Effect of Early Hemofiltration on Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Responses and Multiple Organ Failure in Severe Acute Pancreatitis

The effects of early hemofiltration on the serum levels of cytokines, pro- and anti-inflammatory balance and organ function in pigs with severe acute pancreatits (SAP) were studied. SAP pig model was induced by retrograde injection of artificial bile into the pancreatic duct. The pigs were randomly divided into SAP hemofiltration treatment group (HF group, n=8) and SAP non-hemofiltration treatment group (NHF group, n=8). In the HF group, the animals were subjected to high-volume and zero-balance hemofiltration therapy. The results showed that as compared with NHF group, MAP, CVP and PaO 2/FiO 2 were significantly increased (P<0.01), while HR, urinary protein content, serum ALT level, pulmonary coefficient and lung wet/dry ratio obviously decreased (P<0.05) in HF group. Under a light microscope, the pulmonary histologic scoring was lower that in HF group (P<0.01) and the lesions of renal and liver tissues were milder. However, there was no significant difference in the pancreatic histologic scoring between the two groups. Six h after establishment of the model, the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β were lower, while the IL-10/TNF-α ratio was higher in HF group (all P<0.05). It was suggested that early hemofiltration could effectively remove the serum cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β in SAP pigs, elevate the ratio of IL-10/TNF-α, improve hemodynamics and alleviate the lesions of lung, kidney and liver tissues.

Blood hemoperfusion with resin adsorption combined continuous veno-venous hemofiltration for patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome

BACKGROUND:Blood hemoperfusion with resin adsorption can clean larger molecules that exceed the molecular weight cutoff of combined continuous veno-venous hemofiltration(CWH).Hence blood hemoperfusion with resin adsorption combined CWH(HP+CWH) has higher ability of mediator clearance,and can improve clinical outcomes in theory.This study aimed to investigate the effect of blood hemoperfusion with resin adsorption combined continuous veno-venous hemofiltration(HP+CWH) on plasm cytokines like TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,cellular immunity and prognosis in patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS).METHODS:This was a prospective,randomized clinical trial.A total of 30 patients who had been diagnosed with MODS were enrolled in this study.Patients were randomly allocated to routine treatment+HP+CWH group(treatment group) and routine treatment+only CWH group(control group).In the treatment group,patients received blood hemoperfusion with resin adsorption for 2hours,and then received CWH for 10 hours every day.In the control group,patients received CWH for 12 hours only every day.The patients in the two groups received blood purification therapy for three days.The plasma of patients in the treatment group was obtained at 0,2,12,24,26,36,48,50,60 hours,5th day,7th day and 10 th day,respectively.The plasma of patients in the control group was obtained at 0,12,24,36,48,60 hours,5th day,7th day and 10 th day,respectively.APACHE Ⅱscore,T-lymphocytes subpopulations,blood lactate acid concentration,heart rate,breathing rate,and oxygenation index were observed.RESULTS:Plasma cytokines like TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6 decreased markedly after HP(P<0.01);T-lymphocytes subpopulations CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+ increased after HP+CWH or only CWH.The plasma concentrations of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 in the two groups were not markedly different at 12,36,and 50 hours.But on the 5th day,the plasma concentrations of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).On the 28 th day,5patients died in the treatment group,and 6 patients in the control group.CONCLUSIONS:Both HP+CWH and CWH can clean plasma cytokines like TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6,and improve cellular immunity and clinical symptoms and signs of patients.Compared with only CWH,the plasma concentrations of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 were lower on the 5th day,and patients have an increased survival rate on the 28 day in the HP+CWH group.

Isolated limb infusion chemotherapy with or without hemofiltration for recurrent limb melanoma

