Release characteristics and stabilization of heavy metals in antimony tailings in Yunnan Province,China

The pollution caused by the mining and smelting of heavy metals is becoming an increasingly severe environmental problem.In this study,the environmental risks of mine tailings were explored using typical antimony tailings(the depth of the sample taken from the ground to the deepest position of 120 cm)from the Zuoxiguo mine in Yunnan Province,Southwest China.The tailings were examined to explore the geological background,distribution characteristics,and release characteristics of heavy metals.Additionally,stabilizer treatments for heavy metals were investigated in consideration of waste treatment.The results showed that the contents of Sb and As(8.93×103 and 425 mg/kg,respectively)in the tailings were considerably higher than the local soil background values,suggesting that these metals pose a considerable threat to the surrounding environment.The geological background values of Cr,Cd,Pb,Cu,and Zn were relatively low.The results of static release showed that Sb,As,Cd,and Cr leached from the tailings more easily than Cu,Zn,and Pb under acidic conditions(pH=2.98).Geo-accumulation indices and potential ecological risk indices showed that Sb,As,Cd,and Pb were highly enriched in the tailings,whereas Cu,Cr,and Zn contents were relatively low.The single factor ecological risk index of the mining area showed that Sb and As are high ecological risk factors,whereas Cr,Cu,Zn,Cd,and Pb are not.The results of the orthogonal test results showed that by adding 15.0%(m/m)fly ash and 15.0%(m/m)zeolite powder to the quicklime and curing for 28 d,a significant stabilization effect was observed for Sb,As,and Pb.This study helps determine the priority control components for characteristic heavy metals in antimony tailings,and provides valuable insights regarding the formulation of appropriate mitigation strategies.

Pollution characteristics of the recent sediments in the Hangzhou section of the Grand Canal,China

Spatial distribution of heavy metals, arsenic and organic matter in recent sediments in the Hangzhou section of the Grand Canal and their relationships were analyzed. The results showed that the concentrations of heavy metals and organic matters varied widely along the canal, and the average geological accumulation factors decreased in the following orders: organic carbon(2.6), zinc(2.1), cadmium(2.0), copper(1.5), lead(1.1), nitrogen(0.9), mercury (0.8), phosphorus(0.4), arsenic(0.2) and chromium(0). Content of heavy metals and organic carbon in the top 10 cm layer were lower than that of lower layers, except for mercury and organic carbon in the S9 section. Contents of organic carbon in the top 50 cm layer of the mud sediments are significantly higher than those underneath. In the bottom mud layer, there is a concentration peak of the pollutants. In the mud sediments of the canal, cadmium mainly occurred in the Fe and Mn oxide fraction, copper in the organic fraction, lead in the Fe and Mn oxide fraction, and zinc in the carbonate and the Fe and Mn oxide fraction.

Assessment of heavy metals in sediment in a heavily polluted urban river in the Chaohu Basin, China

The Nanfei River （Anhui Province, China） is a severely polluted urban river that flows into Chaohu Lake. In the present study, sediments were collected from the river and analyzed for their heavy metal contents. Multivariate statistics and the fuzzy comprehensive assessment method were used to determine the sources of pollution, the current pollution status, and spatial and temporal variations in heavy metal pollution in sediments. The concentrations of arsenic （As）, cadmium （Cd）, chromium （Cr）, copper （Cu）, mercury （Hg）, nickel （Ni）, lead （Pb）, and zinc （Zn） in sediments ranged from 5.67-113, 0.08-40.2, 41.6-524, 15.5-460, 0.03-4.84, 13.5-180, 18.8-250, and 47.9-1 996 mg/kg, and the average concentrations of each metal were 1.7, 38.7, 1.8, 5.5, l 8.8, 1.3, 2.5, and 11.1 times greater than the background values, respectively. Multivariate statistical analysis demonstrated that Hg, Cu, Cr, Cd, and Ni may have originated from industrial activities, whereas As and Pb came from agricultural activities. The fuzzy comprehensive assessment method, based on the fuzzy mathematics theory, was used to obtain a detailed assessment of the sediment quality in the Nanfei River watershed. The results indicated that the pollution was moderate in the downstream tributaries of the Nianbu and Dianbu Rivers, but was severe in the main channel of the Nanfei River and in the upstream tributaries of the Sill and Banqiao Rivers. Therefore, sediments in the Nanfei River watershed are heavily polluted and urgent measures should be taken to remedy the status.

