动力学指标[心率、平均动脉压(MAP)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))、动脉血氧分压(PaO_(2))]、抗氧化指标[超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)]水平,并记录两组患者的撤机时间及24 h尿量。结果 联合组的临床总有效率为91.07%,明显高于对照组(78.43%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗72 h后,联合组患者LVEF为(55.13±4.45)%,显著高于对照组[(47.96±4.75)%],LVESV、NT-proBNP分别为(53.61±5.45) mL、(1 848.43±209.31) ng/L,均显著低于对照组[(69.14±5.37) mL、(2 731.35±221.57) ng/L],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗72 h后,联合组患者心率及MAP、PaCO_(2)水平分别为(86.75±10.52)次/min、(89.32±1.25) mmHg、(40.24±3.63) mmHg,均显著低于对照组[(98.18±8.65)次/min、(100.74±2.15) mmHg、(48.02±3.97) mmHg],PaO_(2)水平为(69.37±5.07)mmHg,高于对照组[(59.16±5.34) mmHg],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗72 h后,联合组患者SOD、CAT、GSH-Px水平分别为(558.16±54.35)μg/g、(281.07±45.69)μg/g、(55.34±4.14)U/L,均显著高于对照组[(479.67±55.14)μg/g、(229.81±45.62)μg/g、(41.05±4.91) U/L],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联合组患者撤机时间为(22.31±5.81) h,短于对照组[(29.05±6.63) h],24 h尿量为(1 628.85±138.92) mL,大于对照组[(1 337.95±110.59) mL],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 重组人脑利钠肽联合双水平气道正压通气用于重症AHF衰竭急救临床疗效显著,可有效改善患者心功能、血流动力学及抗氧化指标,对促进钠排泄和缩短撤机时间更为有利。

左西孟旦对高龄急性心肌梗死合并心力衰竭疾病的效果分析

目的研究左西孟旦在高龄急性心肌梗死合并心力衰竭患者治疗中的有效性和安全性。方法选取2020年1月—2023年1月无锡市第二人民医院心内科收治的42例高龄急性心肌梗死合并心力衰竭患者为研究对象,选用随机数表法将其分成对照组和观察组,每组21例。对照组给予常规治疗,观察组在常规治疗基础上给予左西孟旦治疗1次,持续24 h,比较两组临床疗效、生命体征、血清N末端脑钠肽前体(N-Terminal Brain Natriuretic Peptide,NT-proBNP)、超声心动图相关指标、低血压或快速性心律失常等不良反应的发生率、随访半年内主要心血管不良事件发生率。结果治疗前,对比两组患者的生命体征(心率、收缩压、舒张压、呼吸频率)、脑钠肽水平和心功能(左室射血分数、左室舒张末期内径、左室短轴缩短率),差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。治疗后,观察组治疗总有效率高于对照组,NT-proBNP低于对照组,心功能优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组的住院时间短于对照组,治疗费用少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。两组病死率、再住院率、心血管不良事件发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论左西孟旦在高龄急性心肌梗死合并心力衰竭患者中效果较好,能够迅速改善临床症状,降低脑钠肽水平,改善心功能,没有增加低血压、房颤、室速等不良反应,但对于远期预后没有改善,可缩短住院天数,减轻患者医疗负担。

血必净注射液联合沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠片治疗急性心肌梗死后心力衰竭患者的临床效果

目的 探讨血必净注射液联合沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠片治疗急性心肌梗死后心力衰竭患者的临床效果。方法 将76例急性心肌梗死后心力衰竭患者随机分为对照组和研究组各38例。两组患者入院均行经皮冠状动脉介入手术,同时对照组给予沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠片治疗,研究组给予血必净注射液联合沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠片治疗。比较两组患者的心功能指标及治疗期间的不良反应。结果 治疗12 d后,研究组左心室射血分数(LVEF)高于对照组,N端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)水平低于对照组(P <0.05)。治疗期间,两组患者不良反应发生率(10.53%vs. 13.16%)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 血必净注射液联合沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠片治疗可明显改善急性心肌梗死后心力衰竭患者的心功能,且安全性较高。