AIM: To better define the efficacy and the safety of intra-arterial infusion performed with or without hemofiltration for recurrent limb melanoma. METHODS: Patients with the following characteristics were included in the study: recurrent limb melanoma not indicated for surgical resection, measurable disease in the extremity, > 18 years, performances status(Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) was 0-1 and life expectancy of at least 6 mo. Twenty nine consecutive patients were enrolled in the study. Patients underwent fluoroscopic placement of angiographic arterial and venous catheters to infuse the drug in the artery [isolated limb infusion(ILI)], and to stop the out flow(venous). Melphalan was rapidly infused into the isolated limb via the arterial catheter after the inflation of venous balloon catheter. Then the circulation of the limb was completely blocked with a pneumatic cuff at the root of the limb. Haemofiltration(HF) was available only in the main center, and was performed with an extracorporeal perfusion system, in order to reduce high systemic toxic peaks of drug.RESULTS: Thirty seven ILI were done in 29 cases(31 ILI-HF and 6 ILI) between 2001 and 2014 at Ancona and Pesaro Hospitals, Italy. Clinical outcomes were monitored 30 d after treatment. Eleven patients(38%) received infusion of melphalan alone, 7(24%) melphalan associated to mitomicin C and 7(24%) melphalan associated to cisplatin, the remaining 4 were treated with cisplatin, melphalan and epirubicin or cisplatin and mitomicin C. The overall response rate was 66%, in particular, 3 patients(10%) were complete responders and 16(56%) were partial responders; whereas 7 patients(24%) had stable disease, and 3(10%) showed progressive disease. Limb toxicity was assessed adopting Wieberdink scale, with evidence of 90% of low grade(I and II) toxicity.CONCLUSION: ILI-HF and ILI are effective and safe treatments for recurrent non-resectable limb melanoma. They present evidence of favorable clinical benefit and is effective in delaying progression.

Nursing care in continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration

ＮｕｒｓｉｎｇｃａｒｅｉｎｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｏｕｓａｒｔｅｒｉｏｖｅｎｏｕｓｈｅｍｏｆｉｌｔｒａｔｉｏｎＪｉＤａｎ（季丹）；ＺｈｏｕＺｈａｎｍｅｉ（周展眉）；ＰａｎＺｈｅｎｂａｎｇ（潘振邦）（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＮｅｐｈｒｏｌｏｇｙＮａｆａｎｇＨｏｓ...

The Effect of the Hemofiltration-Body Surface Area on the Mortality and Morbidity during Cardiopulmonary Bypass

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the hemofiltration-body surface area on mortality and morbidity during cardiopulmonary bypass (CBP). A total of 226 patients were divided into two groups as hemofiltration (HF) performed or not performed. The patients to whom hemofiltration was performed were also divided into three subgroups after the distribution analysis which was done according to body surface area. All patients were compared according to the relationship of hemofiltration-body surface area during cardiopulmonary bypass in the interms of mortality and morbidity. There was no statistically significant relationship between the subgroups according to the amount of hemofiltration by square meters (p = 0.818). There was statistically significant difference in total perfusion times and total hospital stay (p = 0.025;p = 0.038) between the subgroups which were divided by the amount of hemofiltration in square meters. As a result, no effect was observed on the mortality of the relationship between the amount of hemofiltration applied during CBP and body surface area.

Continuous hemofiltration combined with norepinephrine in the treatment of septic shock

Objective:To observe the effect of continuous hemofiltration combined with norepinephrine in the treatment of septic shock,and to explore the value of blood purification in the treatment of septic shock.Methods:From November 2018 to December 2020,100 patients with septic shock in the Intensive care unit of our hospital were selected and randomly divided into observation group and control group,with 50 cases in each group.The control group was given conventional treatment,while the observation group was given continuous hemofiltration combined with norepinephrine intervention.The clinical efficacy,Scv02,MAP and oxygenation index(PO_(2)/FiO_(2))of the two groups were compared.The levels of interleukin-6(IL-6),procalcitonin(PCT)and the total number of leukocytes and other inflammatory factors were compared 72 hours after treatment,and the 28-day mortality of the two groups was counted.Results:The total effective rate of the observation group(92.00%)was significantly higher than that of the control group(86.00%),the difference was statistically significant(p<0.05);the 28-day mortality of the two groups was 8.00%in the observation group and 14.00%in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=4.629,p=0.038);Before treatment,the Scv02,MAP and PO_(2)/FiO_(2)levels of the two groups were significantly higher than those of post-therapy.There was no significant difference between the two groups(p>0.05);After 48 hours of treatment,the levels of Scv02,MAP and PO_(2)/FiO_(2)in the two groups were significantly increased,while the levels of scv02,map,PO_(2)/FiO_(2)in the observation group were more significantly increased than those in the control group(p<0.05);Before treatment,the levels of IL-6,PCT and total white blood cells in the two groups were significantly higher than those of post-therapy(p<0.05)After 72 hours of treatment,the levels of IL-6,PCT and the total number of white blood cells in the two groups decreased significantly,while the levels of IL-6,PCT and the total number of white blood cells in the observation group decreased more significantly than those in the control group(p<0.05).Conclusion:Continuous blood purification combined with norepinephrine can effectively reduce the level of serum inflammatory factors in patients with septic shock,improve hemodynamic indexes,improve survival rate,which is worthy of clinical application.

