The height-width ratio limited value for rubber bearing isolated structure computed by uniform design method

Rubber isolation is the most mature control technology in practical application, and is widely used by short rigid buildings. However, many high isolation buildings have been built around the world in recent years, which do not follow the existing criterions and codes. Many researchers began to research the special problems caused by larger height-width ratio isolation structures. The overturning effect of high height-width ratio structures with rubber bearing is firstly studied. Considering the main factors, such as the height-width ratio of structures, type of site, the designed basic acceleration of ground motion and the decouple factor in horizon, computing experiment is defined with the Uniform Design Method, which is also known as designing isolation structure. The forces of the bearing under edge of structures based on the position of the rubber bearing are calculated. The result indicates that the rubber bearings will lose its functionality under very high tension and compressing force of earthquake motion in horizon and vertical, when the height-width ratio is over a certain value. Thus, based on the calculation result of isolation structures defined in the uniform design method, regression analysis is conducted, and also the rubber edge force regression formula are gotten, which has higher correlation and smaller standard deviation. This formula can be used to roughly calculate whether the pull force occurs at the edge of the building. By the edge bearings of isolation structure minimum force formula, the height-width ratio limited value of the isolation structure is deducted when rubber bearing has minimum force of zero.

CARBON EMISSION-BASED MEASUREMENT OF FLOOR AREA RATIO BONUS FOR RESIDENTIAL GREEN BUILDINGS IN CHINA

Green building development in China relies mainly on compulsory measures that lack incentive policies to motivate the enthusiasm of real estate developers.A floor area ratio bonus is encouraged by the Chinese State Council.In order to ensure the feasibility of a reward quota,residential buildings that met the requirement for energy efficiency during the official assessment in Ningbo in 2014 were selected as research objects.The amount of energy and water savings in terms of the Assessment Standard for Green Building is converted into carbon emissions.Carbon emissions of different star-rated green buildings are then measured in accordance with the actual water and power consumption of residential dwellings in 2014.A regression equation is set up concerning the floor area ratio and index for residential land per capita.A carbon emission-based method is proposed for measuring the reward quota associated with floor area ratio and recommendations are given for development using green building.

Test and Analysis of the Sound Insulation Performance of Four Types of Timber Structure Floors under Jumping Excitation

To improve the impact sound insulation performance of building floors and meet the objective requirements for living comfort of residents,in this article,three kinds of elastic cushion materials,Portuguese cork board,BGL insulation sound insulation foam board,and EPP polypropylene plastic foam board,are applied to the sound insulation of a light frame wood floor structure of the same bedroom and compared to the ordinary floor.This study uses the transfer function method and transient excitation method to measure the sound insulation,damping ratio,and elastic modulus of materials,as well as the sound insulation of the floor under the jumping excitation method of daily behavior.Through comparative analysis,the results and factors of improving the sound insulation performance of the floor are obtained,according to which three types of elastic cushion materials and the floor covering composed of them have higher vibration and noise reduction performance.Among them,the overall sound insulation performance of BGL board floor is the highest,followed by EPP board and cork board floor,and ordinary OSB floor is the lowest.Under the jumping excitation method,three floating floors can improve the impact sound insulation performance of the middle and low-frequency bands.

Initial Stable State of Ocean Floor Deposits

Extensive oedometer tests and physical tests have been conducted on remolded and reconstituted marine soils with different initial water contents and liquid limits. The oedometer test data can be well fitted with a straight line in the bilogarithmic ln(1+ e ) ～ lg p plot. The initial effective stress corresponding to the initial void ratio is determined by extrapolation of the bilogarithmic compression line. This new way of extrapolating oedometer test data to the initial void ratio overcomes the difficulty of measuring the residual effective stress of soils in the remolded state. The initial stable compression line of ocean floor deposits under different deposition environments corresponds to the compression line at the sensitivity equal to one. This initial stable compression line obtained in this study is consistent with the available compression line at the sensitivity equal to one which is proposed based on the experimental data of remolded undrained strength and the theoretical concept of Cam clay critical state line.

