Analyses of influence of residential buildings' space organization on heating energy consumption in Lhasa

The heating load simulation models of the residential buildings in Lhasa are established for enhancing the space organization’s adaptability to climate and radiation and improving its energy saving performance.The space organization items a e analyzed for both the existing buildings without insulation and new buildings with good insulation.The items include orientation design,south a d north balcony design,the north and south partition wall’s position design,storey height design and window-wall ratio design.Simulation results show that orientation is the key design element for energy saving design,and adverse orientation can obviouslyincrease heating energy consumption;south and north balconies can reduce winter heating energy consumption;partition walls move to the north,which means that the south room’s big depth design leads to less heating energy consumption,but the effect is not inconspicuous;smaier storey height results in less heating load.For the existing buildings,the window-wall ratio of south side has a balance point for energy saving design in the calculation condition.For the new buildings with good insulation,enlarging the south window-wal ratio can continuously reduce heating energy consumption,but the energy saving rate between models gets smaier.The heating energy consumption comparison study between the common model and optimal space design model demonstrates that the energy saving design can significantly reduce heating energy consumption

Evaluation of Energy Consumption for Heating of Industrial Building in-Situ

Because of the high energy demand required to heat a production hall, the aim of this project is to find out whether it is possible to verify the heating consuming process for heating with the standard simplified calculation method [1], especially for cold regions such as Kosice (Slovakia). The energy requirement for heating a case study industrial building was evaluated using measurements and calculations.During the winter period, energy consumption was measured in the selected industrial building according to a validation standard [2]. The building is comprised of two halls. The measurements were analyzed according to the criteria used for validating residential and public buildings, with several regression dependencies taken into account in the resulting evaluation of heating energy consumption. The mathematical dependencies of measured values in real conditions are shown in this paper. In addition, the building’s heating energy demand was calculated according to the Austrian standard [3], ?NORM EN ISO 13790, the simplified calculation method for non-residential buildings. It was investigated whether the measured values could be replicated using this calculation. It was found that the precise definition of the internal heat gains is very important.

Economic Feasibility Evaluation of Building Passive Houses

The research presents an improved method of rational design of energy-efficient low-rise residential buildings according to their life cycle. The mathematical model for finding the optimal version of draft power-efficient residential building has been developed. For conditions of Ukraine the optimization problem has been set and solved （finding the optimal version of the draft energy-efficient buildings）. The calculations prove the fact that the construction of passive houses in Ukraine today is economically feasible. Scientific and practical regulations, outlined in the research, can be used by all participants of the investment programs, and energy-efficiency projects, renovation projects and developing normative-technical documents.

Climate adaptive thermal characteristics of envelope of residential passive house in China

Passive house has been constructed in China on a large-scale over the past couple years for its great energy saving potential.However,research indicates that there is a significant discrepancy in energy performance for heating and cooling between passive houses in different climate zones.Therefore,this research develops a comparative analysis on the energy saving potential of passive houses with the conventional around China.A sensitivity analysis of thermal characteristics of building envelope(insulation of exterior walls and windows,and airtightness)on energy consumption is further carried out to improve the climate adaptability of passive house.Moreover,the variation of energy consumption under different heat gain intensity is also compared,to evaluate the effects of envelope thermal characteristics comprehensively.Results suggest that the decrease of exterior wall insulation leads to the greatest increase in energy consumption,especially in severe cold zone in China.However,the optimal insulation may change with the internal heat gain intensity,for instance,the decrease of insulation(from 0.4 to 1.0 W/(m^(2)·K))could reduce the energy consumption by 4.65 kW·h/(m^(2)·a)when the heat gain increases to 20 W/m^(2)for buildings in Hot Summer and Cold Winter zone in China.

