Magnetohydrodynamic peristaltic flow of a hyperbolic tangent fluid in a vertical asymmetric channel with heat transfer

In the present paper we discuss the magnetohydrodynamic （MHD） peristaltic flow of a hyperbolic tangent fluid model in a vertical asymmetric channel under a zero Reynolds number and long wavelength approximation. Exact solution of the temperature equation in the absence of dissipation term has been computed and the analytical ex- pression for stream function and axial pressure gradient are established. The flow is analyzed in a wave frame of reference moving with the velocity of wave. The expression for pressure rise has been computed numerically. The physical features of pertinent parameters are analyzed by plotting graphs and discussed in detail.

Numerical Study of Turbulent Periodic Flow and Heat Transfer in a Square Channel with Different Ribs

A numerical investigation has been carried out to examine turbulent flow and heat transfer characteristics in a three-dimensional ribbed square channels. Fluent 6.3 CFD code has been used. The governing equations are discretized by the second order upwind differencing scheme, decoupling with the SIMPLE (semi-implicit method for pressure linked equations) algorithm and are solved using a finite volume approach. The fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics are presented for the Reynolds numbers based on the channel hydraulic diameter ranging from 104 to 4 ′ 104. The effects of rib shape and orientation on heat transfer and pressure drop in the channel are investigated for six different rib configurations. Rib arrays of 45° inclined and 45° V-shaped are mounted in inline and staggered arrangements on the lower and upper walls of the channel. In addition, the performance of these ribs is also compared with the 90° transverse ribs.

Mathematical Analysis of Unsteady MHD Blood Flow through Parallel Plate Channel with Heat Source

In the present study, a mathematical model of unsteady blood flow through parallel plate channel under the action of an applied constant transverse magnetic field is proposed. The model is subjected to heat source. Analytical expressions are obtained by choosing the axial velocity;temperature distribution and the normal velocity of the blood depend on y and t only to convert the system of partial differential equations into system of ordinary differential equations under the conditions defined in our model. The model has been analyzed to find the effects of various parameters such as, Hartmann number, heat source parameter and Prandtl number on the axial velocity, temperature distribution and the normal velocity. The numerical solutions of axial velocity, temperature distributions and normal velocity are shown graphically for better understanding of the problem. Hence, the present mathematical model gives a simple form of axial velocity, temperature distribution and normal velocity of the blood flow so that it will help not only people working in the field of Physiological fluid dynamics but also to the medical practitioners.

Transient Response Characteristics of Separated Flow and Heat Transfer in Enlarged Rectangular Channel

Numerical results of three-dimensional separated flow and heat transfer in an enlarged rectangular channel are presented in this paper. The expansion ratio and aspect ratio of the channel are 2.0 and 8.0, respectively. Reynolds number of the flow is 200 and it is over the critical Reynolds number. Over the value, the flow in the symmetric channel becomes to deflect to one side of the walls. Transient response characteristics of the flow and heat transfer in the channel with the fully developed flow imposed one cycle of a pulsating fluctuation at the inlet are investigated. Vortex structure generated in the channel is visualized with a helicity isosurface. In the case of the fluctuation of Strouhal number 0.05, small streamwise vortices appear near the side walls and slightly upstream of the reattachment region of the short separation bubble. The vortices elongate and shed some vortices. These vortices attract some pairs of the streamwise vortices near the reattachment region quickly and they drift downstream along the side walls. They are inclined from the walls and are decaying gradually. It is clarified that high Nusselt number area appears and shifts downstream in accordance with the root of the vortices.

Heat transfer in turbulent tube flow inserted with loose-fit multi-channel twisted tapes as swirl generators

Heat transfer and flow behaviors in three-dimensional circular tubes with loose-fit multiple channel twisted tapes were numerically studied. The investigation was examined for Reynolds numbers （Re） ranging from 5000 to 15,000, by using air as testing fluid. Effects of the multiple channel number （N = 2, 3, and 4）, clearance ratio （CR = 0.0, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.075） on heat transfer enhancement and flow friction were examined. The numerical results indicate that the tubes with loose-fit multiple channel twisted tapes perform higher heat transfer rates than the plain tube. The enhanced heat transfer rate is escorted with larger pressure drop. Both heat transfer and pressure drop increase with increasing multiple channel number （N） and decreasing clearance ratio （CR）. Heat transfer augmented by the loose-fit multiple channel twisted tape with N = 4 is higher than those enhanced by the ones with N = 2 and 3 by around 9.5-17.8% and 5.8-7.8%, respectively. In addition, the loose-fit multiple channel twisted tapes with clearance ratio of 0.025, 0.05, and 0.075 give lower heat transfer rates than the one with CR = 0.0 by around 8.4%, 17.5%, and 28.8%, respectively.