急性心肌梗死并发心力衰竭后心搏骤停患者的心脏康复护理

总结1例高龄急性心肌梗死并发急性心力衰竭后心搏骤停患者经心肺复苏后联合应用体外膜肺氧合(extracorporeal membrane oxygenation,ECMO)、主动脉内球囊反搏(intra-aortic balloon pump,IABP)治疗后行心脏康复的护理体会。护理要点:组建多学科管理团队,共同制订治疗康复计划;成立专属护理小组,制作专用护理交接单;严格容量管理,多角度评估容量平衡;阶段性心功能评定,实施个体化心脏康复。患者在多学科团队合作照护下,入院第12天撤除ECMO,第14天撤除IABP,第44天从ICU转出,第49天能下床活动,第75天步行出院。

血必净联合沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠片治疗急性心肌梗死后心力衰竭的效果

目的 探讨血必净注射液联合沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠片对急性心肌梗死后心力衰竭患者心功能及血管内皮功能的影响。方法 80例急性心肌梗死后心力衰竭患者随机分为两组。在常规治疗基础上,对照组给予沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠片治疗,观察组给予血必净联合沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠片治疗。比较两组的心功能和血管内皮功能。结果 治疗2周后,观察组的LVEF、 CO、 NO水平均显著高于对照组,ET水平显著低于对照组(P <0.05)。结论 血必净联合沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠片可明显改善急性心肌梗死后心力衰竭患者的心功能及血管内皮功能。

PICCO监护联合床旁即时超声对ICU老年急性心力衰竭患者血气、血流动力学指标的影响及临床效能分析

目的 探究脉搏轮廓温度稀释连续心排量测量(PICCO)监护联合床旁即时超声对重症监护室(ICU)老年急性心力衰竭患者血气、血流动力学指标的影响及临床效能。方法 选取2020年12月至2022年12月铜川市人民医院的150例老年急性心力衰竭患者为研究对象,按照采用的监测方式不同分为对照组和观察组,各75例。对照组常规应用PICCO监护,观察组在对照组的基础上额外应用床旁即时超声监测,两组均连续接受治疗72 h。比较两组治疗前后血清学指标、凝血情况、血气指标、血流动力学、心功能指标及临床效能情况。结果 治疗后,两组患者的血清钠尿肽(BNP)、肌钙蛋白I(TnI)、胱抑素C(CysC)、C反应蛋白(CRP)均显著改善,观察组患者BNP、TnI、CysC、CRP水平较对照组更低(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者的氧合指数、动脉氧分压(PaO_(2))、中心静脉血氧饱和度(ScVO_(2))均显著提升(P<0.05),两组中心静脉压(CVP)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但观察组患者的氧合指数、PaO_(2)、ScVO_(2)较对照组更高(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者的心脏指数(CI)、心排血量(CO)、每搏量(SV)均明显升高,全心舒张末期容积指数(GEDI)、全身血管阻力指数(SVRI)明显下降,且观察组CI、CO、SV高于对照组,GEDI、SVRI低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者的活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)缩短,D-二聚体(D-D)水平降低(P<0.05),且观察组缩短/降低程度更高(P<0.05)。观察组患者的ICU内心力衰竭复发率、机器通气时间、ICU住院时间、治疗方案更改率均优于低于对照组(P<0.05),两组30 d内病死率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 ICU老年急性心力衰竭患者应用床旁即时超声联合PICCO监护有较好的临床监测效能,能够更好地改善患者的血气、血流动力学和心功能指标,降低治疗方案的更改频率。

