Prediction of Heat Transfer Rates for Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers by Artificial Neural Networks Approach

This work used artificial neural network(ANN)to predict the heat transfer rates of shell-and-tube heatexchangers with segmental baffles or continuous helical baffles,based on limited experimental data.The BackPropagation (BP) algorithm was used in training the networks.Different network configurations were alsostudied.The deviation between the predicted results and experimental data was less than 2%.Comparison withcorrelation for prediction shows ANN superiority.It is recommended that ANN can be easily used to predict theperformances of thermal systems in engineering applications,especially to model heat exchangers for heattransfer analysis.

Modeling of Heat Transfer and Steam Condensation Inside a Horizontal Flattened Tube

This work investigates the steam condensation phenomena in an air-cooled condenser.The considered horizontal flattened tube has a 30 mm hydraulic diameter,and its length is a function of the steam quality with a limit value between 0.95 and 0.05.The mass flow rate ranges from 4 to 40 kg/m^(2).s with a saturated temperature spanning an interval from 40°C to 80°C.A special approach has been implemented using the Engineering Equation Solver(EES)to solve a series of equations for the two-phase flow pattern and the related heat transfer coefficients.A wavy-stratified structure of the two-phase flow has been found when the mass rate was between 4 and 24 kg/m^(2).s.In contrast,an initially annular flow is gradually converted into a wavy stratified flow(due to the condensation process taking place inside the flattened tube)when the considered range ranges from 32 to 40 kg/m^(2).s.

Heat transfer intensification in hydromagnetic and radiative 3D unsteady flow regimes: A comparative theoretical investigation for aluminum and γ-aluminum oxides nanoparticles

This article investigates the colloidal study for water and ethylene glycol based nanofluids.The effects of Lorentz forces and thermal radiation are considered.The process of non-dimensionalities of governing equations is carried out successfully by means of similarity variables.Then,the resultant nonlinear nature of flow model is treated numerically via Runge-Kutta scheme.The characteristics of various pertinent flow parameters on the velocity,temperature,streamlines and isotherms are discussed graphically.It is inspected that the Lorentz forces favors the rotational velocity and rotational parameter opposes it.Intensification in the nanofluids temperature is observed for volumetric fraction and thermal radiation parameter and dominating trend is noted for γ-aluminum nanofluid.Furthermore,for higher rotational parameter,reverse flow is investigated.To provoke the validity of the present work,comparison between current and literature results is presented which shows an excellent agreement.It is examined that rotation favors the velocity of the fluid and more radiative fluid enhances the fluid temperature.Moreover,it is inspected that upturns in volumetric fraction improves the thermal and electrical conductivities.

Effects of physical properties of supercritical water on heat transfer characteristics of single particle within a particle cluster Author links open overlay panel

The complex physical properties of supercritical water(SCW)make the heat transfer characteristics of particles within a particle cluster complicated.The heat transfer characteristics of single particle within a particle cluster in SCW,influenced by surrounding particles,have not been effectively explored.The numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the heat transfer characteristics of particle clusters in SCW under different conditions.The results were compared and analyzed with those from constant property flow.It was found that Reynolds number(Re)and the void fraction of particle cluster have no special effects on the variation trends of Nusselt number(Nu)for the focused particle.However,the particle temperature had a significant effect on the variation trends of Nu.The effect of Re on the heat transfer rate exponent(η)of the focused particle can be divided into two zones:a significant effect zone and a non-significant effect zone.The effect of void fraction onηin the non-significant effect zone was minimal.Within the non-significant effect zone,ηdecreased with the increasing particle temperature.In the significant effect zone,the variation trends ofηbecame more complex.The fundamental reason for this series of phenomena is the changes in distribution of physical properties.A model forηwas developed for the non-significant effect zone.This model can filter out the effects of Re and certain particle cluster spatial configurations,and it demonstrates good predictive performance.

