As a convenient passenger transit facility between floors with different heights, escalators have been extensively used in shopping malls, metro stations, airport terminals, etc. Compared with other vertical transit f...As a convenient passenger transit facility between floors with different heights, escalators have been extensively used in shopping malls, metro stations, airport terminals, etc. Compared with other vertical transit facilities including stairs and elevators, escalators usually have large transit capacity. It is expected to reduce pedestrian traveling time and thus improve the quality of pedestrian’s experiences especially in jamming conditions. However, it is noticed that pedestrians may present different movement patterns, e.g., queuing on each step of the escalator, walking on the left-side and meanwhile standing on the right-side of the escalator. These different patterns affect the actual escalator traffic volume and finally the passenger spatiotemporal distribution in different built environments. Thus, in the present study, a microscopic cellular automaton(CA) simulation model considering pedestrian movement behavior on escalators is built. Simulations are performed considering different pedestrian movement speeds, queuing modes, and segregation on escalators with different escalator speeds.The actual escalator capacities under different pedestrian movement patterns are investigated. It is found that walking on escalators will not always benefit escalator transit volume improvement, especially in jamming conditions.展开更多
Escalator is a vehicle related to people's daily life closely while it incurs safety problems frequently.Therefore,developing a new methodology for escalator safety assessment is very important.In this paper,the r...Escalator is a vehicle related to people's daily life closely while it incurs safety problems frequently.Therefore,developing a new methodology for escalator safety assessment is very important.In this paper,the related suitable risk analysis models for the escalator overturned accident were proposed on different risk management stages.Firstly,field of the escalator was surveyed and information was collected to identify the danger sources.Secondly,a safety assessment process was done for escalator risk evaluation.Then the dangerous levels were devised based on the LEC evaluation method.According to the results,targeted management measures suggestions and effective safety strategy were proposed finally to solve the escalator overturned problems.The practice has proven that the safety assessment method in this paper is convenient,efficient and effective,which helps to improve the elevators safety level in China and supports the government management.展开更多
Objective:Escalator signage could be playing a vital role to alert users for safe use of escalators.This study aimed to evaluate the availability,standardization,and content of safety information on escalator signage ...Objective:Escalator signage could be playing a vital role to alert users for safe use of escalators.This study aimed to evaluate the availability,standardization,and content of safety information on escalator signage in the shopping malls.Methods:An observational study was conducted from November 2017 to February 2018 to assess the availability,standardization of safety information among the signage inside the shopping mall,and the content of safety information for public safety in Malaysia.A checklist was developed by adapting escalator safety guidelines from seven countries and regions including Malaysia.Data collctors identified from the selected states were required to capture three photographs at different angles of the escalator signage for each ascending and descending directions at each entrance of the mall.Descriptive analysis was performed;each criterion was presented in frequency and percentage.Results:A total of 268 escalators from 84 shopping malls in 9 states of Malaysia were assessed.Two operating escalators were not equipped with signage.More than one-ifth(23.0%)of the signage was not standardized within the mall.The majority of safety information was displayed in the form of a pictogram,a minority of signage displayed information in both pictogram and text format:"children must hold hand"(12.7%)and"be careful of long clothing"(10.8%),respectively.Nevertheless,"toddlers should be carried"(8.6%)and"take extra care with rubber shoes/tied shoes/laces"(30.2%)were found absent in most of the signage.Conclusion:Escalator signage was present in almost all of the escalators observed.However,non-standardization of the signage of escalators should warrant the attention of relevant authorities to revise the safety guideline s and improve the quality of escalator.展开更多