Impact of climate change on building heating energy consumption in Tianjin

This paper investigated the variation of build- ing heating energy consumption caused by global warming in Tianjin, China. Based on the hourly historical and monthly projected future （B1/A1B emissions scenarios） meteorological data, the variation of those relevant meteorological parameters was first analyzed. A TRNSYS simulation model for a reference building was introduced to investigate historical variation of office building energy consumption. The results showed that the 10-year-average heating energy consumption of 2001-2010 had reduced by 16.1% compared to that of 1961-1970. By conducting principal component analysis and regression analysis, future variation of building heating load was studied. For B1/A1B emissions scenarios, the multi-year-average heating load was found to decrease by 9.7% （18.1%）/ 10.2% （22.7%） compared to that of 1971-2010 by 2011- 2050 （2051-2100）.

Quantitative research of incentive effects of heat-metering policy on energy-saving behavior in Tianjin

To promote energy efficiency and emission reduction, the Chinese government has invested large amounts of resources in heat-metering reform over the past decade. However, heat-metering, which can reduce energy consumption by 15% at least in developed countries, is still not well known in China. This paper quantitatively analyzed the arousal effect of heat-metering policy on occupancy behavior regarding energy saving utilizing statistics method based on measured data of heating energy consumption of approximately 20000 users from 2008 to 2012 in Tianjin. The statistical data showed significant difference on energy consumption between users based on metering and based on area. The energy-saving rate in the heating season increased significantly from 4.11% in 2008-2009 to 10.27% in 2011-2012 as the implement of the heat-metering policy. The difference in energy-saving according to various outdoor temperatures showed that the energy-saving of occupancy behavior was more significant in a warm season than in a cold season. It also showed that the impact of heat-metering policy would be more pronounced in generally insulated buildings （15.55%） than in better insulated units （6.45%）. Besides, this paper proposed some feasible suggestions for the formulation and implementation of heat-metering policy in northern heating areas of China.

Using urban building energy modeling to quantify the energy performance of residential buildings under climate change

The building sector is facing a challenge in achieving carbon neutrality due to climate change and urbanization.Urban building energy modeling(UBEM)is an effective method to understand the energy use of building stocks at an urban scale and evaluate retrofit scenarios against future weather variations,supporting the implementation of carbon emission reduction policies.Currently,most studies focus on the energy performance of archetype buildings under climate change,which is hard to obtain refined results for individual buildings when scaling up to an urban area.Therefore,this study integrates future weather data with an UBEM approach to assess the impacts of climate change on the energy performance of urban areas,by taking two urban neighborhoods comprising 483 buildings in Geneva,Switzerland as case studies.In this regard,GIS datasets and Swiss building norms were collected to develop an archetype library.The building heating energy consumption was calculated by the UBEM tool—AutoBPS,which was then calibrated against annual metered data.A rapid UBEM calibration method was applied to achieve a percentage error of 2.7%.The calibrated models were then used to assess the impacts of climate change using four future weather datasets out of Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSP1-2.6,SSP2-4.5,SSP3-7.0,and SSP5-8.5).The results showed a decrease of 22%–31%and 21%–29%for heating energy consumption,an increase of 113%–173%and 95%–144%for cooling energy consumption in the two neighborhoods by 2050.The average annual heating intensity dropped from 81 kWh/m^(2) in the current typical climate to 57 kWh/m^(2) in the SSP5-8.5,while the cooling intensity rose from 12 kWh/m^(2) to 32 kWh/m^(2).The overall envelope system upgrade reduced the average heating and cooling energy consumption by 41.7%and 18.6%,respectively,in the SSP scenarios.The spatial and temporal distribution of energy consumption change can provide valuable information for future urban energy planning against climate change.

A Modern Method for Analyzing Thermal Energy System with System State Equation and Analytical Formula of Performance Index

This paper addresses overall performance analysis of coal-fired power unit. From the point of view of system engineering, a general steam-water distribution equation of the thermal plant system is presented. This system state equation is an exact expression combining system topological structure and system properties. Through proper mathematic transform, the inner relationship and interaction between the main system and auxiliary system are revealed and its general form is given. An analytical formula for the heat consumption rote of thermal power plant is one direct fruit of the equation, which greatly facilitate the online analyzing and optimizing of complex thermal system. The new approach, with the aid of modem data acquiring technology, is a perfect extension of the traditional analysis method based on the First Law of Thermodynamics.