大高宽比矩形腔体侧向正弦加热下对流扰动的成长和传热特性

为了研究矩形腔体侧向正弦周期加热条件下对流扰动的成长和传热特性,本研究对流体力学方程组进行了数值模拟。结果表明:随着格拉晓夫数Gr的增加,对流扰动的最大振幅Amax的成长率变大,线性成长阶段的时间变短。对于高宽比A=10,腔体宽度d=2cm的腔体,普朗特数Pr=6.949的流体,对流扰动的成长率γ_(m)随着格拉晓夫数Gr变化的经验式为γ_(m)=9×10^(-8)Gr^(1.2343);对于高宽比A=10、腔体宽度d=6cm的腔体,普朗特数Pr=0.703的流体,成长率m随着格拉晓夫数Gr的变化关系式为m=8×10^(-4)Cr^(0.52)。当Pr=0.0272时,热壁面平均努塞尔数Nu和格拉晓夫数Gr的关联式为Nu=0.00002Gr^(1.17);当Pr=6.949时,Nu=0.00024Gr^(1.05)。随着格拉晓夫数Gr数增加,右壁面的传热能力增强。

地热储层岩体粗糙裂隙的热流耦合效应研究

为了解决地热开采涉及复杂的多物理场耦合问题,提高开采效率,本文针对开采过程中的渗流-传热问题以离散元软件3DEC构建岩体粗糙裂隙热-流耦合数值模型。考虑不同三维形貌特征的岩体裂隙,模拟水力开度为19.17μm在不同流速时的水-岩温度变化规律。结果表明:由于裂隙形貌的阻滞作用,粗糙面出水口温度下降较慢,出水口温度有所上升,模型达到稳态所需的时间随流速和对流换热系数的增大而减小。裂隙形貌对流体和岩体温度分布均有影响,粗糙裂隙面的冷锋形态和裂隙面的形貌密切相关。光滑裂隙热突破快于粗糙裂隙,增加裂隙面的粗糙度有助于延长热突破时间。粗糙裂隙面相对于光滑裂隙面的总热量提取率略有提升,流速和对流换热系数的增加显著提高总热量提取率。通过本文研究可以为地热能系统的设计提供重要参数和指导,能够提高地热能开发利用效率。

Numerical Study of Conjugate Heat Transfer for Cooling the Circuit Board

In this paper, a 3D model of a flat circuit board with a heat generating electronic chip mounted on it has been studied numerically. The conjugate heat transfer including the conduction in the chip and convection with the surrounding fluid has been investigated numerically. Computational fluid dynamics using the finite volume method has been used for modeling the conjugate heat transfer through the chip and the circuit board. Conjugate heat transfer has broad applications in engineering and industrial applications in design of cooling off electronic components. Effects of various inlet velocities have been studied on the heat transfer variation and temperature of the circuit board. Numerical results show that the temperature of the chip reduces as the velocity of the inlet fluid flow increases.

基于标准火灾曲线和热释放率的衬砌温度分布数值计算研究

为探明火灾下衬砌温度的分布特性,基于隧道火灾-衬砌辐射对流传热数学模型建立了衬砌温度数值计算方法,并对HC标准火灾曲线和30 MW火灾热释放率火灾工况进行计算分析。结果表明,标准火灾曲线最高温度普遍大于目前我国规范的要求。采用火灾温度作为衬砌壁面边界条件将显著增大衬砌温度荷载,2小时HC火灾曲线和30 MW火灾工况衬砌最高温度分别为778℃和351℃。标准火灾曲线工况衬砌内部的高温影响范围和高温值均显著大于30 MW火灾工况。

井下流体抽注强制对流作用下超长重力热管地热系统取热强化增产研究

采用超长重力热管开采深部地热资源能够有效避免增强型地热系统存在的工质损耗、结垢腐蚀以及地下连通困难等问题,但重力热管地热系统取热速率受限于热储的低导热率。提出一种井下流体抽注强制对流换热方案,对井下热管与热储之间流体流动传热过程进行数值模拟,获取了流场和温度场的变化规律,对比了井下流体静止和流动情况的采热性能,分析了不同质量流量、抽注时间比、周期时长对采热性能的影响。结果表明:井内抽注流动可以显著增强热管系统的采热性能,增大抽注流量能够提高采热率;慢抽快注的方式对采热率有明显的提升效果,抽注时间比越大采热性能越好;采热总时长不变,抽注周期时长越大对采热性能提升效果越明显。

基于临界半衰期的连续流反应热安全风险评估方法

为了更好地评估连续流反应热安全风险,研究以通道式反应器为例,通过构建基于热量衡算和物料衡算的反应体系模型,对连续流反应体系的实际传热量和热安全风险进行了研究。针对通道式反应器进口端的绝热温升反应现象,提出了临界半衰期作为热安全判据的方法,获得了具有热安全高风险的两大反应条件,分别为:当目标反应产热总量大于800 J·g^(-1),且该反应在反应温度下半衰期小于临界半衰期;当分解反应产热总量大于800 J·g^(-1),且目标反应在反应温度下半衰期小于临界半衰期,同时分解反应在100%MTSR(工艺反应能够达到的最高温度)下半衰期也小于临界半衰期。并且通过氯苯硝化反应验证其准确性和实用性,结果显示,通道式反应器在该条件下可发生分解爆炸反应,证实了该评估方法可用于确定连续流反应热安全的高风险条件。