Treatment of Sepsis by Hemofiltration Combined with Plasma Exchange in One Case

Female patients,44 years old,due to'regular peritoneal dialysis5 years,stomach ache 1 week'admission.Previous had 2 times for'Peritoneal dialysis related peritonitis'in hospital,after anti-infection treatment patients symptoms improved and discharged.1 week ago in patients admitted to hospital because of abdominal pain again.Physical:abdominal tenderness,bowel sounds hyperthyroidism.Laboratory inspection index:CRP:172.22 mg/l,WBC:23.26×10~9/L,NEU%:89.23%,D dimer:3 800 ng/ml,PCT:14.86 ng/ml。

Effects of hemoperfusion and hemofiltration combination on treating patients with acute organophosphours pesticide poisoning and influence of it on cholinesterase, dopamine and inflammatory factors

Objective:To investigate effects of hemoperfusion and hemofiltration combination on treating patients with acute organophosphours pesticide poisoning (AOPP) and influence of it on cholinesterase, dopamine and inflammatory factors.Methods:A total of 82 cases of AOPP patients treated in our hospital from Sep 2012 to Jul 2016 were selected as subjects. They were randomly divided to be the observation group and the control group, 41 cases for each. For patients in observation group, combined therapy of hemoperfusion (HP) and hemofiltration (HF) were provided. For patients in control group, combined therapy of HP and hemodialysis (HD) were provided. Effects on the two groups of patients were compared. Meanwhile, cholinesterase, dopamine and inflammatory factors levels in different times before and after treatment were compared.Results:Consciousness improvement times and hospitalization times in observation group were significantly lower than in control group. No significant difference showed on fatality rates between the two groups. Before treatment, no significant difference showed on CHE and DE levels between two groups of patients;6 h and 12 h after treatment, CHE average levels in two groups were significantly higher than before treatment in the same group, and levels in observation group at the same phase were significantly higher than in control group;6 h and 12 h after treatment, DA levels in observation group were significantly lower than the same group before treatment, and significantly lower than control group, while 12 h after treatment, DA levels in control group were significantly lower than the same group before treatment. Before treatment, no significant difference showed on serum TGF-β1, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 between two groups of patients. After treatment, each index levels in two groups were significantly lower than the same group before treatment, and levels in observation group at the same phase were significantly lower than control group. Conclusion:Effects of blood purification therapy on treating AOPP were worth approving, but effects of HP and HF combined therapy were more significant. In addition, improvement of HP+HF on CHE, DA and inflammatory factors were better than HP+HD.

Determinants of Calcium Infusion Rate During Continuous Veno-venous Hemofiltration with Regional Citrate Anticoagulation in Critically III Patients with Acute Kidney Injury

Background： It is unclear that how to decide the calcium infusion rate during continuous veno-venous hemofiltration （CVVH） with regional citrate anticoagulation （RCA）. This study aimed to assess the determinants of calcium infusion rate during CVVH with RCA in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury （AKI）. Methods： A total of 18 patients with AKI requiring CVVH were prospectively analyzed. Postdilution CVVH was performed with a fixed blood flow rate of 150 ml/min and a replacement fluid flow rate of 2000 ml/h for each new circuit. The infusion of 4% trisodium citrate was started at a rate of 29.9 mmol/h prefilter and adjusted according to postfilter ionized calcium. The infusion of 10% calcium gluconate was initiated at a rate of 5.5 mmol/h and adjusted according to systemic ionized calcium. The infusion rate of trisodium citrate and calcium gluconate as well as ultrafiltrate flow rate were recorded at 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h after starting CVVH respectively. The calcium loss rate by CVVH was also calculated. Results： Fifty-seven sessions of CVVH were performed in 18 AKI patients. The citrate infusion rate, calcium loss rate by CVVH, and calcium infusion rate were 31.30 （interquartile range： 2.70）, 4.60 ± 0.48, and 5.50 ± 0.35 retool/h, respectively. The calcium infusion rate was significantly higher than that of calcium loss rate by CVVH （P 〈 0.01）. The correlation coefficient between the calcium and citrate infusion rates, and calcium infusion and calcium loss rates by CVVH was -0.031 （P 〉 0.05） and 0.932 （P 〈 0.01）, respectively. In addition, calcium infusion rate （mmol/h） = 1.77 ± 0.8 x （calcium loss rate by CVVH, mmol/h）. Conclusions： The calcium infusion rate correlates significantly with the calcium loss rate by CVVH but not with the citrate infusion rate in a fixed blood flow rate during CVVH with RCA.

