Design,delivery and efficacy testing of therapeutic nucleic acids used to inhibit hepatitis C virus gene expression in vitro and in vivo

Despite major achievements in the treatment ofchronic hepatitis C with the combination ofinterferons and the nucleoside analog ribavirin themajority of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection cannot be treated effectively.Toimprove this response rate we used antisensetechnologies to inhibit HCV translation as possibleadditional option for experimental treatment.Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides(ODN) are

Therapeutic and Medicinal Uses of <i>Aloe vera</i>: A Review

The plant Aloe vera is used in Ayurvedic, Homoeopathic and Allopathic streams of medicine, and not only tribal community but also most of the people for food and medicine. The plant leaves contains numerous vitamins, minerals, enzymes, amino acids, natural sugars and other bioactive compounds with emollient, purgative, anti-microbial, anti inflammatory, antioxidant, aphrodisiac, anti-helmenthic, antifungal, antiseptic and cosmetic values for health care. This plant has potential to cure sunburns, burns and minor cuts, and even skin cancer. The external use in cosmetic primarily acts as skin healer and prevents injury of epithelial tissues, cures acne and gives a youthful glow to skin, also acts as extremely powerful laxative.

Continuous Wear of Hydrogel Contact Lenses for Therapeutic Use

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and complications of continuous wear of etafilcon A for therapeutic use. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 228 eyes of 219 outpatients prescribed contact lens (CL) for one week of continuous therapeutic wear during 10 years. The reason for prescription of CLs, the primary disease, the duration of CL wear and the complications were assessed retrospectively. Results: The predominant reason for prescription of CLs was relief of pain or a foreign-body sensation (62.3%) and protection of the corneal epithelium (20.6%). The primary disease was post-penetrating keratoplasty (36.8%), followed by corneal epithelial erosion (14.5%), post-lamellar keratoplasty (14.0%) and bullous keratopathy (12.2%). The average duration of wearing single lens was 6.5 ± 3.2 days. The average duration of wearing CLs in total was 9.2 ± 10.7 months. The most frequent problem associated with continuous wear of CLs was their dropping out of CLs (12.3%). The complications associated with CLs included conjunctivitis with papillary hyperplasia, corneal erosion and superficial punctate keratitis, but corneal ulcer and corneal infiltrates were not found. Conclusion: Serious complications were not shown changing the lenses every week to keep to the prescribed time limit for continuous therapeutic wear, even if corneal epithelial barrier function is impaired.

Comparison of long-lasting therapeutic effects between succimer and penicillamine on hepatolenticular degeneration

AIM To compare the long term effect of succimer (Suc) with that of penicillamine (Pen) in treating hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD). METHODS One hundred and twenty patients with HLD were divided into 2 groups. Group A ( n =60) received Suc 750mg , po. bid. Group B ( n =60) received Pen 250mg , po. qid. The period of maintenance treatment varied from 6 months to 3 years, averaging 1 5 years. Symptoms and therapeutic effects were evaluated by modified Goldstein scale. RESULTS The total effectiveness of group A in two different periods of treatment were 80% and 85% respectively, higher than those of group B (58% and 59% respectively) ( P <0 05). Suc also had obvious curative effects for the patients who failed in the use of Pen. There were fewer side effect in group A than in group B ( P <0 05). Suc and Pen could increase urinary copper excretion effectively and continually. CONCLUSION Suc is more effective and safer than Pen. Clinically, it can replace Pen as first choice drug for long term maintenance therapy of HLD.