Effect of Visual Stimuli of Indoor Floor Plants upon the Human Responses

The biophilia hypothesis maintains that animals, which bring benefits for human survival, evolve adaptively to cause a positive emotional response or actions in the human evolution process. When connected in an advantageous environment for survival, effective relaxation and recovery from fatigue are brought about as further physiological functions, rather than a simple stress-free situation. The aim of this study is to clarify the significance of the visual stimulation of indoor floor plants placed in an office floor space. We examined how the green covering factor and gaze distance to indoor floor plants placed on the floor influenced thermal sensation. The thermal environment conditions were set at 3 levels, 25°C, 28°C, and 31°C and the floor and air temperature were homogenous. We set up 8 office floor plans that had no visual stimulation and used indoor floor plants including pachira, monstera, butterfly palm, yucca elephantipes, weeping fig, umbellate, and snake plant for a visual stimulation. The gaze distance, measured from the center of the subject presented with a visual stimulation and the center of the plant, was set at 3 distances: 2.0, 4.5 and 8.0 m. When the conduction-corrected modified effective temperature (ETF) was below 26°C, the visual stimulation of the indoor floor plants umbellata and monstera, which have a silhouette with low leaf density and rounded leaves, were shown to mitigate the sensation of being cool. The visual stimulation of indoor floor plants with rounded leaves, such as, pachira, monstera, weeping fig, and umbellata, were shown to decrease the feeling of discomfort. For a gaze distance below 4.5 m, a green covering accounting for less than 5% was shown to be necessary for mitigating the sensation of being cool and improving the feeling of discomfort.

Effects of geometric configuration on droplet generation in Y-junctions and anti-Y-junctions microchannels

Droplets generation in Y-junctions and anti-Yjunctions microchannels are experimentally studied using a high speed digital microscopic system and numerical simulation.Geometric configuration of a microchannel,such as Y-angle（90°,135°,-90° and-135°）,channel depth and other factors have been taken into consideration.It is found that droplets generated in anti-Y-junctions have a smaller size and a shorter generation cycle compared with those in Yjunctions under the same experimental conditions.Through observing the internal velocity field,the vortex appearing in continuous phase in anti-Y-junctions is one of the key factors for the difference of droplet size and generation cycle.It is found that droplet size is bigger and generation cycle is longer when the absolute angle value of the intersection between the continuous and the dispersed phases（i.e.,the angle between the main channel and the continuous phase or the dispersed phase channel） increases.The droplet＇s size is influenced by the Y-angle,which varies with the channel depth in Y-junctions.The Y-angle has a positive effect on the droplet generation cycle,but a smaller height-width ratio will enhance the impact of a continuous and dispersed phase＇s intersection angle on the droplet generation cycle in Y-junctions microchannels.

Quantitative &Qualitative Regulation of Peripheral Leukocyte Subsets plus Emotional Hormones by Floor Heating

A floor heating system is a traditionary famous in Asian countries, especially in North East of China and Korea. In this report, we intended to clarify the effect of floor hating system for accessing a peripheral leukocyte regulation in winter season by evidence-based manner more than VAS. We set up two different office rooms heat-controlled by floor heating and air-conditioned by ceiling electric heater. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches determine which are better therapeutic effective recipes for this trial. The elements were evaluated by the total number of peripheral leukocyte, granulocyte and lymphocyte ratio and lymphocyte subsets. For 5 days of working in each conditioned room, the volunteers were changed the room after one-week interval for cooling down. Floor heating system regulated total number of peripheral leukocyte. The mode of the action for the high number of the volunteer was down-regulated. On the contrary, in lower numbers it was up-regulated after the trial. The number of leukocyte subsets, granulocyte and lymphocyte were also regulated by dose dependent manner. Emotional hormone, adrenalin, cortisone and nor-adrenaline were down regulated by floor heating but dopamine was up-regulated by this heating system. The reversal results were obtained by the group who worked in the conditioned room by the system heating from ceiling.