制热工况下跨临界CO_(2)热泵最优排气压力的影响因素研究

最优排气压力是影响跨临界CO_(2)热泵性能最重要的因素。为研究最优排气压力存在原因及其影响参数,并揭示各参数对最优排气压力的影响机理,基于传热夹点理论对最优排气压力进行了理论分析。利用AMESim软件搭建了考虑气体冷却器内部传热夹点的跨临界CO_(2)热泵模型进行仿真计算,在进水温度为10~40℃、出水温度为60~90℃、环境温度为-30~25℃的宽工况内定量研究了进水温度、出水温度、环境温度及回热率对热泵系统最优排气压力的影响。研究结果表明:进水温度越低、出水温度越低、环境温度越低,均会导致传热夹点向气体冷却器出口移动,从而使系统的最优排气压力减小;同时,采用回热方式也能够将传热夹点进一步向气体冷却器出口推移,从而减小最优排气压力。研究结果证实传热夹点的位置对于系统最优排气压力的取值具有重要影响,因此基于传热夹点的分析与设计方法具有更强的适用性,可为热泵供暖、车辆热管理等用途中CO_(2)热泵系统的设计和性能优化提供理论与工程基础。

某高射速自动炮多体瞬态传热及应力研究

为提高拦截概率,提高发射速率是高炮武器系统的重点发展方向之一,以期单位时间内发射较多的弹丸至目标区域。然而,高射速发射造成的热效应反过来又会影响火炮自动机中多体关键件的工作效率,最终影响火炮射击安全性。为提高高射速自动机射击速率和射击安全性,解决影响其关键件寿命的热效应问题,需对高射速自动炮自动机多体关键件瞬态传热及应力变化进行研究。以某转膛型高射速自动炮为研究对象,采用瞬态传热学理论,建立了自动机关键件传热模型,采用有限元分析软件ANSYS Workbench进行了多体瞬态传热及应力变化仿真研究,仿真结果表明:随着射击频次的增加,关键件形变、温度急剧增加,最终会引起多体部件运动干涉影响射击安全性。仿真结果能够为自动机的设计、使用和维护保养提供理论支撑。

尾矿库的渗流流速检测技术研究

渗流是指流体在孔隙介质中的流动。当降雨量过大或尾矿库附近有大型水源就会易形成渗流,使尾矿库存在溃坝的危险。为了能够检测尾矿库渗流的真实流速,在进行渗流检测时不改变渗流的流动状态,设计了一种基于热式温差原理的渗流检测仪,当流体流经加热模块表面时会带走一部分热量,并将该部分热量继续通过热传递的形式传递到下游的温度传感器外壁,封装在内部的温度传感器对温度进行采集,上下游两端的温度传感器采集到的温差信号经过采集电路转换为电信号,并发送给MCU进行数据处理,通过相应数值换算,可在阿里云端及上位机端观测到当前渗流流速。该检测仪装置体积小,安装方便,无需接过多的外部设备,可掩埋在尾矿库中进行长期实时监测,且不会对周围环境造成污染。

晃荡条件下LNG船液舱蒸发相变分析

天然气以其绿色清洁的优点,市场需求与日俱增。为了保证液化天然气(LNG)运输船安全运行,分析计算不同工况下的舱室日蒸发率尤为重要。通过Fluent软件研究LNG船液货舱在晃荡状态下的相变蒸发状态,并在LNG舱室蒸发计算中引入了晃荡变量因素。计算结果表明:内壁面过热度与液舱装载率均能大幅影响LNG的蒸发状态,LNG能快速转入稳定蒸发阶段,且蒸发质量流率趋于稳定。研究结果可为相关船舶研发提供参考。

不同位置及加香水平对加热卷烟释放行为的影响

【目的】探索不同位置及加香水平对加热卷烟释放行为的影响。【方法】通过控制单支加热卷烟香精总量在一定的允差范围内,设计6组薄荷味加热卷烟并考察了烟碱、丙三醇、薄荷醇和N,2,3-三甲基-2-异丙基丁酰胺(WS-23)的释放规律。【结果】(1)对于烟碱和丙三醇,6组加热卷烟中烟碱的释放率和转移率都要大于丙三醇。(2)对于薄荷醇和WS-23,6组加热卷烟的释放率和转移率均存在较大差异,其中1#、2#、5#加热卷烟的释放率和转移率较高。释放率和转移率的波动受加热卷烟各段加香差异的影响。(3)每种成分的释放量均表现出先增大再减小的趋势,其中5#加热卷烟表现出相对较好的稳定性。

浅层地热开采中砂岩单裂隙渗流传热试验研究

浅层地热能的开发利用关系着“双碳”目标的顺利达成,其中目标储层岩石裂隙渗流传热特性的研究对地下水源热泵系统的成效至关重要。但以往的裂隙渗流传热研究多是考虑粗糙面、流速、围压、温度等单一因素对其传热效率的评价,并未系统探究多级流速下浅层地热储层(围压和岩石温度)变化对渗流传热演化规律的认识及其贡献程度的对比。因此,文章基于课题组自主研发的裂隙岩石渗流传热试验系统,开展了多级流速下的砂岩单裂隙渗流传热试验,分析了单裂隙渗流传热在多级流速下的全过程演化特性,探讨了浅层地热中的敏感性参数(围压和岩石温度)对渗流传热的影响规律及其贡献程度。试验结果发现:(1)出口水温和对流换热系数随水流流速的增大,其变化趋势有明显的阶段性转折;(2)围压的增大导致裂隙开度减小,流动边界层变薄,而温度梯度的增大将引起热流密度的上升,都将导致出口水温和对流换热系数呈现上升趋势;(3)岩石温度的贡献程度明显高于围压,特别是从60℃增大至70℃时,对流换热系数有了大幅度增长。

含重晶石粉回填料提升地埋管换热能力研究

为研究含重晶石粉回填料对平原区第四系和山区岩石地层钻孔地埋管换热能力的影响,开展了导热系数测试实验比对分析、现场热响应实验和长期运行条件的模拟计算。平原区第四系钻孔采用中砂回填,山区基岩钻孔采用水泥砂浆回填。室内导热系数测试发现:中砂回填料中重晶石粉质量分数为5%时,导热系数提升14.3%;水泥砂浆中添加5%的重晶石粉,导热系数提升7.3%。钻孔现场热响应测试发现:同一场地内夏季工况下,平原区含5%重晶石粉回填料钻孔地埋管延米换热量提高2.4 W/m,换热效率提升3.5%;山区内含5%重晶石粉水泥砂浆回填料钻孔地埋管延米换热量提高2.7 W/m,换热效率提升3.9%。经数值模拟计算,钻孔回填料重晶石粉质量分数提升至10%,地埋管延米换热能力提高约6.0%。总体上添加重晶石粉后地埋管换热能力得到提高且可持续性较好。

超临界工况下水在换热表面传热特性研究进展

对于超临界水传热特性的研究,自21世纪初以来呈快速增长的态势发展.该文总结了近年来国内外学者对于超临界水换热性能的研究,系统分析了浮升力、壁面热流密度、质量流速、压力等因素对其流动换热特性的影响.众多结果表明:浮升效应引起的剪切应力和径向流速的变化会导致传热恶化;通过减小热流密度,提高质量流速能有效改善传热.目前研究中给出了超临界水一般传热关系式,但其适用精度还需进一步提升.

基于动态传热模型的车载LNG气瓶日蒸发率检测

车载LNG气瓶是一种储存低温液化气体的低温绝热气瓶装置,其标准日蒸发率测试过于耗时,给使用单位的正常运行带来很大困扰。将辐射传热简化为热传导传热,建立了静置阶段和测试阶段的传热模型,求解了日蒸发率的解析式,并与实际检测数据进行了对比。结果表明,模型与检测数据相符合,提高充装量可以缩短静置时间,气瓶内胆材料的热容是产生长静置时间的原因。

再生建材在装配式建筑应用中的导热性能数据模拟研究

为降低建筑能耗、促进绿色发展,试验以28#石蜡和硬脂酸钠作为相变材料,制备了一种分层插入式的相变墙体,对其传热性能进行研究。并通过BIM技术,对相变墙体在装配式建筑中的应用进行模拟。结果表明,相变墙体基本无渗透现象,加热面温度变化与普通墙体一致。相变墙体的平均升温速率和平均降温速率分别是0.04、0.01℃/min,导热系数λ为0.138 W/(m·K),均远小于普通墙体。BIM表明,相变墙体在装配式建筑中的计算机模拟数据与实际试验结果基本一致,该模型准确性较高。试验制备的相变墙体可以延缓室内温度变化,起到节能效果。