A new method for quantity configuration of escalator linear profile in SAP system is proposed. This method is to create the calculation formula of the assembly length of escalator linear profile according to the chara...A new method for quantity configuration of escalator linear profile in SAP system is proposed. This method is to create the calculation formula of the assembly length of escalator linear profile according to the characteristic value of escalator, the requirements of assembly process and the technical specification of packaging and transportation,and then optimize the configuration method in SAP system. It avoids the waste caused by the SAP system configuration of 6 m long profile that needs to be cut to the actual length,which reduce the scrap rate of escalator assembly profiles. It provides an example to reduce manufacturing cost by improving the configuration in SAP system without change of assembly process.展开更多
While taking an escalator, which side do you habitually stand on? When you are in a hurry, do you walk on the escalator to save time? Most of the major cities in China follow the "stand-right, walk-left" mle...While taking an escalator, which side do you habitually stand on? When you are in a hurry, do you walk on the escalator to save time? Most of the major cities in China follow the "stand-right, walk-left" mle for escalators, that is to say, riders should stand on the right side and walk on the left side. Gradually, this rule has been followed by many people and has become the norm. In April this year, however, the Shang hai Metro released the latest version of its escalator instructions, which don't mention the "stand-right, walk-left" rule but, instead, prohibit walking on the escalators.This change disrupted the long-standing consensus and aroused heated discussion.展开更多
The reduction of fuel consumption in engines is always considered of vital importance.Along these lines,in this work,this goal was attained by optimizing the heavy-duty commercial vehicle engine control strategy.More ...The reduction of fuel consumption in engines is always considered of vital importance.Along these lines,in this work,this goal was attained by optimizing the heavy-duty commercial vehicle engine control strategy.More specifically,at first,a general first principles model for heavy-duty commercial vehicles and a transient fuel consumptionmodel for heavy-duty commercial vehicles were developed and the parameters were adjusted to fit the empirical data.The accuracy of the proposed modelwas demonstrated fromthe stage and the final results.Next,the control optimization problem resulting in low fuel consumption in heavy commercial vehicles was described,with minimal fuel usage as the optimization goal and throttle opening as the control variable.Then,a time-continuous engine management approach was assessed.Next,the factors that influence low fuel consumption in heavy-duty commercial vehicles were systematically examined.To reduce the computing complexity,the control strategies related to the time constraints of the engine were parametrized using three different methods.The most effective solution was obtained by applying a global optimization strategy because the constrained optimization problem was nonlinear.Finally,the effectiveness of the low-fuel consumption engine control strategy was demonstrated by comparing the simulated and field test results.展开更多
BACKGROUND Treatment of infantile-onset inflammatory bowel disease(IO-IBD)is often challenging due to its aggressive disease course and failure of standard therapies with a need for biologics.Secondary loss of respons...BACKGROUND Treatment of infantile-onset inflammatory bowel disease(IO-IBD)is often challenging due to its aggressive disease course and failure of standard therapies with a need for biologics.Secondary loss of response is frequently caused by the production of anti-drug antibodies,a well-known problem in IBD patients on biologic treatment.We present a case of IO-IBD treated with therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM)-guided high-dose anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy,in which dose escalation monitoring was used as a strategy to overcome anti-drug antibodies.CASE SUMMARY A 5-mo-old boy presented with a history of persistent hematochezia from the 10th d of life,as well as