Functional dyspepsia of ulcer-dysmotility type:clinical incidence and therapeutic strategy

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Therapeutic role of template-based lymphadenectomy in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract

Lymphadenectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract has attracted the attention of physicians. The mapping study of lymphatic spread has shown that a relatively wide area should comprise the regional nodes for tumors of the right renal pelvis or the right upper two-thirds of the ureter. A prospective study showed that an anatomical templatebased lymphadenectomy significantly improved patient survival in tumors of the renal pelvis. This benefit was more evident for patients with p T2 stage tumors or higher. The risk of regional node recurrence is significant reduced by template-based lymphadenectomy,which is likely to be associated with improved patient survival. The removal of lymph node micrometastases is assumed to be the reason for therapeutic benefit following lymphadenectomy. The number of resected lymph nodes can be used to assess the quality of lymphadenectomy,but not to determine the extent of lymphadenectomy. The guidelines currently recommend lymphadenectomy for patients with muscle-invasive disease,even though the current recommendation grades are still low. The present limitation of lymphadenectomy is the lack of standardization of the extent of lymphadenectomy and the randomized trials. Further studies are warranted to collect the evidence to support lymphadenectomy.

Blastocystis hominis as a cause of chronic diarrhea in low-resource settings:A systematic review

BACKGROUND Blastocystis hominis(B.hominis),an anaerobic unicellular protist parasite,is known for its diverse clinical manifestations upon infecting the human gastrointestinal tract.Although globally distributed,it is particularly prevalent in developing nations.Examining the symptoms and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings holds immense significance,providing healthcare practi-tioners with valuable insights to enhance patient care.AIM To synthesize existing evidence on the symptomatology and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings.METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines,a systematic review was conducted.The search spanned electronic databases including PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar.After a comprehensive screening process,a thorough examination of the papers,adhering to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and data extraction from eligible studies was conducted.The findings underwent summarization through simple descriptive analysis.RESULTS The search yielded 1200 papers,with 17 meeting inclusion criteria.Chronic diarrhea due to B.hominis infection was reported in only two studies,while abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting emerged as the most commonly documented symptoms.Recovery rates after one week of treatment ranged from 71.8%to 100%,and after two weeks,from 60%to 100%.CONCLUSION In low-resource settings,chronic diarrhea resulting from B.hominis infection is infrequent.Common symptoms include abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting.Post-treatment,clinical outcomes are notably favorable,supporting the recommendation for treatment.Metronidazole is advocated as the first-line agent,with consideration for switching to a second-line option in cases of treatment failure or poor response.

Clinacanthus nutans:a review of the medicinal uses,pharmacology and phytochemistry

Clinacanthus nutans Lindau is known as snake grass belonging to the Acanlhaceae family.This plant has diverse and potential medicinal uses in traditional herbal medicine for treating skin rashes,insects and snake bites,lesions caused by herpes simplex virus,diabetes,and gout in Malaysia.Indonesia.Thailand and China.Phylochemieal investigations documented the varied contents of bioaclive compounds from litis plant namely flavonoids,glycosides,glycoglyeerolipids.cerebrosides and monoacylmonogalatosylglycerol.The pharmacological experiment proved that various types of extracts and pure compounds from this species exhibited a broad range of biological properties such as anti-inflammatory,antiviral,antioxidant,and anti-diabetic activities.The lindings of toxicity study showed that extracts from this plant did not show any toxicity thus it can be used as strong therapeutic agents for specific diseased conditions.However,further experiments on chemical components and their mode of action showing biological activities are required to elucidate the complete phytochemical profile and assess to confirm their suitability tor future drugs.This review summarizes the medicinal uses,phytochemistry and pharmacology of this plant in order to explore its therapeutic potential and gaps necessitating for prospected research work.

