A microwave-assisted general method for the synthesis of 2-aminovinyl benzimidazoles has been developed.Treatment of the 1,2-phenylenediamines and N-arylated/N,N-dialkylated 3-aminoacroleins with bis（cyclopentadienyl...A microwave-assisted general method for the synthesis of 2-aminovinyl benzimidazoles has been developed.Treatment of the 1,2-phenylenediamines and N-arylated/N,N-dialkylated 3-aminoacroleins with bis（cyclopentadienyl）zirconium（IV） dichloride（Cp2Zr Cl2） as the catalyst under microwave irradiation for 3–5 min followed by in situ Mn O2 oxidation afforded thirteen 2-aminovinyl benzimidazoles in good yields.展开更多
The potential for harvestable forest fuel(logging residues and stumps from regeneration fellings and small diameter trees from early thinnings) in Sweden,divided in five regions, is provided. Marginal cost curves for ...The potential for harvestable forest fuel(logging residues and stumps from regeneration fellings and small diameter trees from early thinnings) in Sweden,divided in five regions, is provided. Marginal cost curves for logging residues and stumps are calculated through a GIS-based method based on forest inventory plots and locations of selected terminals, and heat and combined heat and power facilities. Four supply chains for logging residues and two for stumpwood were compared. Fixed and variable costs of harvesting equipment and transport vehicles were used for determining the costs of each of the supply systems under consideration. A list with the GPS coordinates of all facilities and terminals was made based on their geographical location. The distance from the center of each forest inventory plot to the nearest receiving point within the region, either facility or terminal, was estimated. There were large differences in the estimated potential of harvestable forest fuel between the regions.The overall annual potential for each of the five regions ranged from 0.97 to 2.73 million oven dry tonnes and the total potential amounted to 9.39 Mt(oven dry). One of the northernmost regions(R1) had the steepest slope in its marginal cost curve. For the other regions, the slope of their cost curves was less dramatic. Information on the economic availability of logging residues and stumps in each region is important for forest fuel suppliers and receiving facilities.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.21262014 to Q.Sun and 21003018 to H.-B.Sun)Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education (No.212092)Research Funds (Nos.ky2012zy08 and 2013QNBJRC001) from JXSTNU for financial support
文摘A microwave-assisted general method for the synthesis of 2-aminovinyl benzimidazoles has been developed.Treatment of the 1,2-phenylenediamines and N-arylated/N,N-dialkylated 3-aminoacroleins with bis（cyclopentadienyl）zirconium（IV） dichloride（Cp2Zr Cl2） as the catalyst under microwave irradiation for 3–5 min followed by in situ Mn O2 oxidation afforded thirteen 2-aminovinyl benzimidazoles in good yields.
基金financed by the research program Effektivare skogsbr?nslesystem(More effective systems for forest fuel harvesting)the Botnia Atlantica projects Forest Refine and Bio Hub,and Bio4Energy
文摘The potential for harvestable forest fuel(logging residues and stumps from regeneration fellings and small diameter trees from early thinnings) in Sweden,divided in five regions, is provided. Marginal cost curves for logging residues and stumps are calculated through a GIS-based method based on forest inventory plots and locations of selected terminals, and heat and combined heat and power facilities. Four supply chains for logging residues and two for stumpwood were compared. Fixed and variable costs of harvesting equipment and transport vehicles were used for determining the costs of each of the supply systems under consideration. A list with the GPS coordinates of all facilities and terminals was made based on their geographical location. The distance from the center of each forest inventory plot to the nearest receiving point within the region, either facility or terminal, was estimated. There were large differences in the estimated potential of harvestable forest fuel between the regions.The overall annual potential for each of the five regions ranged from 0.97 to 2.73 million oven dry tonnes and the total potential amounted to 9.39 Mt(oven dry). One of the northernmost regions(R1) had the steepest slope in its marginal cost curve. For the other regions, the slope of their cost curves was less dramatic. Information on the economic availability of logging residues and stumps in each region is important for forest fuel suppliers and receiving facilities.
