In this paper,the air-water vapor-water system is taken as an example,and the formula of constant-pressure specific heat during non-equilibrium phase change process in the two-phase flow system is deduced using the th...In this paper,the air-water vapor-water system is taken as an example,and the formula of constant-pressure specific heat during non-equilibrium phase change process in the two-phase flow system is deduced using the theory of two-phase flow and thermophysics. The constant-pressure specific heat of non-equilibrium phase change process is calculated with the corresponding numerical model,and the numerical results are compared to those of the equilibrium phase change process. It is shown that in evaporation process,the variational rate of the non-equilibrium specific heat increases with increasing initial fluid temperature and particle mass fraction. The smaller particle radius is,the faster the varia-tional rate is. Meanwhile,the constant-pressure specific heat of equilibrium process is higher than that of the non-equilibrium process all the time.展开更多
Two different entry vehicles are presented here： the Inflatable Reentry and Descent Demonstrator （IRDT）, and Huygens. Both missions involve （re）entries at conditions close to orbital, and have been performed in 2...Two different entry vehicles are presented here： the Inflatable Reentry and Descent Demonstrator （IRDT）, and Huygens. Both missions involve （re）entries at conditions close to orbital, and have been performed in 2005. Specific aspects of the design and the mission of IRDT are briefly outlined. The preliminary results of the recent flight of IRDT and the methodology followed at ESTEC for the assessment of radiative fluxes for Huygens are summarised.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50536030 and 50676102)
文摘In this paper,the air-water vapor-water system is taken as an example,and the formula of constant-pressure specific heat during non-equilibrium phase change process in the two-phase flow system is deduced using the theory of two-phase flow and thermophysics. The constant-pressure specific heat of non-equilibrium phase change process is calculated with the corresponding numerical model,and the numerical results are compared to those of the equilibrium phase change process. It is shown that in evaporation process,the variational rate of the non-equilibrium specific heat increases with increasing initial fluid temperature and particle mass fraction. The smaller particle radius is,the faster the varia-tional rate is. Meanwhile,the constant-pressure specific heat of equilibrium process is higher than that of the non-equilibrium process all the time.
文摘Two different entry vehicles are presented here： the Inflatable Reentry and Descent Demonstrator （IRDT）, and Huygens. Both missions involve （re）entries at conditions close to orbital, and have been performed in 2005. Specific aspects of the design and the mission of IRDT are briefly outlined. The preliminary results of the recent flight of IRDT and the methodology followed at ESTEC for the assessment of radiative fluxes for Huygens are summarised.