High-intensity focused ultrasound extracorporeal ablation of liver tissuesin rabbits

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低分子肝素钙在儿童肺炎支原体性肺炎中抗凝治疗效果评价

目的探讨低分子肝素钙在儿童肺炎支原体性肺炎中的抗凝治疗效果。方法以选取的108例肺炎支原体性肺炎患儿为本研究对象。根据入院时凝血功能检测情况分为对照组(40例,不使用低分子肝素钙治疗)和抗凝组(68例,需要使用低分子肝素钙治疗),根据低分子肝素钙使用剂量将抗凝组患儿分为低剂量组(40例)和高剂量组(28例)。比较各组患儿临床症状改善情况、高低剂量组治疗前后凝血功能指标水平变化并记录不良反应情况。结果与对照组比较,抗凝组患儿退热时间、咳嗽好转时间、肺啰音消失时间及住院时间均延长,但高剂量组上述时间均早于低剂量组(P<0.05)。治疗后,高、低剂量组患儿血浆D-D、FIB水平均下降,APTT均延长,且高剂量组上述指标变化更为明显,两组间比较有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论低分子肝素钙的使用,在一定程度上可以提高肺炎支原体肺炎患儿治疗效果,且高剂量的低分子肝素钙更可以改善肺炎支原体肺炎患儿血液高凝状态,减少血栓形成风险,可用于伴有高凝状态的肺炎支原体肺炎患儿的辅助治疗。

Controversies regarding transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have tantalized regenerative medicine with their therapeutic potential,yet a cloud of controversies looms over their clinical tran-splantation.This comprehensive review navigates the intricate landscape of MSC controversies,drawing upon 15 years of clinical experience and research.We delve into the fundamental properties of MSCs,exploring their unique immuno-modulatory capabilities and surface markers.The heart of our inquiry lies in the controversial applications of MSC transplantation,including the perennial debate between autologous and allogeneic sources,concerns about efficacy,and lingering safety apprehensions.Moreover,we unravel the enigmatic mechanisms surro-unding MSC transplantation,such as homing,integration,and the delicate balance between differentiation and paracrine effects.We also assess the current status of clinical trials and the ever-evolving regulatory landscape.As we peer into the future,we examine emerging trends,envisioning personalized medicine and innovative delivery methods.Our review provides a balanced and informed perspective on the controversies,offering readers a clear understanding of the complexities,challenges,and potential solutions in MSC transplantation.

分析低分子肝素治疗急性缺血性脑血管病的效果

目的 分析治疗急性缺血性脑血管病使用低分子肝素的疗效。方法 选取2020年3月—2023年3月曹县人民医院神经内科收治的80例急性缺血性脑血管病患者作为研究对象,按入院顺序进行编号,其中奇数号患者为对照组(n=40),使用复方丹参注射液治疗;偶数号为研究组(n=40),使用低分子肝素治疗。观察两组患者的脑神经功能、生活水平、不良反应和治疗效果。结果 治疗前,两组患者脑神经功能和生活水平评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05);治疗后,研究组脑神经功能和生活水平评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。研究组患者的不良反应总发生率为2.50%,低于对照组的15.00%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=3.914,P<0.05)。研究组的治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 使用低分子肝素治疗的患者,其神经功能恢复明显,生活水平高,不良反应发生率低,治疗效果显著。

USE OF CELL-BASED BIOASSAY FOR THE QUALITY CONTROL OF BOTANICAL THERAPEUTICS

The single most important factor in modernization efforts of traditional oriental medicines is the limited understanding of active compounds responsible for claimed therapeutic effects.Indeed,the unknown identity of biologically active molecules generates major difficulties associated with botanical therapeutics in general.This includes management of raw materials,poor understanding of