Physical Experiments to Investigate the Effects of Street Bottom Heating and Inflow Turbulence on Urban Street-Canyon Flow

The effects of street bottom heating and inflow turbulence on urbanstreet-canyon flow are experimentally investigated using a circulating water channel. Threeexperiments are carried out for a street canyon with a street aspect ratio of 1. Results from eachexperiment with bottom heating or inflow turbulence are compared with those without bottom heatingand appreciable inflow turbulence. It is demonstrated that street bottom heating or inflowturbulence increases the intensity of the canyon vortex. A possible explanation on how street bottomheating or inflow turbulence intensifies the canyon vortex is given from a fluid dynamicalviewpoint.

Mixed convection heat transfer in horizontal channel filled with nanofluids

The laminar fully developed nanofluid flow and heat transfer in a horizonal channel are investigated. Highly accurate solutions for the temperature and nanopavticle concentration distributions are obtained. The effects of the Brownian motion parameter Nb, the thermophoresis parameter Nt, and the Lewis number Le on the temperature and nanoparticle concentration distributions are discussed. The current analysis shows that the nanoparticles can improve the heat transfer characteristics significantly for this flow problem.

Experiment on Boiling Heat Transfer of Refrigerant R134a in Mini-channels

The flow boiling heat transfer characteristics of refrigerant R134 a flowing inside two different kinds of minichannels are investigated. One channel is multi-port extruded with the hydraulic diameter of 0.63 mm,and the other one is rectangular with offset fins and a hydraulic diameter of 1.28 mm. The experiments are performed with a mass flow rate between 68 and 630 kg/(m^2·s),a heat flux between 9 and 64 kW/m^2,and a saturation pressure between 0.24 and 0.63 MPa,under the constant heat flux heating mode. It is found that the effect of mass flow rate on boiling heat transfer is related to heat flux,and that with the increase of heat flux,the effect can only be efficient in higher vapor quality region. The effects of heat flux and saturation pressure on boiling heat transfer are related to a threshold vapor quality,and the value will gradually decrease with the increase of heat flux or saturation pressure. Based on these analyses,a new correlation is proposed to predict the boiling heat transfer coefficient of refrigerant R134 a in the mini-channels under the experimental conditions.

Bio-fluid flow analysis based on heat transfer and variable viscosity

This study investigates the cilia transport phenomenon from the perspectives of the heat transfer and variable viscosity in a bending channel. The rightward wall is maintained at a temperature of T0, and the leftward wall has a temperature of T1. Each wall has a metachronal wave that travels along its wall. The structures of the ciliary assemblies are calculated by the well-known simplifying suppositions of the large wavelength and the small Reynolds number approximation. The flow phenomenon for the Newtonian fluid is described as a function of cilia and a metachronal wave velocity. The pressure rise is calculated with MATHEMATICA. The theme of the cilia beating flow is inspected with scheming plots, and its features are discussed at the end of the article.

磁场诱导矩形通道内铁磁流体流动及强化传热

为深入研究外加磁场作用下矩形通道中铁磁流体的流动及换热性能,基于有限体积法对其进行数值仿真计算。分析铁磁流体在不同雷诺数Re、磁场强度B下对努塞尔数Nu及流体阻力系数f的影响,重点对比3种热边界条件下磁场诱导铁磁流体旋流流动的特点、强化传热效果及综合强化性能。结果表明:当外加磁场作用于铁磁流体时,由于磁场-流场-温度场的协同作用,3种热边界条件下,矩形通道内的铁磁流体均产生不同结构的旋流流动,明显强化其传热效果,且施加的磁场强度越大,强化传热效果越好,综合性能更优。在研究范围内,通过对3种热边界条件的比较,四面受热、上下两面受热和底面受热的综合强化因子最大值分别达到了1.372、2.277、2.299。

带肋复合微通道换热器内流动传热性能研究

为探究微肋与二次通道复合结构对微通道换热器流动换热性能增强的影响机理,采用数值方法,研究了不同雷诺数下6种带肋复合微通道换热器内的压降、流场结构、摩擦系数、基底温度、相对努赛尔数和综合流动换热性能,并与矩形光滑微通道和无肋二次通道微通道的流动换热性能进行了对比。研究表明:在流动特性方面,引入二次通道结构对微通道内的压降损失和相对摩擦系数没有影响,但引入微肋结构会产生节流效应并诱发漩涡结构,导致微通道内的压降损失增大3~10倍;在传热特性方面,引入二次通道结构能够强化换热,在二次通道结构基础上增加微肋结构能进一步增强微通道换热器的传热性能;相比于矩形光滑微通道和无肋二次通道微通道,复合微通道换热器的基底温度最高下降13.52 K,相对努塞尔数最高增大35.36%;在综合性能方面,对于所研究的6种带肋复合微通道换热器,前三角肋复合微通道具有最优的流动传热综合性能,并具有高流速、低泵功率、低热阻等优点。