Accumulation Characteristics and Resistance to Heavy Metal Contamination of Agaricus bisporus Varieties in Shanxi Province,China

In order to evaluate the accumulation characteristics of heavy metals in the cultivars of Agaricus bisporus in Shanxi Province and to select the varieties with high resistances to heavy metal pollution, atomic absorption spectrophotometer and the atomic fluorescence spectrophotometer were used as the determination methods to compare the heavy metal contents and accumulation characteristics of 6 different varieties. The results showed that 3 heavy metal elements （lead, chromium and cadmium） were tested in the 6 varieties of A. bisporus , all of which were contaminated by heavy metals, but basically no beyond the national standards for food safety. In general, these varieties had less quality risk and could be eaten safely. The accumulation characteristics of heavy metals in these varieties were analyzed, and the varieties were screened according to the resistance to heavy metals pollution. The results showed that variety No. 1 and No. 6 were the varieties with strong comprehensive resistance to the 3 types of heavy metal pollution, and variety No. 3 was a species with weak comprehensive ability in resisting heavy metal pollution.

Heavy Metal Emission Characteristics of Urban Road Runoff

Pavement runoff sampling points were set up on the main roads of Chengdu city.Six rainfall-runoff events from July to September in 2017 were sampled by synchronous observation of rainfall,runoff and pollution.The concentration changes of copper,lead,zinc,chromium and cadmium in the runoff process were monitored,and the pollution emission regularity and initial scouring effect were studied.The results show that the emission regularity of pavement runoff pollution is closely related to rainfall characteristics and pollutant occurrence,and the concentration of dissolved heavy metals reaches its peak at the initial stage of runoff.The peak time of particulate heavy metal concentration lagged slightly behind that of rainfall intensity.There is a big difference between the strength of initial scouring degree and dissolved heavy metals the stronger the initial scouring degree of total heavy metals,the weaker the dissolved heavy metals.Reducing pavement runoff in the early stage of rainfall is an effective means to control heavy metal pollution.

Growth changes and tissues anatomical characteristics of giant reed(Arundo donax L.) in soil contaminated with arsenic,cadmium and lead

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to elucidate the growth changes and tissues anatomical characteristics of giant reed(Arundo donax L.),a perennial rhizomatous grass,which was cultivated for 70 d in soils contaminated with As,Cd and Pb.The results show that giant reed rapidly grows with big biomass of shoots in contaminated soil,possessing strong metal-tolerance with limited metal translocation from roots to shoots.When As,Cd and Pb concentrations in the soil are less than 254,76.1 and 1 552 mg/kg,respectively,plant height and dried biomass are slightly reduced,the accumulation of As,Cd and Pb in shoots of giant reed is low while metal concentration in roots is high,and the anatomical characteristics of stem tissues are thick and homogeneous according to SEM images.However,plant height and dried biomass are significantly reduced and metal concentration in plant shoots and roots are significantly increased(P<0.05),the stems images become heterogeneous and the secretion in vascular bundles increases significantly when As,Cd and Pb concentrations in the soil exceed 334,101 and 2 052 mg/kg,respectively.The giant reed is a promising,naturally occurring plant with strong metal-tolerance,which can be cultivated in soils contaminated with multiple metals for ecoremediation purposes.

Effects of a proline solution cover on the geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of high-sulfur coal gangue

Batch experiments tively evaluate the inhibition were conducted to compara- effects and mechanisms of a low-concentration （1%） proline solution cover on the release of pollutants from high-sulfur coal gangue. High- sulfur coal gangue was continuously immersed in a proline solution and in deionized water （as a control treatment） for 540 days. The results showed that the coal gangue in the control treatment was oxidized and generated leachate with poor water qualities, i.e., the leachate exhibited lower pH values, higher redox potential values, higher pollutant concentrations （804^2-, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn）, and high levels of acidophilic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. However, compared to the control treatment, the addition of the proline solution （1%） significantly improved the water quality of the leachate by significantly reducing the Eh values, the pollutant concentrations （804^2-, Fe^2＋, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn）, and the activity of acidophilic sulfur-oxidiz- ing bacteria and by significantly increasing the pH value to neutral. The proline treatment significantly inhibited the oxidation of coal gangue and the release of pollutants, mainly by inhibiting the activity of acidophilic sulfur-ox- idizing bacteria and by altering the heavy metal fractions and the mineralogical characteristics. Therefore, in engi- neering practice, workers should consider using an envi- ronmental friendly aqueous proline solution cover to achieve the in-situ control of pollutant releases from coal gangue dumps.

