Hepatic Angiomyolipoma Demonstrating Similar Imaging Characteristics as Hepatocellular Carcinoma: One Case Report

Angiomyolipoma （AML） is a benign mesenchymal tumor that has been frequently reported in the kidney but rarely in the liver. AML is composed of fat, vascular, and smooth muscle elements. Because the proportion of the constituents composed of AML are varied, hepatic AML may be clinically, radiologically and morphologically difficult to distinguish from hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） or other hepatic lesions. