Simulation research on monomer agglomeration of nonmetallic inclusions in steel with a diffusion limited aggregation model

The monomer agglomeration of nonmetallic inclusions was simulated with a diffusion limited aggregation （DLA） model of the fractal theory. The simulation study with a random two-dimensional diffusion was carried out. The results indicate that the DLA model can be used for the simulation of agglomeration behavior of the cluster-type inclusions. The morphology of clusters was observed with SEM and compared with the simulated agglomerates. The modelling procedure of the DLA model is applicable for the agglomeration process. The uncertainty of agglomeration process and the persuasive average agglomerative ratio was analyzed. The factors about the agglomerative ratio with the collision path distance and the size of particles or seed were discussed. The adherence of the nonmetallic inclusions on the dam, the weir and the walls of a tundish, and the absorption of inclusions by stopper or nozzle were also discussed.

The height-width ratio limited value for rubber bearing isolated structure computed by uniform design method

Rubber isolation is the most mature control technology in practical application, and is widely used by short rigid buildings. However, many high isolation buildings have been built around the world in recent years, which do not follow the existing criterions and codes. Many researchers began to research the special problems caused by larger height-width ratio isolation structures. The overturning effect of high height-width ratio structures with rubber bearing is firstly studied. Considering the main factors, such as the height-width ratio of structures, type of site, the designed basic acceleration of ground motion and the decouple factor in horizon, computing experiment is defined with the Uniform Design Method, which is also known as designing isolation structure. The forces of the bearing under edge of structures based on the position of the rubber bearing are calculated. The result indicates that the rubber bearings will lose its functionality under very high tension and compressing force of earthquake motion in horizon and vertical, when the height-width ratio is over a certain value. Thus, based on the calculation result of isolation structures defined in the uniform design method, regression analysis is conducted, and also the rubber edge force regression formula are gotten, which has higher correlation and smaller standard deviation. This formula can be used to roughly calculate whether the pull force occurs at the edge of the building. By the edge bearings of isolation structure minimum force formula, the height-width ratio limited value of the isolation structure is deducted when rubber bearing has minimum force of zero.

Likelihood Ratio and Strong Limit Theorems for the Discrete Random Variable

This in virtue of the notion of likelihood ratio and the tool of moment generating function, the limit properties of the sequences of random discrete random variables are studied, and a class of strong deviation theorems which represented by inequalities between random variables and their expectation are obtained. As a result, we obtain some strong deviation theorems for Poisson distribution and binomial distribution.

Confidence limit calculation for antidotal potency ratio derived from lethal dose 50

AIM:To describe confidence interval calculation for antidotal potency ratios using bootstrap method.METHODS:We can easily adapt the nonparametric bootstrap method which was invented by Efron to construct confidence intervals in such situations like this.The bootstrap method is a resampling method in which the bootstrap samples are obtained by resampling from the original sample.RESULTS:The described confidence interval calculation using bootstrap method does not require the sampling distribution antidotal potency ratio.This can serve as a substantial help for toxicologists,who are directed to employ the Dixon up-and-down method with the application of lower number of animals to determine lethal dose 50 values for characterizing the investigated toxic molecules and eventually for characterizing the antidotal protections by the test antidotal systems.CONCLUSION:The described method can serve as a useful tool in various other applications.Simplicity ofthe method makes it easier to do the calculation using most of the programming software packages.

Bifurcation and Limit Cycle of a Ratio-dependent Predator-prey, System with Refuge on Prey

Influences of prey refuge on the dynamics of a predator-prey model with ratio-dependent functional response are investigated. The local and global stability of positive equilibrium of the system are considered. Theoretical analysis indicates that constant refuge leads to the system undergo supercritical Hopf bifurcation twice with the birth rate of prey species changing continuously.