AMI合并HF患者血清cTnI、MYO、CK-MB与心力衰竭分级、心室重塑及预后关系

目的 分析急性心肌梗死(AMI)合并心力衰竭(HF)患者血清心肌钙蛋白(cTnI)、肌红蛋白(MYO)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)水平变化及与心力衰竭分级、心室重塑及预后关系。方法 前瞻性随机选取2022年3月—2023年12月淮南东方医院集团总医院71例AMI合并HF患者(AMI合并HF组)及同期46例单纯AMI患者(单纯AMI组),对比两组基线资料及血清cTnI、MYO、CK-MB水平差异,将AMI合并HF患者根据Killip心力衰竭分级评估法分为Ⅱ级10例、Ⅲ级42例、Ⅳ级19例,比较不同心力衰竭分级患者血清cTnI、MYO、CK-MB水平及心室重塑指标[左心室舒张末内径(LVEDD)、舒张末左心室后壁厚度(PWT)、舒张末期室间隔厚度(IVSD)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室质量分数(LVMI)];采用Pearson相关分析法探究血清cTnI、MYO、CKMB水平与心室重塑指标相关性;绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)探究血清cTnI、MYO、CK-MB对出院后1年内心血管终点事件预测价值。结果 AMI合并HF组与单纯AMI组基线资料比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);AMI合并HF组血清cTnI、MYO、CK-MB水平均较单纯AMI组明显升高(P<0.05);不同心力衰竭分级AMI合并HF患者血清cTnI、MYO、CK-MB水平及LVEDD、IVSD、LVEF、LVMI水平比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中cTnI、CK-MB、IVSD、LVMI均表现为Ⅳ级>Ⅲ级>Ⅱ级(P<0.05),MYO在Ⅳ级中较Ⅲ级、Ⅱ级明显升高(P<0.05),LVEDD在Ⅳ级、Ⅲ级中较Ⅱ级明显升高(P<0.05),LVEF表现为Ⅳ级<Ⅲ级<Ⅱ级(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示,血清cTnI、MYO、CK-MB均与LVEDD、IVSD、LVMI呈正相关(P<0.05),与LVEF呈负相关(P<0.05)。随访1年内,32例(45.07%)发生心血管终点事件,其中事件组血清cTnI、CK-MB水平明显高于非事件组(P<0.05)。血清cTnI、CK-MB水平预测心血管终点事件的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.848、0.886(P<0.05)。结论 AMI后HF患者血清cTnI、MYO、CK-MB水平明显升高,且与心功能、心室重塑相关,其中cTnI、CK-MB对心血管终点事件有一定预测价值。

早期肠内营养治疗对急性心肌梗死合并心衰患者效果及安全性分析

目的:分析急性心肌梗死(AMI)合并心力衰竭(HF)应用早期肠内营养(EN)的效果及安全性。方法:选取2020年1月—2022年10月收治的78例AMI合并HF患者,按随机数字表法分组,入组者均给予利尿剂扩血管、强心剂等基础治疗,对照组39例在此基础上给予常规饮食干预,研究组39例患者在对照组基础上联合早期EN,对比两组营养状况、心功能、并发症及炎性因子。结果:干预后ALB、Hb水平比较研究组高于对照组(P<0.05);干预后CO、LVEF及SV比较研究组高于对照组(P<0.05);干预后CRP、IGF-1、IL-6水平比较研究组低于对照组(P<0.05);干预后BNP水平比较研究组高于对照组(P<0.05);并发症发生率比较研究组5.12%低于对照组23.08%(P<0.05)。结论:AMI合并心衰应用早期EN,有利于改善患者营养状况,促进心功能改善,并减轻炎症损伤,有利于减少并发症。

心脏标志物在心血管疾病诊断中的应用进展

随着人口老龄化程度的加深,心血管疾病(CVDs)将会长期处于我国城乡居民死亡原因第一位。不同心脏标志物与各类CVDs均有良好的相关性,可以作为临床诊断和预后的一个重要指标。不同心脏标志物的联合检测灵敏度、准确度和特异度更高,并能应用在不同的CVDs诊断场景,在CVDs的临床应用中有重要意义。