Soil Pollution along Kalwa Bridge at Thane Creek of Maharashtra, India

The present investigation deals with the assessment of pollution status along the wetland of Thane Creek, which has been subjected to a lot of pollution from the Asia’s biggest Thane—Belapur Industrial Complex located at the south of Mumbai harbor along the west coast of India. This paper advocates habitat conservation and ecological studies with special reference to the physico-chemical characteristics and heavy metal pollution in the soil along the creek area. In the present investigation, the pH, electrical conductivity, bulk density, alkalinity and chlorinity values recorded were observed to be high during dry seasons and low during rainy season. The soil samples were also analyzed for their heavy metal contents like nickel, zinc, cadmium, copper, iron, arsenic and mercury. It was observed that, the concentration of these heavy metals increases gradually in dry seasons, followed by sharp decrease during rainy season. These heavy metals have a marked effect on the aquatic flora and fauna which through bio magnification enter the food chain and ultimately affect the human beings as well. The present experimental data on heavy metal pollution in soil samples collected along Kalwa bridge of Thane Creek points out to the need of regular monitoring of water resources and further improvement in the industrial waste water treatment methods. If the present conditions continue for a long period, the creek may soon become ecologically inactive.

Study on the Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Varieties of Agaricus bisporus

The accumulation characteristics and resistance to heavy metal pollution of six varieties of Agar/cus b/spoms were studied. The results showed that arsenic, mercury and cadmium content could be detected in the six varieties, and all of the varieties were contaminated by heavy metals ,but they did not exceed the limits in the national standards for food safety. These varieties had a low quality risk and can be eaten safely. Varie-ties 1 and 6 were strongly resistant to the three kinds of heavy metals, while variety 4 was weakly resistant to heavy metal pollution.

Germination and Survival of Maize and Beans Seeds: Effects of Irrigation with NaCl and Heavy Metals Contaminated Water

Metal toxicity and soil salinity at excessive levels in soils are toxic to plants. The main objective of this study was to demonstrate the effects of water salinity (NaCl) and heavy metal concentration on germination and seedling characteristics of maize and beans seeds. Different concentrations of NaCl (0 to 35000 mg/L) and Zn2+, Cu2+ and Pb2+ with concentrations 0 to 600 μmol/L each were used separately. These solutions were used to irrigate maize and bean seeds for 30 days. Data was taken daily for the following parameters;“the number of germinated seeds, shoot length, shoot circumference, leaf area index, leaf colors, senescence, and disease occurrences.” The crops were uprooted at the end of the 30 days and their wet masses were measured and recorded. Results indicated that seed germination reduced with an increase in the concentration of NaCl for both maize and beans with 0% germination recorded in concentrations > 5000 mg/L. The same trends were observed for other parameters, the shoot length, the leaf area index, and the shoot circumference. “For heavy metals, the trends were similar. Beans growth was more affected by Zn and Cu but maize growth was more affected by Pb.” The dry masses and wet masses of the crops with higher concentrations of metals and salts were very low compared to the control experiments. For the effects of salinity and heavy metals on beans and maize seeds, there was a significant difference (P ≤ 0.001) between all tested concentrations and the control for all growth parameters monitored. It was concluded from the results that salinity and heavy metals affect the germination and seedling characteristics of maize and beans;though some metals are essential, their presence in higher concentrations instead cause harm.