California Bearing Ratio for Cohesive Soils from Quasi Static Cone Tests

The California bearing ratio (CBR) test is the most widely spread method of determining the bearing strength of the pavement material and is fundamental to pavement design practice in most countries. This test is expensive, laborious and time consuming, and to overcome this, Quasi static cone penetrometer machine was fabricated and used to measure the consistency limits (liquid limit-LL, Plastic limit-PL and Plasticity index-PI), which were used to develop an empirical equation to determine CBR. Soil samples were collected and unsoaked CBR, PL, LL and PI were determined according to BS 1377 part 9 and BS 1377-2;1990. Quasi static penetration forces at 20 mm depth of penetration were also determined at consistency limits. It was found that the force of 1020 gf and 60 gf was achieved at a depth of 20 mm at PI and LL respectively. The correlation and regression analysis between consistency limits, and the experimental CBR obtained showed coefficient of determination, R2 = 0.907 between CBR and all the parameters using multiple linear regression analysis (MLRA). The regression equation developed was used together with the relationship developed between the Quasi static Penetration force at consistency limits and the tested consistency limits to come up with the General Empirical Equation. Verification of the formula showed that the correlation can be used accurately to determine the un soaked CBR.

光伏发电系统容配比与功率限值整定方法

为在保证系统可靠运行的前提下实现光伏发电系统发电量最大化,提出一种以光伏发电系统度电成本为目标的容配比与变功率限值整定方法,分析容配比和变功率限值对光伏逆变器可靠性以及系统发电量的影响规律,建立考虑功率器件寿命的光伏发电系统容配比与功率限值参数优化整定模型,并利用启发式算法进行模型求解。最后,不同纬度地区的算例分析结果验证所提整定方法的有效性。

考虑硬化历史的圆筒形件二次拉深极限拉深比的解析模型

以圆筒形件二次拉深成形为例,基于主应力法和板料弯曲理论,考虑材料硬化历史、壁厚比t_(min)/t_(max)、凹模圆角半径和摩擦因数的影响,建立了一种预测圆筒形件二次拉深极限拉深比的解析模型,并对SUS304不锈钢板料进行了拉深试验验证。结果表明:解析模型的预测值与试验结果吻合较好;考虑硬化历史的解析模型与未考虑硬化历史的模型相比二次拉深极限拉深比相差约10%;摩擦因数、凹模圆角半径对二次拉深极限拉深比有显著影响,摩擦因数越大,二次拉深极限拉深比越小;凹模圆角半径越大,二次拉深极限拉深比越大。

不同性能水平下600 MPa级高强钢筋混凝土柱位移角限值研究

基于性能抗震设计思想的600 MPa级高强钢筋混凝土柱位移角限值研究,对于推广高强钢筋混凝土柱的应用至关重要。通过17根HTRB630高强钢筋混凝土柱试件和3根HRB400钢筋混凝土柱试件的拟静力试验研究了其抗震性能。与HRB400钢筋混凝土柱相比,HTRB630高强钢筋混凝土柱的滞回曲线的形状没有发生明显改变,试件具有较好的承载能力和延性。将基于Kunnath损伤模型计算的损伤指数与试验中测量的损伤指数范围进行了比较,结果表明,Kunnath损伤模型可以准确计算HTRB630高强钢筋混凝土柱的损伤指标。根据HTRB630高强钢筋混凝土柱的破坏特点,以屈服点、峰值点和极限点作为高强钢筋混凝土柱的性能水平控制点。基于性能抗震设计的思想,将600 MPa级高强钢筋混凝土柱的性能水平划分为5个性能水平,即正常使用、暂时使用、修复后使用、生命安全和接近倒塌性能水平。结合参考文献中600 MPa级高强钢筋混凝土柱的试验数据,对65个600 MPa级高强钢筋混凝土柱各特征点的位移角进行了相对频率统计分析,得到了600 MPa级高强钢筋混凝土柱在暂时使用、修复后使用和接近倒塌3个性能水平下具有超过90%安全保证率的位移角限值分别为1/150、1/80和1/60。

复合空间索对大跨度铁路悬索桥横向刚度影响的研究

为提升大跨度铁路悬索桥的横向刚度,提出一种由主、副斜拉索组成的复合空间索结构。然后,基于材料有效利用率和静力分析,对复合空间索的直径、主斜拉索在加劲梁和地表的锚点位置、副斜拉索的数量等参数进行了优化。最后,采用风-车-桥耦合振动分析法,基于行车性能得到了桥梁横向挠跨比限值,分析了主、副斜拉索对横向挠跨比限值提升率的影响。结果表明:基于材料有效利用率,主斜拉索与加劲梁的锚点位置宜设在1/4主跨附近,且主斜拉索的地表锚点、加劲梁锚点与桥塔的垂直距离相等时最优,每组复合空间索中副斜拉索设置1根即可;在复合空间索的最优布置形式下,桥梁横向挠跨比可降低14.18%,横向挠跨比限值可提升16.79%。