Effects of different doses in continuous veno-venous hemofiltration on plasma lactate in critically ill patients

Background Many studies have shown that continuous renal replacement therapy （CRRT） could clean lactate and treat the hyper-lactatemia.On the contrary,some other studies found that filter lactate clearance only accounted for a very small part of total lactate clearance and the hemofilter＇s contribution to the overall lactate clearance was negligible.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of various doses of continuous veno-venous hemofiltration （CWH） on plasma lactate elimination in critically ill patients.Methods Patients were divided into three groups according to their incipient plasma lactate concentration.Group A：lactate≤2 mmol/L,group B：lactate 2-5 mmol/L,group C：lactate ≥5 mmol/L.Three different doses （20 ml.kg-1.h-1,35ml·kg-1·h-1 and 45 ml.kg1.h-1） of CWH were applied to critically ill patients who experiencing CWH.The concentrations of plasma lactate in pre-（A）,post-dialyzer （V） sites and ultrafiltrate were measured after each dosage of CWH was carried out for 30 minutes.Rate of lactate clearance by the filter （RLC） and filter lactate clearance （FLC） and Lactate-Sieving Coefficient （LSC） were calculated under different circumstances,including different doses of CWH and different incipient lactate levels.Results Fifteen patients were enrolled and 104 blood samples were drawn and lactate concentrations were measured in this study.RLC was found increased （（9.36±9.73） mmol/h,（13.92±12.56） mmol/h and （16.52±12.71） mmol/h,P ＜0.05respectively） with the dose of CWH increased.RLC was also increased （（3.46±1.46）,（10.38±5.50） and （24.53±14.69） mmol/h,P ＜0.05 respectively） with the incipient lactate increased.FLC was increased （（1.95±0.63）,（2.95±0.74） and （3.45±0.54） L/h,P ＜0.05 respectively） with the dose of CVVH increased.There was no significant difference of LSC in different doses of CWH and different incipient lactate levels.Conclusions Plasma lactate can be eliminated by CWH and different doses of CWH affect the rate of lactate clearance in critically ill patients.

Hemofiltration or hemodiafiltration with on-line production of substitution fluid: clinical observation of safety and effectiveness

Objective To observe the safety and cardiovascular stabi lity of on line hemofiltration (HF) or hemodialfiltration (HDF) and evaluate the clinical effectiveness of one HF or HDF session in addition to two hemodialysis (HD) sessions weekly. Methods Forty patients were randomly divided into four groups: group predilutional (PRD) HF (filtration rate: 259 333 ml/min),group predilutional HDF (filtration rate: 167 ml/min), group postdilutional (POD) HDF (filtration rate: 83 ml/min) and group bicarbonate HD. The reduction rate of parathyroid hormone (PTH), β 2 microglobulin (β 2MG), α 1 microglobulin (α 1MG) and KT/V in the initial treatment of every month was observed, and the incidence of hypotension and pyretic reaction during each treatment was evaluated. Results After 4 month observation, the KT/V for Group POD HDF is better than that for other three groups, and for Group PRD HDF is better than that for Group HF and HD. Serum level of PTH and β 2MG was not decreased after every treatment in Group HD, and so was serum level of α 1MG in all groups. Significant removal of PTH and β 2MG was observed in Group HF, PRD HDF and POD HDF. The monthly serum level of β 2MG and KT/V were stable in all groups, but the monthly serum level of PTH tended to be decreased in Group HF, PRD HDF and POD HDF. The incidence of pyretic reaction in HF or HDF was the same as in HD. Although the ultrafiltration volume was significantly higher during HF or PRD HDF than during HD, the incidence of hypotension in HF or PRD HDF was similar to that in HD. Conclusions On line HF or HDF proved to be a safe and reliable method. POD HDF mode seems to have the best KT/V, HF or PRD HDF offers a better choice for preventing intradia lytic hypotension. One HF or HDF session in addition to two HD sessions weekly is similarly effective to decrease the serum level of PTH and the proof of the clinical effectiveness of such a therapy awaits a long term observation.