上海市奉贤区农田土壤-农产品中的重金属含量特征和污染评价

为分析奉贤区农田土壤和农产品的重金属污染状况,采集粮田、菜田和果园3种作物的农田土壤及其对应农产品,分别测定土壤8种重金属元素(Hg、As、Cd、Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn和Ni)和农产品5种重金属元素(Pb、Cd、Cr、As和Hg)的含量特征,采用单项污染指数法、综合污染指数法、积累指数法和富集因子等方法对土壤-农产品中重金属元素进行污染风险评价,并将地统计学与因子分析相结合分析农田土壤重金属的空间分布特征。结果表明:与上海市土壤背景值相比,奉贤区农田土壤Hg、Cd、Cr、Zn和Ni的平均含量较高,分别是背景值的1.40、1.36、1.06、1.15倍和1.44倍。单项及综合污染指数值显示土壤重金属处于无污染水平;但Cd、Ni、Hg元素的积累指数值显示无-中度污染水平,其中有4.92%农田土壤处于Hg元素的中度污染。在空间分布上,Hg呈连片分布;As、Cd整体含量低,南北区域分布;Cr、Zn呈条带状分布,自南往北递增状态;Pb呈散点状分布;Cu元素整体含量高,呈东西梯度分布;Ni元素呈岛状分布。因子分析中,因子1包括Cu和Zn,因子2是Pb,因子3包括Cd、Cr,因子4是Ni,因子5是As和因子6是Hg。奉贤地区土壤重金属含量主要受到工业源、农业源、交通源和自然源影响较大,应加强污染源控制,降低风险水平。农产品样中的5种重金属均未超出标准限量值,单项及综合污染指数值显示农产品重金属属于清洁水平。经土样和农产品样中的重金属含量相关性分析,两者无相关,农产品对土壤重金属的富集因子较小。不同土地利用方式对土壤和农产品中重金属含量影响较大,菜地土壤和农产品对Cd较为敏感,吸收能力较强,而果园土壤和农产品对各重金属吸收总体较弱。在农业生产中可以根据作物吸收重金属特性来调整种植结构,以减轻重金属污染。综合来看,奉贤区土壤-农产品系统中重金属累积程度低,但局部农田土壤中重金属含量存在轻微污染,需引起重视。

农田土壤—小麦系统重金属迁移特征和风险评估

冬小麦是中国主要的粮食作物之一,本研究旨在探讨豫北典型农田土壤和小麦籽粒中重金属的富集特征及其潜在风险,为小麦种植及籽粒安全质量提供科学依据。采集了豫北典型农田的土壤和小麦籽粒样本,测定了其中的铁、锰、锌、铜、铬、镍等元素的含量,并对重金属的污染及其生态风险进行评价。结果表明,土壤中重金属元素铁、锰、锌、铜、铬、镍平均含量分别为11397.33、287.83、23.33、7.41、31.41、8.56 mg/kg;元素之间多数呈显著正相关关系;铜、锌、铬、镍单项污染评价和综合污染评价均为清洁无污染。小麦籽粒中重金属元素铁、锰、锌、铜、铬、镍平均含量分别为30.42、61.75、23.17、1.52、0.28、0.16 mg/kg;少数元素之间呈显著正相关关系。铁、锌、铜含量低于小麦可耐受最高含量,锰含量高于小麦可耐受最高含量;铬元素综合污染评价为轻度污染,镍元素污染评价为清洁无污染。土壤—小麦系统中重金属之间存在协同或拮抗作用,小麦籽粒对土壤重金属的富集系数表现为锌>锰>铜>镍>铬>铁。可得出结论豫北农田土壤重金属污染风险程度较低。

化工塑料厂遗留场地重金属与多环芳烃污染特征及评价

以辽宁省某化工塑料厂遗留场地为研究对象,分析了场地中0~14.0 m深度土壤重金属与PAHs的污染特征。采用单因子指数法与内梅罗综合污染指数法评估重金属污染水平,采用质量基准法评估PAHs的生态风险。结果表明:Pb主要分布于0~2.0 m层土壤,As在各深度土层均有广泛分布,5种高分子量PAHs(BaP、BaA、BbF、InP、DahA)均向深层土壤迁移;单因子指数及内梅罗综合污染指数显示,Pb与As在各层土壤均存在重度污染情况,污染分布特征与生产车间空间位置高度关联;质量基准法评价表明,场地东北部和西南部为无生态风险或低生态风险区,高冲车间、聚合车间及周边区域为中到高生态风险区。

安徽砀山梨园土壤重金属分布特征及污染评价

以安徽砀山梨园为研究区域,测定土壤重金属元素Cd、Hg、Cu、Zn、As、Pb、Cr含量,采用单因子污染指数法、Nemerow综合污染指数法和潜在生态危害指数法进行污染评价。砀山梨园土壤中Cd、Cu、Zn、As等重金属含量超过安徽省土壤背景值,Hg、Cr含量与背景值基本一致,Pb含量小于背景值;与国内其它地区果园相比,Cu含量较高,Cd、As和Cr含量适中,Hg、Zn和Pb含量较低。以安徽省土壤背景值为评价标准,Cd、Hg、Cu、Zn、As、Cr的单因子污染指数较高,污染比率均超过40%,Nemerow综合污染指数为1.54,达到轻度污染级别,综合潜在生态危害指数为中等潜在生态风险。以农用地土壤污染风险筛选值为评价标准,7种重金属元素单因子污染指数均小于1,Nemerow综合污染指数为0.33,属清洁未受污染水平,潜在生态危害整体表现为低潜在生态风险。