高容积率小学建筑交通空间寻路认知研究

高容积率校园作为目前城市发展中重要的小学校园形式,用以缓解当下义务教育阶段学位的供需矛盾,从而进一步推动教育公平的实现。超高的建筑容积率作为这种校园类型的主要特征,会对学龄儿童的行为举止、心理情绪等造成巨大影响。选取红岭实验小学和坪山实验学校作为校园案例,并建构适合于学龄儿童的三维虚拟模型,通过寻路实验的方式获取儿童的寻路行为和空间认知的特征,总结提炼出影响儿童认知的交通空间要素,以期为同类高容积率小学交通空间的优化提供理论支持与参考。

城市轨道交通对容积率影响的定量分析——以东京为例

以东京为例研究城市轨道交通对容积率影响的定量关系,可为我国城市轨道交通站区土地资源的合理配置与优化利用提供指导依据。选取区位、建筑类型、到车站距离、地价作为影响地块容积率的因素,并构建了带交互项的线性回归模型进行分析。p值检验结果表明带交互项模型更适用。研究显示“到车站距离”对商业建筑容积率的影响大于居住建筑,商业建筑“核心区”与“到车站距离”间交互影响程度最大,居住建筑“市区”与“到车站距离”间交互影响程度大于郊区。研究结果为调整国内城市轨道交通站区商业建筑物布局,优化城市核心区轨道交通站点周边商业建筑物容积率及调控城市市区与郊区轨道交通站点周边居住建筑物差异化规划提供依据。

煤层底板注浆水泥基浆液稳定性特征试验

为了研究水泥基浆液的稳定性和析水变化规律,开展了不同水固比和粉煤灰掺量条件下的浆液配比试验,获得了浆液特性、最终析水时间和析水厚度等参数,分析了温度对浆液稳定性的影响及不同稳定性浆液的力学强度特征,绘制了浆液析水厚度生长曲线,阐明了浆液稳定性和析水动态变化规律。结果表明,水固比是影响浆液稳定性的主要因素,随着水固比由3∶1降至1∶1,浆液析水时间延长40%~62%,浆液稳定性显著增强。变固相比情况下,浆液各性能参数变化相对较缓。粉煤灰的掺入使浆液析水时间延长1.72%~17.00%,提升了浆液黏度、结石率和稳定性,但力学强度明显降低。温度的升高促进了浆液的析水过程,使浆液稳定性略有下降。浆液析水速率呈现前期增长较快,中期增长变缓,后期趋于稳定的半“C”形时变特征。工程实践显示注浆过程中动态调整浆液配比可改善浆液稳定性,提高地层受注性,降低了工作面突水风险,为煤层底板注浆治理工程提供了技术参考。

某部分框支剪力墙结构等效刚度比控制分析

转换层下部结构刚度对部分框支剪力墙结构的竖向刚度规则性和地震剪力传递突变程度有较大影响,等效刚度比是衡量转换层下部结构相对刚度的重要设计指标。本文对8度区某部分框支剪力墙结构等效刚度比的控制进行分析讨论。首先,通过转换层下部结构高度线性插值对等效刚度比进行修正,其次,通过调整转换层层高和转换层下部结构剪力墙厚度两种方式,分析不同等效刚度比对结构整体指标、构件受力和结构整体抗震性能的影响。结果表明,等效刚度比越大,转换层与其上一层的层间位移角比和有害层间位移角比越小,等效刚度比小于1.0时,转换层与其上一层的有害位移角比突变增大;设置转换层对转换层以上3层的地震剪力分配产生了较大影响;框支框架的相对刚度比越大,水平力传递突变程度越小;随着等效刚度比增加,结构主要屈服部位由结构底部转移至转换层以上部位。

基于遗传算法的剪力墙结构设计优化方法

剪力墙结构体系的高层结构容易出现剪力墙偏心布置的问题,同时引起其在水平作用下抗扭性能不足的问题。通过分析遗传算法的优点及适用性,确定采用遗传算法以实现对剪力墙抗扭性能优化问题。具体讨论了基于遗传算法的优化方法条件的设定,并阐述了基于遗传算法对剪力墙优化的具体步骤。以某工程项目建筑结构作为模型算例,对其简化模型进行基于遗传算法的400代迭代优化,并对优化后的原建筑模型进行验证。结果表明基于遗传算法对剪力墙结构的优化效果良好,优化后的剪力墙结构在水平荷载作用与扭转作用下楼层位移比能得到有效的降低,证明了基于遗传算法对高层剪力墙结构优化的可行性。