relapsing perianal abscess and growth failure.Hypoalbuminemia,anemia,and elevated inflammatory markers were also present.Endoscopic assessment revealed skip lesions with deep colic ulcerations,inflammatory anal sub-stenosis,and deep fissures with persistent abscess.A diagnosis of IO-IBD Crohn-like was made.The patient was initially treated with oral steroids and fistulotomy.After the perianal abscess healed,adalimumab(ADA)was administered with concomitant gradual tapering of steroids.Clinical and biochemical steroid-free remission was achieved with good trough levels.After 3 mo,antibodies to ADA(ATA)were found with undetectable trough levels;therefore,we optimized the therapy schedule,first administering 10 mg weekly and subsequently up to 20 mg weekly(2.8 mg/kg/dose).After 2 mo of high-dose treatment,ATA disappeared,with concomitant high trough levels and stable clinical and biochemical remission of the disease.CONCLUSION TDM-guided high-dose ADA treatment as a monotherapy overcame ATA production.This strategy could be a good alternative to combination therapy,especially in very young patients.展开更多
为准确识别乘客搭乘自动扶梯时的异常行为,避免安全事故的发生,提出了一种基于人体骨架的扶梯乘客异常行为识别方法。首先使用YOLOX-Tiny对视频中乘客位置进行检测,通过Alphapose算法提取骨骼关键点坐标,降低复杂背景的干扰;再使用多流...为准确识别乘客搭乘自动扶梯时的异常行为,避免安全事故的发生,提出了一种基于人体骨架的扶梯乘客异常行为识别方法。首先使用YOLOX-Tiny对视频中乘客位置进行检测,通过Alphapose算法提取骨骼关键点坐标,降低复杂背景的干扰;再使用多流膨胀3D卷积模块增强时空特征提取能力,聚合乘客骨架的全局特征;然后将其输入改进后的时空图卷积网络中提取乘客骨架信息,通过MS-TCN模块扩大接受域以增强时间特征的提取,联合人体关键点注意力模块(Key Point Attention Module,KPAM)提升网络对相似动作的关键骨架的关注度;最后通过Softmax对异常动作进行分类。采集扶梯运行现场视频制作数据集,试验结果表明,本文算法对乘客异常行为的识别精度达到96.1%,可应用于扶梯现场的视频监控系统,提高安全管理信息化水平。展开更多
A robust parameter identification method based on Kiencke model was proposed to solve the problem of the parameter identification accuracy being affected by the rail environment change and noise interference for heavy...A robust parameter identification method based on Kiencke model was proposed to solve the problem of the parameter identification accuracy being affected by the rail environment change and noise interference for heavy-duty trains. Firstly, a Kiencke stick-creep identification model was constructed, and the parameter identification task was transformed into a quadratic programming problem. Secondly, an iterative algorithm was constructed to solve the problem, into which a time-varying forgetting factor was added to track the change of the rail environment, and to solve the uncertainty problem of the wheel-rail environment. The Granger causality test was adopted to detect the interference, and then the weights of the current data were redistributed to solve the problem of noise interference in parameter identification. Finally, simulations were carried out and the results showed that the proposed method could track the change of the track environment in time, reduce the noise interference in the identification process, and effectively identify the adhesion performance parameters.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.71473207 and 71871189)the Research Grant Council of the Hong Kong Administrative Region,China(Grant No.CityU118909)the Open Fund of Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Rail Transit Line Safety and Disaster Prevention(Grant No.RRC201701)
文摘As a convenient passenger transit facility between floors with different heights, escalators have been extensively used in shopping malls, metro stations, airport terminals, etc. Compared with other vertical transit facilities including stairs and elevators, escalators usually have large transit capacity. It is expected to reduce pedestrian traveling time and thus improve the quality of pedestrian’s experiences especially in jamming conditions. However, it is noticed that pedestrians may present different movement patterns, e.g., queuing on each step of the escalator, walking on the left-side and meanwhile standing on the right-side of the escalator. These different patterns affect the actual escalator traffic volume and finally the passenger spatiotemporal distribution in different built environments. Thus, in the present study, a microscopic cellular automaton(CA) simulation model considering pedestrian movement behavior on escalators is built. Simulations are performed considering different pedestrian movement speeds, queuing modes, and segregation on escalators with different escalator speeds.The actual escalator capacities under different pedestrian movement patterns are investigated. It is found that walking on escalators will not always benefit escalator transit volume improvement, especially in jamming conditions.