猪粪施用对农田土壤肥力及其特征重金属的影响

为探讨猪粪施用对农田土壤肥力的影响及其特征重金属的污染风险,对安徽省怀远县一家规模化养猪场的饲料、猪粪及周边农田土壤进行了采样分析,并以未施用猪粪的农田土壤作为对照,研究了施用猪粪后农田土壤相关指标的变化。结果表明,施加猪粪能够改善土壤理化性质,提高土壤肥力。施粪土的有机质、电导率和pH相较对照土显著升高,且土壤酶活性也有所提高。然而,由于猪饲料添加剂的使用,猪粪中的铜、锌含量分别是欧盟有机耕种标准的1.96倍和1.31倍,因此施用猪粪会显著增加土壤中铜、锌含量,甚至达到轻污染水平。曲线回归分析发现,当猪粪的施用量控制在15.58 t·hm^(-2)以下时,不会造成土壤重金属污染。

井冈蜜柚主产区土壤重金属污染特征及风险评价

为探明井冈蜜柚园土壤重金属污染特征及风险状况,采集江西省吉安市4个主产区18个具有代表性的井冈蜜柚园土壤样品,测定其土壤理化性质和重金属(Cd、Pb、As、Hg和Cr)含量,采用单因子、地累积和内梅罗综合污染指数(PN)评价其污染程度,并采用潜在生态风险指数(RI)评价其生态风险。结果表明,研究区土壤肥力呈中下水平,酸化严重,碱解氮较缺乏。0—20 cm土壤Cd、Pb、As、Hg和Cr平均含量为0.23、63.81、13.95、0.10和167.28 mg·kg^(-1),为背景值的2.30、1.99、1.35、1.25和3.49倍;20—40 cm平均含量为0.26、62.40、13.51、0.10和167.87 mg·kg^(-1),为背景值的2.60、1.94、1.31、1.25和3.50倍;不同深度重金属含量差异较小。单因子污染指数和地累积指数均表明研究区土壤Cr、Pb和Cd累积程度较为严重,其中Cd有11.11%的属于重度污染。以标准值为参比,研究区土壤重金属污染程度主要呈轻度污染,属低生态危害程度;以背景值为参比,研究区土壤主要为中、重度污染,属中等、强危害程度。相关性分析表明,土壤重金属Cr与Pb、As具有较好的同源性。冗余分析表明,土壤pH和有机质含量是影响井冈蜜柚土壤重金属变化的主要环境因子。总体上,研究区土壤重金属污染较轻,但部分果园存在土壤重金属超标和Cd、Cr和Pb的累积程度较严重的问题,果农和有关部门需引起重视,采取有效措施防范其生态风险。

西北某重工业区降尘重金属污染特征及源解析

为探究西北地区某重工业区典型气象下大气降尘重金属的污染特征及污染来源,作者采集研究区域内18个点位共54份有效降尘样品,分析了样品中重金属含量特征及空间分布特征,采用富集因子法和潜在生态风险指数法对研究区内重金属污染特征进行评估,并结合相关性分析和正定矩阵因子分析模型(PMF)解析了重金属污染来源。结果表明,采样期间研究区域内大气降尘中重金属Cd、Cr、Co、As、Mn、Ni、Cu、Pb、Zn的平均含量分别为118.05、931.69、20.53、905.29、1478.96、784.27、1012.10、3162.23和5751.61 mg/kg,均高于甘肃省土壤背景值;此外,空间污染特征上表现为工业区>城郊区>居民区的趋势,污染程度特征上表现为各功能区中从Cd、As、Pb、Ni、Cu和Zn的污染富集程度高,As、Cd和Co的潜在生态风险较大;重金属来源解析结果表明,大气降尘中重金属主要来源于土壤扬尘源(37.7%)、冶金工业源(31.2%)、工业加工混合源(13.5%)、交通源(10.1%)和燃煤源(7.6%)。