城镇化水平对投资率的影响研究

我国城镇化进入了减速期,未来城镇化水平提升空间有限,在城镇化与投资互为因果的情况下,如何维持合理的城镇化水平和投资率具有重要研究意义。建立城镇化率与投资率的理论模型,选择42个国家1980—2022年的面板数据,并引入杠杆率作为调节变量,研究城镇化率与投资率的关系,结果发现:(1)城镇化率与投资率之间存在显著的倒U型关系,在老龄化国家更为显著;(2)杠杆率是影响城镇化率与投资率之间倒U型关系的调节变量,在低杠杆和高杠杆、政府部门和非金融企业部门都十分显著。进一步提出中国城镇化率的上限在80%左右、投资率的下限在20%左右的政策建议,同时发挥杠杆率的调节作用,推进以人为核心的新型城镇化。

面齿轮轴间限滑差速器构型设计与性能分析

为解决现有轴间限滑差速器限滑能力有限、构型复杂且加工困难等问题,提出了一种新型的面齿轮轴间限滑差速器设计方案。对差速器构型原理和运动特性进行理论分析,建立了面齿轮轴间限滑差速器的力学平衡方程和锁紧系数理论模型;基于面齿轮加工成型原理和轴间差速器工作特性,设计搭建了三维实体模型和Adams虚拟样机模型,并利用Adams仿真软件进行了多体动力学分析。结果表明,面齿轮轴间限滑差速器对前后轴的锁紧系数分别可达到6.5和5;在良好路面行驶时,前后轴输出转矩与预设转矩分配比40∶60基本吻合;在双附着系数路面行驶时,可迅速锁紧打滑侧车轴并将转矩更多分配至未打滑侧车轴,实现转矩分配的自动调节,对前后轴的最大转矩分配分别可达73%和79%。结果验证了面齿轮轴间限滑差速器的可行性,为面齿轮轴间限滑差速器的设计应用提供了依据。

轴压荷载下装配式SCCT剪力墙钢板屈曲行为研究

为探究装配式SCCT剪力墙钢板屈曲机制及钢板屈曲对墙体轴压承载性能的影响,建立了考虑钢材初始缺陷的装配式SCCT剪力墙非线性数值分析模型,对模型受力机理及钢板临界屈曲应力进行了分析,并根据参数分析结果提出了钢板临界屈曲应力计算方法。结果表明:墙体承载力主要由管内混凝土承担,各部件间协同工作,应力及变形传递性能良好;当管外混凝土厚度大于20 mm、钢材初始缺陷低于1/1000时,二者对钢板临界屈曲应力影响可忽略不计;对于Q235和Q355常用钢,要求钢板不发生弹性屈曲的距厚比限值分别为44.9、36.6。

Concentrations of foliar and surface soil in nutrients Pinus spp. plantations in relation to species and stand age in Zhanggutai sandy land, northeast China