某高层剪力墙住宅装配式设计与研究

为了推动装配式建筑高质量发展,江苏省制定多个相关地方标准,多个城市在项目用地条件中明确装配式建筑指标。文章以南京市某住宅项目为例,依据国家、行业、省、市规范、标准等要求,详细阐述了装配整体式剪力墙住宅装配式策划方案。装配式策划方案主要采用预制剪力墙、预制叠合板、预制楼梯、预制内隔墙板、全装修、干式铺装、BIM策划、标准化设计等技术,并对预制外墙板、厨房、卫生间防水构造等关键节点进行分析。

攀西地区高钛高炉渣制备地坪耐磨层砂浆的试验研究

为实现高钛高炉渣产品多样化、加快其综合利用,利用攀西地区高钛高炉渣制备水泥基耐磨地坪砂浆,并对其强度、耐磨度和表面强度进行测试研究。研究结果表明:所制备的砂浆7、28 d的抗压强度分别为91.2 MPa和110.3 MPa,抗折强度分别为12.6 MPa和14.8 MPa;耐磨度比为441%,表面压痕直径为2.36 mm。试验结果均远优于行业标准中规定的技术指标,验证了攀西地区高钛高炉渣用作地坪耐磨骨料的可行性。

复杂地应力环境下隧道底鼓处治技术研究

西南地区某隧道仰拱出现底鼓病害,道床开裂变形严重,底鼓速率快,运营安全隐患高。为安全高效处治运营线路无砟轨道隧道底鼓病害问题,采用现场调查、探孔验证、地质补勘等方式,对既有隧道结构现状、病害成因进行了调查,优选了处置方案。结果表明:(1)通过对病害发育程度、地下水情况、混凝土状态、围岩地应力、结构变形等因素的综合分析,得出复杂地应力环境下缓倾软弱岩层与地下水的相互作用是造成该隧道上拱的主要原因;(2)对隧底注浆加固、隧底微型桩、隧底桩筏结构、道床抗拉锚杆(索)及隧底拆换并加深加强结构等方案进行比选,确定采用增大矢跨比、隧底加深加强的拆换重构方案;(3)在施工过程中加强应急管理,根据沉降观测、应力监测、隧底围岩位移监测等数据分析,及时优化调整设计方案,整治完成后效果良好。研究成果可供后续工程借鉴和参考。

国内外规范“强柱弱梁”屈服机制分析与对比

对广东省地方标准DBJ/T15—92—2021《高层建筑混凝土结构技术规程》、我国GB50011—2010《建筑抗震设计规范》以及美、欧、日规范关于混凝土框架结构“强柱弱梁”的设计规定进行介绍,从柱端弯矩增大系数、楼板作用等各规范关于“强柱弱梁”规定的差异进行比较,指出广东《高规》在内力调整措施上与其他规范不同,在抗震性能设计中通过构件重要性系数和承载力利用系数实现结构“强柱弱梁”屈服机制,更容易调整超强地震下引人的柱梁安全系数比指标,并给出框架梁端翼缘宽度范围内楼板钢筋的具体规定,减少梁配筋量。基于各规范设计规定,结合Pushover分析及动力弹塑性分析以6层RC框架结构作为对象进行计算分析,对梁柱钢筋用量、柱梁安全系数比、梁柱损伤及耗能情况等进行综合比较,分析RC框架结构各规范关于“强柱弱梁”规定的效果,该算例广东《高规》的柱配筋量、柱梁安全系数比较大,在实现“强柱弱梁”屈服机制方面效果较好。