肝移植手术中CVVH治疗临床病例分析

接受肝移植手术的部分患者在术前已有不同程度的酸碱失衡、电解质紊乱、凝血功能障碍和肝肾综合征,需在术中联合持续静-静脉血液滤过(Continuous veno-venous hemofiltration CVVH)治疗以保障手术的顺利进行。现将我院肝移植术中联合CVVH治疗6例病例分析如下。

连续性血液滤过治疗对危重患者血磷浓度的影响

连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过（continuous veno-venous hemofiltration,CVVH）技术在危重患者的救治中得到广泛应用,其具有强大的溶质清除能力。磷是机体所需的微量元素之一,血磷通常指血清中的无机磷,血清的无机磷酸盐80%85%以HPO42-形式存在,其余为H2PO4-,PO4sup〉3-仅含微量。血磷酸盐（HPO42-/H2PO4-）是缓冲体系的重要组成成分[1],因而磷在能量代谢、调节酸碱平衡、组织供氧等方面发挥重要作用。

Sequential blood purification therapy for critical patients with hyperlipidemic severe acute pancreatitis

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of sequential blood purification therapy in the treatment of critical patients with hyperlipidemic severe acute pancreatitis.METHODS: Thirty-one intensive care unit(ICU) patients with hyperlipidemic severe acute pancreatitis treated at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University were divided into either a study group(n = 15; July 1, 2012 to June 30, 2014) or a control group(n = 16; July 1, 2010 to June 30, 2012) based on the implementation of sequential blood purification therapy. The control group received continuous venous-venous hemofiltration(CVVH) on the basis of conventional treatments, and the therapeutic dose of CVVH was 30 m L/kg per hour. The study group received sequential plasma exchange and CVVH on the basis of conventional treatments. The anticoagulation regimen of CVVH is the regional citrate anticoagulation. Mortality rate on day 28, rates of systemic and local complications, duration of ICU, and time to target serum lipid level, as well as physiologic and laboratory indices were compared between the two groups.RESULTS: The mortality rate on day 28 was significantly lower in the study group than in the control group(13.33% vs 37.50%; P < 0.05). The duration of ICU stay was significantly shorter in the study group than in the control group(7.4 ± 1.35 d vs 9.19 ± 2.99 d, P < 0.05). The time to target serum lipid level was significantly shorter in the study group than in the control group(3.47 ± 0.52 d vs 7.90 ± 1.14 d, P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in the rates of systemic complications and local complications between the two groups(60% vs 50% and 80% vs 81%, respectively). In the comparisons of physiologic and laboratory indices, serum albumin and C-reactive protein were significantly better in the study group than in the control group after treatment(37.8 ± 4.6 g/L vs 38.9 ± 5.7 g/L, and 20.5 ± 6.4 mg/L vs 28.5 ± 7.1 mg/L, respectively, both P < 0.05). With the exception of plateletcrit, no other indices showed significant differences between the two groups.CONCLUSION: Sequential blood purification therapy is effective in the treatment of ICU patients with hyperlipidemic severe acute pancreatitis and can improve patient prognosis.