The concentrations of the foliar and surface soil nutrients and the variation with species and stand age were studied inPinus spp. plantations in Zhanggutai area, northeast China. The results showed that the total N, total P and C: N ratio of the soil inP. sylvestris var.mongolica stands were significantly higher in comparison with those inP. tabulaeformis andP. densiflora stands. ForP. sylvestris var.mongolica, the foliar P concentration appeared to decrease with age, and the foliar N and K concentrations did not show a consistent change with age. As for the different tree species of the similar age, the foliar N and P concentrations were significantly different (p<0.05), being withP. sylvestris var.mongolica>P. densiflora>P. tabulaeformis. The foliar N: P ratio ofP. densiflora significantly was higher thanP. sylvestris var.mongolica andP. tabulaeformis, while the foliar K was no obvious difference between the three tree species. There were significant correlation (p<0.05) between soil total N and P, soil organic matter and total P, foliar N and P, but it did not show significant correlations between soil and foliar nutrient concentrations, which might attribute to the excessive litter raking, overgrazing and low soil moisture in this area. Based on the foliar N: P ratio, we introduced a combination threshold index of N: P ratio with their absolute foliar nutrient concentrations to determine the possible limiting nutrient. According to the critical N: P ratio and their absolute foliar N, P concentrations, theP. sylvestris var.mongolica stands showed a decreased N limitation degree with age, theP. densiflora stands showed unlimited by N and P in the whole, and theP. tabulaeformis stands showed co-limited by N and P. No significant difference in soil nutrient concentrations of the surface soils was found between 45, 29, 20-yr-oldPinus sylvestris var.mongolica plantation stands. Keywords coniferous trees - foliar nutrient concentration - limiting nutrients - N - P ratio - Zhanggutai sandy land CLC number S718.55 Document code A Article ID 1007-662X(2004)01-0011-08 Foundation item: This research was supported by Key Knowledge Innovation Project (KZCX3-SW-418) of Chinese Academy of Sciences.Biography: CHEN Guang-sheng (1978-), male, master candidate in Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, P. R. ChinaResponsible editor: Song Funan

带T形钢翼缘的核心钢管混凝土组合柱轴压比限值研究

为了充分发挥带T形钢翼缘的核心钢管混凝土组合柱(T-CFST柱)的变形性能,保证柱在地震作用下能满足延性需求,通过理论推导和数值模拟,对T-CFST柱的延性和轴压比限值进行研究。基于大小偏心受压界限破坏建立了T-CFST柱的标准轴压比和设计轴压比计算公式,同时基于ABAQUS软件建立了T-CFST柱的精细化有限元模型,在验证有限元模型准确性的基础上,研究了高轴压比下不同影响因素对组合柱延性的影响,建议了不同含钢率、型钢强度、混凝土强度下组合柱的设计轴压比限值。结果表明:T-CFST柱延性随混凝土强度降低、截面含钢率降低、型钢强度提高、体积配箍率提高而提高;即使在较大轴压比时,柱的延性依然较好,T-CFST柱的轴压比限值在计算的基础上有所提高。

红黏土动剪切模量比与阻尼比概率分布特征研究

为探讨红黏土的动力学参数特征,揭示动剪切模量比与阻尼比在典型剪应变条件下的概率分布规律,本文以广西红黏土为研究对象,通过收集整理321组动力特性试验基础数据,给出了广西红黏土在典型剪应变条件下动剪切模量比与阻尼比随剪应变的试验推荐关系曲线,分析了不同概率水准条件下动剪切模量比和阻尼比的不确定性分布形态,并利用Boltzmann曲线给出了不同概率水准下动剪切模量比与阻尼比的上下限值及拟合公式。通过与前人给出的常规土类研究结果进行对比,初步揭示了红黏土动力特性与深度和剪应变的关系规律。研究表明:红黏土动剪切模量比、阻尼比在八组典型剪应变条件的上下限值随超越概率的变化呈现一定的规律,在数学形式上均满足Boltzmann方程。当剪应变在1×10^(-4)~1×10^(-3)时,动剪切模量比与阻尼比离散程度均达到最大。在同一剪应变条件下,随着超越概率的增大,红黏土动剪切模量比与阻尼比上下限之间的差距显著增大。