微小通道内超临界R134a流动传热特性

超临界有机朗肯循环(supercritical organic Rankine cycle,SORC)是回收中低品位能源较理想的新型动力循环技术之一,而超临界有机工质的传热特性严重影响了系统能效,目前已成为制约有机朗肯循环技术向前发展的瓶颈。基于此,本文实验研究了超临界R134a在2mm微小通道内的流动传热特性,参数范围为:热流密度60~120kW/(m^(2)·s),质量流速800~3000kg/(m^(2)·s),压力4.1~5.1MPa,工质进口温度20~100℃,探讨了热流密度、质量流速、压力、流体焓值等参数对传热特性的影响规律。结果表明,传热系数随流体温度的升高先增加后减小,随质量流速的增加而增加,随着热流密度和压力的增加而减小。流体焓值在拟临界值附近出现压降平缓区。根据实验数据拟合得到了微通道内R134a的传热关联式,该关联式预测误差均在±10%之内,具有良好的预测精度。

逆流相分离结构微细通道流动沸腾传热与均温性

为探究不同相分离结构参数对强化微细通道流动沸腾传热性能和均温性的影响,加工制作了带有不同相分离结构的平行逆流微细通道试验段,分别为相分离结构(PSS)位置不同的PSS-1(上下游均匀分布)、PSS-2(上下游靠近中部)和PSS-3(上下游靠近两端),其中PSS-1分为A、B、C三种,分别对应4孔、6孔、10孔。以乙醇为试验工质,在有效热通量为17.12~87.25 kW/m^(2)、入口温度为70℃、质量流速为86.11 kg(/m^(2)·s)的工况下,对截面为2 mm×2 mm的矩形微细通道开展流动沸腾试验,并利用高速摄影仪对通道进行可视化研究,通过引入传热强化因子和壁面温度标准差研究了不同相分离结构对强化微细通道传热性能和均温性的影响以及相分离结构在高压通道和低压通道内的强化机制。研究表明,传热强化效果随相分离排气孔数增加而提升,相分离结构位置对传热特性的影响在高压通道和低压通道内有所不同。PSS-1-C微细通道的温度均匀性最好,在热通量为83.11 kW/m^(2)时微细通道平均壁面温度较无相分离相同通道降低了1.9℃,温度标准差降低了14.2%。可视化图像表明,相分离结构在压差作用下能实现气相转移,进而强化传热。

三电平模组散热设计及数值分析

综合考虑加工便捷性、均温效果、实用性因素,设计了一款适用于排列分布功率器件的螺旋线型结构散热器。基于三电平半桥模组结构应用场景,结合功率器件损耗、水冷系统常规工程应用条件需求,以及结构加工工艺难度及经济性,以进出水温差、进水流量作为变量,设计了两款散热器流道结构。两款流道均采用均温性强的螺旋线型流道结构,按照器件安装需求,分别拼接并联流道和含S弯道的串并联流道两种结构。通过流阻及温度仿真分析,得到两种方案对应的流道流阻数据及IGBT安装面最高温度、温差数据,根据散热系统设计要求,综合评估判断流道设计方案流量分配合理性。结合散热效果及散热经济性,比较流道流阻及设计裕度,确定在常规水冷工况下散热器流道最优设计方案。研究成果可为螺旋线型水冷散热器的设计提供指导。

多通道平行流扁管-紧凑式翅片相变蓄热器蓄/放热性能

工业余热浪费严重、利用率较低且实际应用过程中受到时间和空间的限制,需要高效蓄热技术和装置来解决此类问题。提出一种将多通道平行流扁管与紧凑式翅片相结合的新型相变蓄热器,以水为载热流体,月桂酸为相变材料。实验研究了载热流体注入方式、流量、入口温度对蓄热器蓄/放热性能的影响,并分析小温差下蓄热器的传热特性。结果显示,该蓄热器相变材料填充率为82.5%,紧凑式翅片的采用极大强化了相变材料侧换热过程,蓄/放热性能优良。当载热流体入口温度分别为45℃和41℃时,相变材料约在270 min和75 min完成相变,最小蓄/放热温差可达2℃,最小温差时的平均蓄热比功率为25.18 W/kg,平均取热比功率为20.23 W/kg。