Massive hepatic necrosis with toxic liver syndrome following portal vein ligation

Right portal vein ligation (PVL) is a safe and widespread procedure to induce controlateral liver hypertrophy for the treatment of bilobar colorectal liver metastases. We report a case of a 60-year-old man treated by both right PVL and ligation of the glissonian branches of segment 4 for colorectal liver metastases surrounding the right and median hepatic veins. After surgery, the patient developed massive hepatic necrosis with secondary pulmonary and renal insufficiency requiring transfer to the intensive care unit. This so-called toxic liver syndrome finally regressed after hemofiltration and positive oxygen therapy. Diagnosis of acute congestion of the ligated lobe was suspected. The mechanism suspected was an increase in arterial inflow secondary to portal vein ligation concomitant with a decrease in venous outflow due to liver metastases encircling the right and median hepatic vein. This is the first documented case of toxic liver syndrome in a non-cirrhotic patient with favorable issue, and a rare complication of PVL.

Effect of alprostadil in the treatment of intensive care unit patients with acute renal injury

BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury(AKI)is a sudden or rapid decline in the filtration function of the kidneys which is marked by increased serum creatinine or blood urea nitrogen.AIM To examine the value of alprostadil-assisted continuous venous-venous hemofiltration(CVVH)in the treatment of severe AKI in severely ill patients.METHODS This was a retrospective study and the inclusion criteria were as follows:(1)Age of patients(≥18 years);(2)Admission to intensive care unit due to non-renal primary disease,APACHE II score(≥18 points);(3)The diagnostic criteria of AKI guidelines were formulated with reference to the Global Organization for the Improvement of Prognosis in Kidney Diseases,with AKI grades of II-III;(4)All patients were treated with CVVH;and(5)Complete basic data were obtained for all patients.RESULTS The clinical effect of alprostadil administered in the treatment group was better than that observed in the control group(P<0.05).The urine output of patients in the alprostadil group returned to normal time(9.1±2.0 d)and was lower than that in the control group(10.6±2.5 d),the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);adverse reactions occurred in the alprostadil group compared with the control group,but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Alprostadil-assisted CVVH in the treatment of severely ill patients with AKI can effectively improve the renal resistance index and partial pressure of urine oxygen,and has a positive effect on improving renal function.

血液灌流联合连续性肾脏替代治疗技术治疗重症胰腺炎

目的观察血液灌流联合连续性肾脏替代治疗(continuous renal replacement therapy,CRRT)技术治疗重症胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP)患者的临床疗效,并探讨其机制。方法将30例患者随机分成两组:联合治疗组15例采用CRRT+血液灌流治疗;对照组15例采用单纯CRRT治疗。比较两组治疗前后临床症状、APACHEⅡ评分改善、TNF-α及IL-6变化情况。结果两组治疗后,患者临床症状缓解,血清TNF-α及IL-6均降低,但联合治疗组明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论血液灌流联合CRRT治疗重症胰腺炎可有效调整炎症因子水平,提高患者的治疗效果。

EFFECTS OF FILTER MEMBRANES ADSORBING INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS IN HEMOFILTRATI ON

Objective In this study, an in vitro hemofiltration model was set up to investigate adsorptive saturati on time of different membrane under different blood flow rate (Q B)and filt rate rate(Q F). Methods Anticoagulated cattle blood (2000 mL per bag) was stimulated with 1μg·mL -1 endotoxin to induce i nflammatory mediators before hemofiltration (HF) using AN69, PS and PMMA filters in vitro. Adsorptive saturation time of membrane was observed using data br idge in different Q B and different Q F. TNF was measured by radioimmu noassays. Results Before the resistance level reached the peak value in the same group, resistance level increased significantly (P<0.01). After the peak value, there was no difference (P>05). It was suggested tha t the resistance level reached plateau at 150,120,90,120, and150 minutes in Q F of 100 mL·minute -1, 200 mL·minute -1, 300 mL·minute -1 , respectively and in Q F of 1L·hour -1, 2L·hour -1, 4L·hour -1, respectively. And with the Q B and Q F increasing, resistanc e level increased significantly (P<0.01) among different groups at the same time point in A, B, C, D and E group. Conclusion Membrane resis tance level online measured by Data Bridge can instantly reflect the degree of m embrane adsorption. Adsorptive saturation time of filter membrane in different f iltration flow rate and blood flow rate are different.

15.2.Renal failure

920351 Treatment of chronic renal failurewith Oenothera Biennis L in rats with subtot-al nephrectomy.Bl Zengqi (毕增祺),et al.Nephrol Div,PUMC Hosp,Beijing,100739.Chin JIntern Med 1992;31(1):7-10.