Application of pseudo-random frequency domain electromagnetic method in mining areas with strong interferences

Due to the strong electromagnetic interferences and human interference,traditional electromagnetic methods cannot obtain high quality resistivity data of mineral deposits in Chinese mines.The wide field electromagnetic method(WFEM),in which the pseudo-random signal is taken as the transmitter source,can extract high quality resistivity data in areas with sever interference by only measuring the electric field component.We use the WFEM to extract the resistivity information of the Dongguashan mine in southeast China.Compared with the audio magnetotelluric(AMT)method,and the controlled source audio-frequency magnetotelluric(CSAMT) method,the WFEM can obtain data with higher quality and simpler operations.The inversion results indicate that the WFEM can accurately identify the location of the main ore-body,which can be used for deep mine exploration in areas with strong interference.

Prediction study of hydrocarbon reservoir based on time-frequency domain electromagnetic technique taking Ili Basin as an example

The time-frequency domain electromagnetic(TFEM)sounding technique can directly detect oil and gas characteristics through anomalies in resistivity and polarizability.In recent years,it has made some breakthroughs in hydrocarbon detection.TFEM was applied to predict the petroliferous property of the Ili Basin.In accordance with the geological structure characteristics of the study area,a two-dimensional layered medium model was constructed and forward modeling was performed.We used the forward-modeling results to guide fi eld construction and ensure the quality of the fi eld data collection.We used the model inversion results to identify and distinguish the resolution of the geoelectric information and provide a reliable basis for data processing.On the basis of our results,key technologies such as 2D resistivity tomography imaging inversion and polarimetric constrained inversion were developed,and we obtained abundant geological and geophysical information.The characteristics of the TFEM anomalies of the hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Ili Basin were summarized through an analysis of the electrical logging data in the study area.Moreover,the oil-gas properties of the Permian and Triassic layers were predicted,and the next favorable exploration targets were optimized.

Fast measurement and prediction method for electromagnetic susceptibility of receiver

Aiming at evaluating and predicting rapidly and accurately a high sensitivity receiver’s adaptability in complex electromagnetic environments,a novel testing and prediction method based on dual-channel multi-frequency is proposed to improve the traditional two-tone test.Firstly,two signal generators are used to generate signals at the radio frequency(RF)by frequency scanning,and then a rapid measurement at the intermediate frequency(IF)output port is carried out to obtain a huge amount of sample data for the subsequent analysis.Secondly,the IF output response data are modeled and analyzed to construct the linear and nonlinear response constraint equations in the frequency domain and prediction models in the power domain,which provide the theoretical criteria for interpreting and predicting electromagnetic susceptibility(EMS)of the receiver.An experiment performed on a radar receiver confirms the reliability of the method proposed in this paper.It shows that the interference of each harmonic frequency and each order to the receiver can be identified and predicted with the sensitivity model.Based on this,fast and comprehensive evaluation and prediction of the receiver’s EMS in complex environment can be efficiently realized.

2.5-D modeling of cross-hole electromagnetic measurement by nite element method

A finite element method is developed for simulating frequency domain electromagnetic responses due to a dipole source in the 2-D conductive structures. Computing costs are considerably minimized by reducing the full three-dimensional problem to a series of two-dimensional problems. This is accomplished by transforming the problem into y-wave number （Ky） domain using Fourier transform and the y-axis is parallel to the structural strike. In the Ky domain, two coupled partial differential equations for magnetic field Hy and electric field Ey are derived. For a specific value of Ky, the coupled equations are solved by the finite element method with isoparametric elements in the x-z plane. Application of the inverse Fourier transform to the Ky, domain provides the electric and magnetic fields in real space. The equations derived can be applied to general complex two-dimensional structures containing either electric or magnetic dipole source in any direction. In the modeling of the electromagnetic measurement, we adopted a pseudo-delta function to distribute the dipole source current and circumvent the problem of singularity at the source point. Moreover, the suggested method used isoparametric finite elements to accommodate the complex subsurface formation. For the large scale linear system derived from the discretization of the Maxwell＇s equations, several iterative solvers were used and compared to select the optimal one. A quantitative test of accuracy was presented which compared the finite element results with analytic solutions for a dipole source in homogeneous space for different ranges and different wave numbers Ky. to validate the addressed the effects of the distribution range τ of the homogeneous medium. code and check its effectiveness. In addition, we pseudo-delta function on the numerical results in

Characteristic Analysis of Transient Electromagnetic Disturbance Data in Substation

Characteristic analysis of transient electromagnetic disturbance data is very important. In this paper, the time-domain and frequency-domain characteristics of transient electromagnetic disturbance caused by switching operations in substations are analyzed. Two methods are adopted in time-domain analysis. One method is histogram and the other one is normality test. An appropriate procedure for the normality test is proposed. Furthermore, the method used in frequency- domain analysis is to obtain overall envelope. These statistical characteristic analysis methods are showed to be of great value in analyses of the measured samples. The simulation results showed that these methods are effective.