文摘Escalator is a vehicle related to people's daily life closely while it incurs safety problems frequently.Therefore,developing a new methodology for escalator safety assessment is very important.In this paper,the related suitable risk analysis models for the escalator overturned accident were proposed on different risk management stages.Firstly,field of the escalator was surveyed and information was collected to identify the danger sources.Secondly,a safety assessment process was done for escalator risk evaluation.Then the dangerous levels were devised based on the LEC evaluation method.According to the results,targeted management measures suggestions and effective safety strategy were proposed finally to solve the escalator overturned problems.The practice has proven that the safety assessment method in this paper is convenient,efficient and effective,which helps to improve the elevators safety level in China and supports the government management.
文摘Objective:Escalator signage could be playing a vital role to alert users for safe use of escalators.This study aimed to evaluate the availability,standardization,and content of safety information on escalator signage in the shopping malls.Methods:An observational study was conducted from November 2017 to February 2018 to assess the availability,standardization of safety information among the signage inside the shopping mall,and the content of safety information for public safety in Malaysia.A checklist was developed by adapting escalator safety guidelines from seven countries and regions including Malaysia.Data collctors identified from the selected states were required to capture three photographs at different angles of the escalator signage for each ascending and descending directions at each entrance of the mall.Descriptive analysis was performed;each criterion was presented in frequency and percentage.Results:A total of 268 escalators from 84 shopping malls in 9 states of Malaysia were assessed.Two operating escalators were not equipped with signage.More than one-ifth(23.0%)of the signage was not standardized within the mall.The majority of safety information was displayed in the form of a pictogram,a minority of signage displayed information in both pictogram and text format:"children must hold hand"(12.7%)and"be careful of long clothing"(10.8%),respectively.Nevertheless,"toddlers should be carried"(8.6%)and"take extra care with rubber shoes/tied shoes/laces"(30.2%)were found absent in most of the signage.Conclusion:Escalator signage was present in almost all of the escalators observed.However,non-standardization of the signage of escalators should warrant the attention of relevant authorities to revise the safety guideline s and improve the quality of escalator.
文摘A new method for quantity configuration of escalator linear profile in SAP system is proposed. This method is to create the calculation formula of the assembly length of escalator linear profile according to the characteristic value of escalator, the requirements of assembly process and the technical specification of packaging and transportation,and then optimize the configuration method in SAP system. It avoids the waste caused by the SAP system configuration of 6 m long profile that needs to be cut to the actual length,which reduce the scrap rate of escalator assembly profiles. It provides an example to reduce manufacturing cost by improving the configuration in SAP system without change of assembly process.
文摘While taking an escalator, which side do you habitually stand on? When you are in a hurry, do you walk on the escalator to save time? Most of the major cities in China follow the "stand-right, walk-left" mle for escalators, that is to say, riders should stand on the right side and walk on the left side. Gradually, this rule has been followed by many people and has become the norm. In April this year, however, the Shang hai Metro released the latest version of its escalator instructions, which don't mention the "stand-right, walk-left" rule but, instead, prohibit walking on the escalators.This change disrupted the long-standing consensus and aroused heated discussion.
基金This work was supported in part by the Science and Technology Major Project of Guangxi under Grant AA22068001in part by the Key Research and Development Program of Guangxi AB21196029+3 种基金in part by the Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China 51965012in part by the Scientific Research and TechnologyDevelopment in Liuzhou 2022AAA0102,2021AAA0104 and 2021AAA0112in part by Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation and Extension Special Project of Jiangsu Province NJ2021-21,in part by the Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing System and Advanced Manufacturing Technology,in part by the Guilin University of Electronic Technology 20-065-40-004Zin part by the Innovation Project of GUET Graduate Education 2022YCXS017.