北京城区秋季不同高度积尘中微量元素污染特征及源解析

为研究北京市城区大气积尘中微量元素在不同高度下的污染特征及来源,于2021年9—11月采集了积尘样品,用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪ICP-MS(8800)分析了11种重金属元素(Mn、Zn、Cu、Cr、Pb、V、Ni、As、Co、Mo、Cd)和14种稀土元素,采用地累积指数法、富集因子法、配分模式图和主成分分析法对其进行污染特征和来源分析.结果表明,11种重金属元素的浓度从低层至中层逐渐升高,低层与高层浓度相差不大,Zn元素浓度从中层至高层呈上升趋势,在高层出现最大值584.3 mg·kg^(−1),而V、Mn、Ni、Cu等元素浓度从中层至高层降低,14种稀土元素浓度均在中层最低,其浓度在所有高度下均未超出环境背景值.地累积指数结果表明,Cd元素在中层污染最为严重,污染等级为4级,Zn元素在高层污染最为严重,污染等级为2级,而As、Mn、Mo、Co、V污染程度均为无污染,但相对于低层与高层,中层污染指数较高.通过富集因子、配分模式图和主成分分析结果显示,14种稀土元素来源为自然源,11种重金属元素来源为地壳源、交通源和燃烧源.

厦门集美杏林湾水库底泥重金属污染状况评价

为了研究厦门市集美区杏林湾水库底泥重金属污染状况,利用相关性分析、地积累指数法、潜在生态风险指数法和污染负荷指数法,对杏林湾水库底泥中重金属污染特征和生态风险进行评价。结果表明:底泥中Zn,Cu,Ni,Cr,Pb,Cd,Hg,As质量比平均值分别为270.00,76.94,38.88,88.38,48.13,0.41,0.07,3.85 mg·kg^(-1),除了As和Pb质量比平均值低于背景值外,Cd,Cu,Zn,Ni,Cr,Hg质量比平均值分别达到背景值的13.67,6.52,4.61,2.99,3.03,2.33倍;Zn,Cu和Cr变异系数均大于50%,尤其是Cu和Cr,变异系数均超过100%,其空间分布不均匀,受人为因素影响较大;Zn和Cu的质量比空间分布呈现沿水流方向逐渐减小的特征,Ni和Cr的质量比空间分布呈现从后溪汇入处至入海口处逐渐增加,从九天湖排洪渠和董任排洪渠交汇处至入海口处逐渐减小的特征,Pb,Hg,As的质量比空间分布较为均匀,Cd的质量比空间分布随着水流方向起伏较大;底泥中重金属污染主要来自周边人类活动排放和上游支流汇入;除Pb,As为无污染状态外,Zn,Cu,Ni,Cr,Cd和Hg均呈现不同程度的污染,且Cd的污染程度最高;杏林湾水库底泥重金属潜在生态风险整体处于强至很强之间。

冀北山区某有色多金属尾矿库周边农用地重金属污染特征与生态健康风险评价

为了解冀北山区有色金属尾矿库对周边农用地的重金属污染特征和生态健康风险,通过资料搜集和调研,最终确定一处具有代表性的金铅锌尾矿库及周边农用地作为研究区。针对研究区农用地进行了样品采集与测试分析工作,并总结了农用地重金属污染特征,同时通过重金属累积分析、潜在生态风险和人体健康风险3种评价方法,开展了农用地土壤重金属污染评价工作。主要研究结果如下:农用地表层土壤不同程度地受到Zn、Cu、Cd、Pb和As的污染较为严重,其中Cd、Pb、Zn和Cu表现为重度累积;农用地土壤重金属潜在生态危害处于极强的水平,应引起高度重视,重点关注重金属Cd、Pb和Hg;人体健康暴露风险方面,农用地土壤重金属非致癌与致癌暴露途径均应重点关注手口摄入,单元素非致癌与致癌日平均暴露量方面,均应重点关注Zn、Pb、Cu和Cr;人体健康儿童手口途径非致癌风险不可接受,单元素Pb和As手口途径非致癌风险指数分别为11.23和1.75,故应特别关注Pb和As手口途径对儿童的非致癌风险,成人手口途径非致癌风险也不可接受,重点关注单元素Pb手口途径对成人的非致癌风险;人体健康致癌风险方面,单元素Cd手口途径儿童与成人致癌风险不可接受,儿童单元素Cd手口途径致癌风险指数为3.38×10-4,成人Cd重金属手口途径致癌风险指数为1.63×10-4,故应特别重点关注研究区Cd手口途径对儿童与成人的致癌风险。总之,需要加强冀北山区有色重金属尾矿库周边农用地土壤的风险预警及相应管控工作,消除潜在的健康风险。