A frequency domain reliability analysis method for electromagnetic problems based on univariate dimension reduction method

In this paper, a class of electromagnetic field frequency domain reliability problem is first defined. The frequency domain reliability refers to the probability that an electromagnetic performance indicator can meet the intended requirements within a specific frequency band, considering the uncertainty of structural parameters and frequency-variant electromagnetic parameters.And then a frequency domain reliability analysis method based on univariate dimension reduction method is proposed, which provides an effective calculation tool for electromagnetic frequency domain reliability. In electromagnetic problems, performance indicators usually vary with frequency. The method firstly discretizes the frequency-variant performance indicator function into a series of frequency points' functions, and then transforms the frequency domain reliability problem into a series system reliability problem of discrete frequency points' functions. Secondly, the univariate dimension reduction method is introduced to solve the probability distribution functions and correlation coefficients of discrete frequency points' functions in the system. Finally, according to the above calculation results, the series system reliability can be solved to obtain the frequency domain reliability, and the cumulative distribution function of the performance indicator can also be obtained. In this study,Monte Carlo simulation is adopted to demonstrate the validity of the frequency domain reliability analysis method. Three examples are investigated to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.

Frequency-domain electromagnetic sounding with combination wave in near-field zone

By analysing the propagation law of electromagnetic wave,the distribution pattern of the field and the theory of frequency electromagnetic sounding,the physical mechanisms that make the frequency electromagnetic sounding in near-field zone difficult are discussed.Based on the theory of near source field,a new method of dual-frequency electromagnetic sounding of combination wave in near-field zone is advanced.Meanwhile,the method of measurement of fields,the definition of apparent resistivity and the numerical algorithm are approached.

架空配电线路故障电弧的电磁辐射特性及故障定位应用

针对架空配电线路电弧接地故障点定位难题,该文研究架空配电线路故障电弧的电磁辐射特性,探索基于电磁辐射信号的电弧故障定位方法的可行性。通过10 k V配网真型故障模拟试验平台,分析接地电弧电磁辐射的时域与频域特性及传播衰减规律,结果表明:电弧电流的电磁辐射特征频段为20~30 MHz,该特征频段不会受到中性点接地方式、电弧接地介质与线路结构参数的显著影响,且特征频段内辐射信号在传播过程中衰减较慢。在此基础上,设计一种小型化三角形单极子–环形组合平面天线,工作频率为20~500 MHz。利用自制天线开展小型电弧故障定位实验,为后续配网电弧故障定位的应用研究提供基础。

高频变压器电磁场-结构力场-声场求解及特性分析

大容量高频变压器结构紧凑,工作频率为数百Hz到几十kHz,工作波形为方波等非正弦的特殊激励波形。高频变压器电磁、结构、声等多场耦合紧密,运行时出现严重的振动与噪声问题,对高频变压器振动与噪声特性进行精细分析对于其减振降噪具有重要意义。为此,该文首先建立高频变压器电磁场-结构力场-声场3维仿真求解模型,明确各物理场的载荷传递过程以及电磁和力学性能参数;然后,采用有限元法得到不同电压激励下变压器铁芯表面时域振动波形与噪声频域特性,并定量评估了纳米晶切割铁芯对受力特性的影响程度;最后,对1台5 kHz/10 kVA高频变压器的振动和噪声进行试验测试,得到正弦和方波电压激励下铁芯振动和噪声数据。由仿真与试验结果可知,高频变压器铁芯拐角处振动较为剧烈且周围产生的噪声也较大;相比于正弦波激励,非正弦波激励下的振动不仅集中发生在2倍频,还存在许多高次谐波分量,同时各个频率段声压级明显增加;不同波形激励下测量点声压级相对误差均在10%以内,验证了仿真模型的准确性。

论电场近区双频测深的可行性

非平面波区测深是频率域电磁勘探方法理论发展的重要动力。广域电磁法不对非平面波区电磁场表达式做简化,通过迭代求解获取全区视电阻率,极大拓展了人工源频率域电磁法的观测空间范围与探测深度。E-Ex模式是现今最为常用的广域电磁法观测模式,但其近区测深能力有限。本文探讨了两种广域电磁法E-Ex模式近区双频测深方案的可行性。首先,简述了高阶近似和低阶近似两种近区电场双频测深视电阻率计算方案的基本原理;然后采用一维模型进行数值模拟,对比了半空间模型中E-Ex模式不同场成分的强度与感应数的关系,计算了典型地电模型的视电阻率,分析了频率间隔及观测误差等对计算结果的影响。结果表明:高阶近似方案基本不具备可行性;低阶近似双频测深方案在理想条件下可以获得近区地电介质的变化信息,对地下低阻层反映更为灵敏,受观测角度、接地导线偶极长度及观测频率间隔等因素影响均较小,但对观测数据误差极为敏感,观测总场中较小的误差也将导致近区视电阻率信息提取失败。因此,广域电磁法E-Ex模式近区双频测深方案实际应用的关键在于控制观测精度。