马尾松人工林异龄混交改造对土壤团聚体酶活性及酶化学计量比的影响

土壤酶活性及酶化学计量比是表征土壤养分限制状况和评估微生物养分需求的关键指标。因此,为探究马尾松(Pinus massoniana)人工林引入一种或多种阔叶树种异龄混交改造对土壤团聚体酶活性和酶化学计量比的影响及其响应机制,本研究以马尾松人工纯林(PP)、马尾松/红锥(Castanopsis hystrix)异龄混交林(MP)、马尾松/多树种异龄混交林(MMP)为研究对象,测定不同林分类型下原土和不同粒径土壤团聚体碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)循环相关的酶活性、土壤理化性质、微生物生物量等指标,分析它们之间的关系,并通过冗余分析(RDA)确定影响土壤酶活性及酶化学计量比的最主要因素。结果表明:①异龄混交改造显著改变了土壤酶活性,表现为MP和MMP均显著高于PP,但MP和MMP之间没有显著差异,且酶活性在微团聚体(<0.25 mm)中最高;②凋落物量、细根生物量、土壤理化性质、微生物生物量与酶活性、酶化学计量比均有不同程度的相关关系,冗余分析发现微生物生物量碳(MBC)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、微生物生物量磷(MBP)、微生物生物量碳磷比(MBC∶MBP)是影响土壤酶活性的主要驱动因子,而TN、MBC和硝态氮(NO_(3)^(-) N)是影响酶化学计量比的主要因子;③PP、MP和MMP土壤酶C∶N∶P自然对数比分别为1.20∶1.03∶1、1.17∶1.07∶1和1.16∶1.04∶1,表明3种林分的土壤微生物均对C需求较高,微生物生长代谢容易受C限制,而异龄混交改造能有效缓解林分土壤的C限制。综上,马尾松人工林引入阔叶树种可有效提高土壤酶活性,促进土壤养分循环和改善土壤质量,但在经营过程中需注意适当增施氮肥以维持其高效生产力和可持续发展。

基于非线性Hvorslev面的超固结土层隧道掌子面稳定性分析

受沉积历史的影响,天然土层通常表现出一定程度的超固结特性,对土体强度具有显著的影响。然而,传统分析方法无法直接反映土体的超固结特性对隧道掌子面极限支护力的影响。引入非线性Hvorslev面描述地层土体的强度特性,通过切线技术得到土体的等效的摩尔-库仑强度参数,将其应用在修正后的三维坍塌机制分析,得到了超固结比随深度变化的黏土层中隧道掌子面的极限支护力。通过将模型退化形式与经典的模型计算结果进行对比,验证了所提方法的合理性。超固结土层中隧道掌子面极限支护力σ_(c)与土层超固结比、隧道直径D、回弹曲线斜率κ*与压缩曲线斜率λ*之比κ*/λ*、孔隙水压系数r_(u)、侧压力系数K_(0)、隧道深径比C/D和临界状态应力比M等因素相关。计算结果表明,随着超固结比增大,掌子面坍塌范围和相应的极限支护力σ_(c)减小。当土体超固结比OCR不变时,σ_(c)与D、κ*/λ*和r_(u)呈正相关,而与K_(0)、C/D和M呈负相关。当土体超固结比较高时,σ_(c)受κ*/λ*的影响较为显著;当超固结比较低时,σ_(c)对C/D和K_(0)的敏感度较高。在超固结土层中设计隧道掌子面支护力时,应根据实际工况综合考虑土体的应力历史、超固结比、隧道尺寸和埋深等因素。

电网频率校正控制方法在高比例新能源电网的适应性

新能源出力由自然禀赋决定,在电力平衡约束下的高比例新能源电网运行方式调整范围逐渐增加,传统固定策略的频率校正控制方法失配风险不断提高。建立典型系统,给出了研究频率校正控制的电网运行场景域描述方法,计算了频率校正控制系统任一轮次适应的电网运行场景域。提出将控制量可整定的范围作为评价任一轮次适应性的指标,使用多个轮次的最小可整定范围评价频率校正控制系统的适应性。利用实际电网参数建立分析模型,计算频率校正控制系统适应的极限新能源接入比例。传统频率校正控制方法难以适应新能源比例高的场景,亟需新型控制方法。

Zr_(61)Ti_(2)Cu_(25)Al_(12)非晶态合金在四点弯曲加载模式下的弯曲弹性极限

按照当前金属材料弯曲性能测试标准中推荐的跨厚比设计Zr_(61)Ti_(2)Cu_(25)Al_(12)非晶态合金的弯曲试验,试样将发生大挠度弹性变形。经过推导证明,弯曲试样不发生大挠度弹性变形的跨厚比上限取决于材料的弹性应变极限,锆基非晶态合金的弹性应变极限为2%,在四点1/4弯曲模式下不发生大挠度弹性变形的跨厚比上限值为22。在保证小挠度变形的前提下,通过四点弯曲循环加载-卸载试验,Zr_(61)Ti_(2)Cu_(25)Al_(12)合金试样最外表层发生初始剪切变形所对应的弯曲屈服应力约为1760 MPa,产生0.01%残余应变所对应的弯曲弹性极限σ_(p0.01)为2040 MPa。