1949年以来兰州城市资本密度空间变化及其机制

构建了计划经济体制和中国转型期城市资本密度空间分布理论模型,并以兰州市为例进行了实证。利用高精度卫星影象和大规模实地调查方法获取数据,采用GIS手段和数理统计方法,利用建筑高度指标,分区、分行业对兰州城市资本密度空间变化进行了深入研究。同时,采用资本存量增量(或增长率)/建成区面积增量(或增长率)的指标衡量资本角度的城市紧凑化程度,研究了城市紧凑化变动过程。结果表明:①中国计划经济体制下的城市资本空间密度为缓慢波动下降或均衡分布规律,甚至出现上升趋势。转轨期(中国)城市资本空间密度由中心到外围的相应规律则居于两者之间,存在向市场经济空间模型靠近的趋势;②中国城市计划经济体制下的用地空间由中心到外围呈现商务→住宅→工业→农业的模式,而转轨期依然基本保留了此特征;③转轨期的建筑高度提高速度存在加速趋势,住宅、商业、办公等类建筑高度明显高于计划时期,其空间分布模型也更接近市场经济体制模型;④从资本视角审视,中国城市将更加紧凑化,且随时间的推移,城市资本密度空间变化曲线大致存在较为明显的"雁行波动上升式"规律。

基于QuickBird的城市建筑景观格局梯度分析

研究城市建筑景观的梯度变化特征,对城市规划与管理的合理调整有着重要的意义。应用QuickBird影像,基于Barista软件提取了建筑物三维信息,采用建筑平均高度、建筑密度、容积率、建筑高度标准差、建筑体形系数等指标,结合梯度分析法研究了铁西区建筑景观格局的梯度变化。结果表明:从1997到2008年,低层与多层建筑是主要的建筑景观组分,平房与低层建筑占地面积比重显著下降,多层、中高层与高层建筑比重上升。建筑平均高度、容积率与建筑高度标准差逐年上升,建筑密度、建筑体形系数与景观形状指数下降。建筑向垂直方向扩展,建筑能耗降低,形状更加规则。建筑景观的梯度变化与距市中心距离的远近没有关系,与区域功能相关,商业区建筑平均高度与容积率最高,政府所在地范围内建筑密度最大。

基于高分辨率遥感影像的城市建筑密度和容积率提取方法研究

尝试利用QuickBird高分辨率卫星影像上的阴影来提取建筑物高度信息,并将其应用于计算城市建筑密度和容积率的领域中,探索一种快速、有效的估算建筑密度和容积率的方法。以重庆市渝中区为例,计算该区域的建筑密度和容积率。通过对该区建筑密度和容积率计算结果的对比,发现城市规划格局受经济影响非常大,渝中区的总体规律是:经济水平高、容积率高、建筑密度小,反之亦然。这一结果可以为研究区域的规划、土地利用提供参考信息。最后本文以楼层数为单位进行实地抽样验证,计算结果的准确率达到88.3%。表明高分辨率遥感影像在获取城市建筑密度和容积率方面有巨大的潜力。

轨道交通TOD开发密度分区构建及容积率确定——以深圳市轨道交通3号线为例

为满足轨道交通站点周边土地开发的需要、形成TOD的发展格局,从站点类型和开发圈层两个层面构建站点周边土地开发的密度分区制度,制定一套适用于不同类别地区的开发强度标准,作为土地开发容积率的控制准则。依据车站功能定位将车站划分为综合站点和一般站点两种发展区域类型;利用非参数统计学的局部线性回归法对地价和地块距站点距离两个参量进行拟合,确定轨道交通影响半径,进而将站点周边划分为三个圈层,300m以内为高密度复合开发区,300～600m之间为中密度开发区,600～1000m之间为低密度开发区,开发强度随用地与车站距离的增加而递减,商业开发应尽量建于核心圈层。应用经济学原理分析土地开发强度与开发利润的关系,分析结果表明,存在使土地开发利润最大的最佳容积率;以政府利润最大化为优化目标,构建土地开发强度优化模型,并进行敏感性分析;利用深圳市轨道交通3号线沿线住宅售价和建造成本测算了各密度分区的最佳开发强度。