基于等值反磁通装置频率域电磁法研究

人工源近区频率域电磁法具有轻便、分辨率高及抗干扰能力强等优点,但提取地质体二次场响应难题困扰了该方法推广应用。基于等值反磁通原理提取二次场响应,首先,推导出了基于等值反磁通原理的频率域近场垂直磁场响应的表达式;然后,采用层状介质与均匀半空间介质的垂向磁场同相分量的比值定义视电阻率,并计算了典型层状介质垂直磁场的频率响应;最后,通过试验对比时间域与频率域方法对浅埋藏铝板的异常响应。研究结果表明:基于等值反磁通原理能够有效提取近场频率域二次场信号,近场垂向磁场的同相分量与大地电导率的二次方成正比;垂向磁场同相分量的比值定义视电阻率能够清晰反映A型、Q型、H型及K型地电断面的特征。

介质粗糙面与组合目标宽带电磁散射特性研究

文中对介质粗糙面和组合目标的宽带复合电磁散射特性进行研究,通过数值计算得到了复合散射系数频率响应曲线。分析结果显示,后向复合散射系数在宽频带范围内随着频率的变化而产生振荡,粗糙面的高度均方根、介电常数、组合目标尺度、目标介电常数等因素对复合散射系数有显著的影响,且影响规律较为复杂。相比之下,粗糙面的相关长度对复合散射系数的影响较为微弱。当目标是理想导体时,频率响应曲线近似呈现出准周期性的振荡形态。

电磁悬浮系统的改进线性自抗扰控制方法

单点电磁悬浮系统是常导电磁磁浮列车悬浮系统的关键控制单元。针对单点电磁悬浮系统因强干扰影响导致控制性能下降的问题,提出了一种改进型线性自抗扰控制(LADRC)方法。首先,基于电磁悬浮结构及原理建立了单点悬浮系统线性化模型,并对系统稳定性进行了分析。其次,基于自抗扰控制方法设计位置外环控制器以及基于PI调节器的电流内环控制器,对线性扩张状态观测器进行改进,设计两级级联的线性扩张状态观测器提高扰动估计精确度及速度,进而提高LADRC中扩张状态观测器对系统扰动的估计能力,并在频域上分析了改进型LADRC扰动估计性能和抑制能力的优越性。最后,搭建实验环境,对改进线性自抗扰控制方法的有效性进行验证。实验结果表明,所提的改进型LADRC不仅具有良好的位置跟踪性能,同时相比传统LADRC具有更强的抗扰动能力。

频率域电磁测深中干扰的识别与压制

针对高压线对电磁频率测深数据影响严重的现状,从方法原理和野外实测数据两个方面分析了线状干扰源引起的水平电场干扰特征和识别技术,提出了一种应用干扰估算滤波技术来压制电磁干扰的方法。应用成果表明,高压线等线状电磁干扰源对电场的干扰主要体现在平行干扰源方向的水平电场,野外通过布置垂直高压线的测线可提高数据信噪比,室内通过干扰估算滤波技术压制电磁干扰。

基于同步提取变换的地空频率域电磁信号幅度提取方法

地空频率域电磁法探测信号为多频非平稳信号,为了解决应用传统傅里叶变换方法提取其幅度时分辨率较差的问题,本文提出了基于同步提取变换(SET)的地空频域电磁信号幅度提取方法。该方法对电磁数据进行SET,得到高分辨率时频图,并利用能量算子使电磁数据时频谱能量更为集中;采用贪心算法提取脊线,得到时频图的高能量带;通过自回归模型自适应地补充了脊线中的0值,解决了由窗函数引起的端点效应问题。根据脊线位置的时频图复数值,得到各频率分量幅度随时间的变化,研究了不同信噪比情况下基于SET的地空频率域电磁信号幅度提取结果的准确性。结果表明:当信噪比≥10 dB时,幅度提取结果的平均相对均方根误差均小于5%;当信噪比<10 dB时,幅度提取结果的平均相对均方根误差在10%以内。提取效果良好。将此方法应用于新疆霍拉山隧道工程地空频率域电磁法探测中,成功提取了多频电磁信号各频率分量的幅度,与采用傅里叶变换提取非平稳信号幅度的方法相比,该方法有效地提高了幅度提取结果的分辨率。