文摘The reduction of fuel consumption in engines is always considered of vital importance.Along these lines,in this work,this goal was attained by optimizing the heavy-duty commercial vehicle engine control strategy.More specifically,at first,a general first principles model for heavy-duty commercial vehicles and a transient fuel consumptionmodel for heavy-duty commercial vehicles were developed and the parameters were adjusted to fit the empirical data.The accuracy of the proposed modelwas demonstrated fromthe stage and the final results.Next,the control optimization problem resulting in low fuel consumption in heavy commercial vehicles was described,with minimal fuel usage as the optimization goal and throttle opening as the control variable.Then,a time-continuous engine management approach was assessed.Next,the factors that influence low fuel consumption in heavy-duty commercial vehicles were systematically examined.To reduce the computing complexity,the control strategies related to the time constraints of the engine were parametrized using three different methods.The most effective solution was obtained by applying a global optimization strategy because the constrained optimization problem was nonlinear.Finally,the effectiveness of the low-fuel consumption engine control strategy was demonstrated by comparing the simulated and field test results.
文摘BACKGROUND Treatment of infantile-onset inflammatory bowel disease(IO-IBD)is often challenging due to its aggressive disease course and failure of standard therapies with a need for biologics.Secondary loss of response is frequently caused by the production of anti-drug antibodies,a well-known problem in IBD patients on biologic treatment.We present a case of IO-IBD treated with therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM)-guided high-dose anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy,in which dose escalation monitoring was used as a strategy to overcome anti-drug antibodies.CASE SUMMARY A 5-mo-old boy presented with a history of persistent hematochezia from the 10th d of life,as well as relapsing perianal abscess and growth failure.Hypoalbuminemia,anemia,and elevated inflammatory markers were also present.Endoscopic assessment revealed skip lesions with deep colic ulcerations,inflammatory anal sub-stenosis,and deep fissures with persistent abscess.A diagnosis of IO-IBD Crohn-like was made.The patient was initially treated with oral steroids and fistulotomy.After the perianal abscess healed,adalimumab(ADA)was administered with concomitant gradual tapering of steroids.Clinical and biochemical steroid-free remission was achieved with good trough levels.After 3 mo,antibodies to ADA(ATA)were found with undetectable trough levels;therefore,we optimized the therapy schedule,first administering 10 mg weekly and subsequently up to 20 mg weekly(2.8 mg/kg/dose).After 2 mo of high-dose treatment,ATA disappeared,with concomitant high trough levels and stable clinical and biochemical remission of the disease.CONCLUSION TDM-guided high-dose ADA treatment as a monotherapy overcame ATA production.This strategy could be a good alternative to combination therapy,especially in very young patients.
文摘为准确识别乘客搭乘自动扶梯时的异常行为,避免安全事故的发生,提出了一种基于人体骨架的扶梯乘客异常行为识别方法。首先使用YOLOX-Tiny对视频中乘客位置进行检测,通过Alphapose算法提取骨骼关键点坐标,降低复杂背景的干扰;再使用多流膨胀3D卷积模块增强时空特征提取能力,聚合乘客骨架的全局特征;然后将其输入改进后的时空图卷积网络中提取乘客骨架信息,通过MS-TCN模块扩大接受域以增强时间特征的提取,联合人体关键点注意力模块(Key Point Attention Module,KPAM)提升网络对相似动作的关键骨架的关注度;最后通过Softmax对异常动作进行分类。采集扶梯运行现场视频制作数据集,试验结果表明,本文算法对乘客异常行为的识别精度达到96.1%,可应用于扶梯现场的视频监控系统,提高安全管理信息化水平。
文摘A robust parameter identification method based on Kiencke model was proposed to solve the problem of the parameter identification accuracy being affected by the rail environment change and noise interference for heavy-duty trains. Firstly, a Kiencke stick-creep identification model was constructed, and the parameter identification task was transformed into a quadratic programming problem. Secondly, an iterative algorithm was constructed to solve the problem, into which a time-varying forgetting factor was added to track the change of the rail environment, and to solve the uncertainty problem of the wheel-rail environment. The Granger causality test was adopted to detect the interference, and then the weights of the current data were redistributed to solve the problem of noise interference in parameter identification. Finally, simulations were carried out and the results showed that the proposed method could track the change of the track environment in time, reduce the noise interference in the identification process, and effectively identify the adhesion performance parameters.