并联竖直上升通道内二氧化碳流动不稳定性实验研究

先进超临界二氧化碳(supercritical carbon dioxide,S-CO_(2))布雷顿循环系统因具有紧凑、高效灵活的特点,在第三代光热系统和第四代核电系统中具有良好的应用前景,而布雷顿循环系统中的流动不稳定性威胁着机组的安全运行。为研究竖直上升并联管内CO_(2)的流动不稳定性,该文建立CO_(2)流动不稳定性系统进行实验研究,获得热工参数对流动不稳定性的影响规律;引入无量纲节流系数,构建CO_(2)流动不稳定性预测模型;模型预测效果良好,预测值与实验值吻合良好(误差±20%)。研究发现,增加系统压力、增加质量流量及过冷度范围在5~20℃时,减小过冷度均有利于提高并联管间流动的稳定性;随着出口节流增加,并联管间流动稳定性降低,且发生不稳定性的界限热负荷逐渐减小。

蒸汽加热垂直矩形窄通道内流型与局部换热特性研究

为了明确竖直矩形窄通道内各阶段流动沸腾的换热特性,优化换热器性能,以去离子水为工质,对尺寸为1400 mm×250 mm×2.75 mm(高×宽×深)的蒸汽加热垂直矩形窄通道内流动沸腾流型与局部换热特性进行实验研究。将由实验数据得到的流型图与不同加热条件下的现有流型图进行了对比分析。结合流型变化分析了进口温度、质流密度、加热功率对局部换热特性的影响,并基于对实验数据的参数分析,得到适用于该实验工况下的新流动沸腾传热关联式。结果表明:入口温度的升高对提升核态沸腾段的换热有积极作用,而在进入搅拌流阶段后,其对局部传热系数的影响很小;质流密度增加会降低核态沸腾阶段的局部传热系数,提升液膜流动蒸发区的局部传热系数;随着加热功率的增加,局部传热系数的峰值呈现左移的趋势;新的传热关联式能很好地预测该实验工况下蒸汽加热垂直矩形窄通道内流动沸腾的局部传热系数。

两相并联换热通道间流量分配特性实验研究

为提高两相流动换热通道的换热能力及系统性能,探究其并联换热通道中流量分配不均的特征,开展了以水为工质的两并联通道换热实验,对流量分配不均所带来的参数变化进行研究。实验参数变化主要包括进口温度、热流密度、进口流量,以及外部扰动、集管结构带来的流量分配差异。将实验结果与模型计算结果进行了对比,结果表明:并联换热通道间流量分配不均时,优先沸腾通道中流量较少,未沸腾通道出口温度明显降低;增加进口温度、增加热流密度、降低进口流量会导致流量分配不均的出现,其产生和消失对应的进口温度、热流密度、进口流量分别变化了24.8℃、175.6 W/m、19.8%,并存在滞后现象;扰动会加速流量分配不均的出现,对应进口温度相差3.2℃;集管结构会影响优先沸腾通道的位置,单相状态下流量较少的通道倾向于优先沸腾。研究结果可为提高并联换热通道流量分配的均匀性提供参考。

基于矩形小尺度流道沸腾传热模型的PCSG热工水力分析研究

结合矩形小尺度流道流型过渡准则、泡状流区域沸腾传热模型、受限汽泡流以及环状流区域沸腾传热模型,形成了基于流型的矩形小尺度流道沸腾传热模型。在此基础上,开发了PCSG一维热工水力计算程序PCTH,并进行了PCSG热工水力分析。结果表明,该程序的计算结果与试验结果吻合良好,可以较好地预测试验数据范围内的矩形小尺度流道PCSG热工水力特性。

一体式多能源耦合热泵机组的性能研究

传统空气源热泵机组在低环境温度中运行的能效低,随环境温度的降低,制热量衰减严重,且存在潮湿天气下运行时结霜严重、化霜时影响用户采暖效果等问题。以一体式多能源耦合热泵机组为研究对象,建立了实验平台,通过测试对该热泵机组的性能系数(COP)进行分析研究。研究结果表明:1)一体式多能源耦合热泵机组采用模块化设计,安装快捷方便,系统控制简单,且初始投资较低。2)通过全流道双效集热板和风冷换热器可吸收自然环境中的太阳能、空气能、水汽能等多种能源,实现了一机多能源互补,有效解决了传统空气源热泵机组在环境温度低时能效低、在极端寒冷天气下不能正常运行的问题。3)在环境温度为2.2~3.8℃,日均太阳辐照度为476 W/m^(2)的条件下,一体式多能源耦合热泵机组的输出功率为72.3~76.1k W,COP在3.4~3.5之间,比传统空气源热泵机组的COP提高了22%左右。