基于位移逆有理Krylov子空间算法的频率域可控源电磁快速正演

本文开发了一种双重复极点位移逆(SAI)有理Krylov子空间算法,实现了频率域可控源电磁法(CSEM)多频电磁场值的快速计算.在有理Krylov子空间算法中,极点选择是保障CSEM正演精度的关键,单重复极点有理Krylov子空间算法在频率域可控源电磁法应用最为广泛,但其缺点在于正演计算频段范围有限,增加极点个数能够获取更宽频段响应.为此,立足于有理Krylov子空间基本理论,推导了多重复极点位移逆算法Rayleigh商一阶秩修改公式,并利用该模型降阶算法开展了可控源电磁法正演模拟.另外,本文利用粒子群算法求解多极点收敛率函数,可以快速获取最优多极点,从而确保正演模拟精度.相比于单重复极点,多重复极点位移逆算法会增加极点计算时间,但能在更宽的频率范围内准确计算电磁场值.根据频率范围选定合适的极点后,该方法仅需要求解与极点数相同的多个线性方程组,通过场源项和系数矩阵求得有理Krylov子空间,再将正演算子投影到有理Krylov子空间中,显著降低正演算子的自由度,提高多频正演的计算效率.设计了均匀半空间和块状异常模型,并开展了算法测试,计算结果表明:在保证精度的情况下,相比于常规矢量有限元算法,单重复极点、双重复极点位移逆模型降阶算法的加速比超过10倍以上;双重复极点位移逆模型降阶算法总体计算精度要优于相应的单重复极点算法,且具有更宽的计算频带.

电磁防护技术发展综述与展望

针对复杂电磁对抗环境中电子信息装备面临的强电磁环境威胁以及防护加固需求,对强电磁防护技术的发展现状进行了综述,并提出了强电磁系统级综合防护的发展展望。强电磁防护是为了保证电子信息装备在强电磁环境中免受损伤或损毁的技术手段,从电磁波的耦合途径分析了当前电磁防护的重点和难点,然后分别以限幅器技术、频率滤波技术、能量选择防护技术三个方面对前门防护技术的发展现状进行了分析总结,最后从新型屏蔽材料和防护器件两个方面对新型电磁防护技术进行了展望,并从前后门一体防护、场路一体防护、多域联合防护三个角度对系统级电磁防护进行了总结,为电子信息装备在复杂电磁环境下的电磁防护加固设计提供了支撑。

用于地下未爆弹探测的频域电磁传感器设计

未爆弹药通常位于地表以下,探测过程复杂,干扰多。利用频率域电磁法探测未爆弹时,需考虑激励和接收线圈之间的相互耦合。论文利用关于一次场对称的接收结构,使流入和流出接收线圈的磁通相互抵消,从而减小一次场对响应的影响。通过仿真研究了各接收线圈的响应信号,提出了基于传感器的水平和竖直定位方法。最后参照仿真尺寸搭建实验平台,对三种不同尺寸的未爆弹药的探测深度可达1.2 m。验证了水平定位方法的可行性,竖直定位误差在10 cm以内。

基于频率域电磁法的城市地下金属管线无损探测技术

研究设计了一种地下金属管线电磁探测系统,利用双向同步控制和数字图像处理技术实现对管线位置、深度、种类等信息的探测和分析。通过锁相放大技术提高灵敏度并抑制噪声干扰。实验证明该系统可靠可行,不同位置的金属管具有不同的振幅和相位差,二次场信号随水深增加而减弱。该方法为城市金属管道无损检测提供了新的思路和方法,有望在实际应用中发挥重要作用。

基于HIE-FDTD方法的电磁热耦合分析快速计算方法研究

基于混合显隐式时域有限差分(hybrid implicit-explicit finite-difference time-domain,HIE-FDTD)方法,提出了一种电磁热耦合分析快速计算方法。仿真电磁场时,采用HIE-FDTD方法求解Maxwell旋度方程;计算温度场时,采用时域有限差分(finite-difference time-domain,FDTD)方法求解热传导方程。由于HIE-FDTD方法只对1维空间偏导数采用隐式差分方法进行离散,因此时间步长不受电磁目标精细结构所在方向网格大小的限制。采用电磁热耦合分析快速计算方法对十字缝隙频率选择表面的电磁热耦合效应进行分析,并将仿真结果与采用传统FDTD方法、CST软件以及COMSOL软件的仿真结果进行对比,所有结果均相互符合。十字缝隙频率选择表面算例结果表明:在保证计算精度的前提下,采用HIE-FDTD方法的仿真时间仅为传统FDTD方法仿真时间的1/6,有效提高了电磁热耦合仿真的计算效率。