低分子肝素钠联合地屈孕酮治疗先兆流产的临床观察

目的:观察低分子肝素钠联合地屈孕酮治疗先兆流产的疗效和安全性。方法:回顾性分析72例先兆流产妊娠期妇女资料,按用药的不同分为对照组(36例)和观察组(36例)。对照组妊娠期妇女口服地屈孕酮片起始剂量40 mg,1日后每12 h 1次,每次10 mg。观察组妊娠期妇女在对照组治疗的基础给予低分子肝素钠注射液5 000 U,腹壁皮下注射,每日1次。两组均用药1周。观察两组妊娠期妇女的临床疗效,腰酸、阴道流血、腹痛时间及总治疗时间,新生儿出生体质量、妊娠期妇女分娩时妊娠天数,治疗前后超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体、血小板水平及不良反应发生情况。结果:观察组妊娠期妇女总有效率显著高于对照组(91.7%vs.80.6%),腰酸、阴道流血、腹痛时间及总治疗时间均显著短于对照组,新生儿出生体质量、妊娠期妇女分娩时妊娠天数均显著多于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组妊娠期妇女hs-CRP、纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体、血小板水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组妊娠期妇女hs-CRP、纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体、血小板水平均显著低于同组治疗前,且观察组显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组妊娠期妇女不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:在常规治疗的基础上,低分子肝素钠联合地屈孕酮治疗先兆流产的疗效和安全性均较好。

低分子肝素治疗恶性肿瘤并发深静脉血栓剂量及疗效的初步研究(附27例分析)

目的探讨应用低分子肝素治疗恶性肿瘤合并深静脉血栓形成的剂量及效果,分析联合其他常规抗肿瘤治疗手段对生存期以及疗效有影响的相关因素。方法回顾性分析本院2007年1月至2011年1月收治的27例恶性肿瘤合并深静脉血栓患者的临床资料。抗凝治疗方法:每天低分子肝素0.1 U/kg皮下注射,体质量>60 kg者,每天低分子肝素0.6 mL皮下注射,体质量<60 kg者,每天低分子肝素0.3 mL皮下注射,中位治疗时间21天(0-180.0天)。结果 27例恶性肿瘤合并深静脉血栓患者应用低分子肝素抗凝治疗的短期疗效客观有效率66.7%,疾病控制率85.2%。不良反应少。中位生存期8.5月(0-33.2月)。根据患者体质量调整应用低分子肝素抗凝治疗相对安全,抗肿瘤治疗疗效与低分子肝素短期疗效相关(P=0.000)。结论恶性肿瘤患者合并血栓患者应用低分子肝素抗凝治疗安全,疗效较好,耐受性好,其抗肿瘤治疗疗效与低分子肝素治疗血栓短期疗效相关。

谷氨酰胺联合低分子肝素治疗老年重症肺炎的临床观察

目的:观察谷氨酰胺联合低分子肝素治疗老年重症肺炎(SP)的疗效和安全性。方法:回顾性分析88例老年SP患者资料,按治疗方案的不同分为对照组(44例)和观察组(44例)。在常规治疗的基础上,对照组患者鼻饲肠内营养混悬液;观察组患者在对照组治疗的基础上给予丙氨酰谷氨酰胺注射液20 g,以至少1∶5的比例溶入氨基酸溶液中,最大浓度不应超过3.5%,静脉滴注,每日1次+低分子肝素钙注射液4 KU/kg,每日1次,皮下注射。两组均治疗7 d。观察两组患者的临床疗效,术后恢复情况[呼吸机支持时间、肺部啰音消失时间、重症监护室(ICU)住院时间],治疗前后免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、IgG、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、急性生理和慢性健康状况Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分、凝血功能指标[活化部分凝血酶原时间(APTT)、D-二聚体(D-D)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、血小板计数(PLT)]、血气分析指标{二氧化碳分压[pa(CO_2)]、血氧饱和度(SpO_2)、氧合指数(Oi)、血氧分压[pa(O_2)]}、糖基化终产物受体(RAGE)水平及不良反应发生情况。结果:观察组患者总有效率(90.91%)显著高于对照组(72.73%),呼吸机支持时间、肺部啰音消失时间、ICU住院时间均显著短于对照组,不良反应发生率显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者IgA、IgG、Oi、SpO_2、pa(O_2)均显著高于同组治疗前,且观察组显著高于对照组;两组患者TNF-α、hs-CRP、APACHEⅡ评分、凝血功能指标、pa(CO_2)、RAGE水平均显著低于同组治疗前,且观察组显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 :在常规治疗的基础上,谷氨酰胺联合低分子肝素治疗老年SP的疗效显著,可有效改善细胞免疫功能、凝血功能和血气分析指标,降低RAGE水平,且安全性较好。

高危出血风险患者无肝素透析后肝素盐水封管对凝血指标的影响

目的通过自身对照比较无肝素透析前、后和封管后30min凝血指标与非透析日基线值的差异,了解高危出血患者无肝素透析后肝素盐水封管对出血风险的影响。方法解放军总医院第一附属医院肾内科2011年6～9月间无肝素透析的患者共26例,透析后使用1∶1肝素盐水(3125U/ml)按照导管标记容积封管。事先记录非透析日的血凝指标作为基线值,并于透析开始5min、透析后(封管前),封管后30min分别采血检测血凝指标。结果该组患者在上述4个时间点的部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)分别为28.75(26.60～31.63)、32.65(28.30～54.03)、28.25(26.53～32.03)、47.90(35.80～199.65),其中透析后(封管前)数据较基线值无差异,但透析开始后5min、封管后30min的数据较基线值明显延长(P=0.0003,0.0001),其中位数比较基线值分别延长达13.6%和66.7%。其他指标如凝血酶原时间(PT)、国际标准化比值(INR),在封管后较封管前也都有明显延长(P≤0.0001)。结论常规的无肝素透析对凝血各指标影响不明显,但1∶1肝素盐水封管将造成透析开始后短时间内和透析后一定时段内APTT的明显延长,因此,目前采用的肝素盐水封管方式很可能增加出血风险。

低分子肝素治疗不稳定性心绞痛的临床观察

对 6 7例临床诊断为不稳定性心绞痛患者 ,采用单盲、对照的完全随机化方法 ,分为低分子肝素治疗及小剂量尿激酶溶栓治疗组。通过常规心电图和动态心电图 2 4h缺血总负荷及 30d发生心梗的例数和死亡率 ,比较两种治疗方法疗效和安全性。两组治疗在减少心绞痛发作和缺血总负荷方面无统计学差异 ,但溶栓组发生心肌梗塞(AMI) 2例 ,发生出血 5例 (鼻衄 2例、牙龈出血 2例、便血 1例 )。

骨一方联合低分子肝素对人工全髋关节置换术后深静脉血栓形成的预防作用

【目的】探讨骨一方联合低分子肝素对人工全髋关节置换(THR)术后深静脉血栓形成(DVT)的预防作用。【方法】采用前瞻随机对照临床试验设计方法,根据性别、年龄、病患部位、就诊时间将100例THR术后病例分成试验组48例和对照组52例。根据《中国骨科大手术静脉血栓栓塞症预防指南》,2组均给予皮下注射低分子肝素,同时试验组给予骨一方治疗,每日1剂,连续7 d。分别观察2组受试对象试验前后凝血功能、血液流变学指标及伤肢彩色多普勒超声检查结果的变化情况。【结果】(1)试验后,2组全血粘度高切、全血粘度中切、全血粘度低切、血浆粘度等血液流变学指标均显著改善(P<0.05),且试验组的改善作用均优于对照组(P<0.05)。(2)试验后,试验组的凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血酶时间(APTT)相对缩短,D-二聚体(D-D)水平显著升高(P<0.05);而对照组的PT、APTT相对延长,D-D水平显著升高(P<0.05);组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。说明骨一方能在一定程度上拮抗低分子肝素对凝血功能的影响而降低诱发出血的可能性。(3)2组试验后伤肢彩色多普勒超声检查结果显示,试验组的伤肢DVT发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。【结论】骨一方联合低分子肝素能够改善人工全髋关节置换术后血液高凝状态,激活纤溶系统,调节血液流变学状态,预防伤肢深静脉血栓形成,同时又能降低诱发出血的可能性,是有效、安全的治疗方案,值得临床推广应用。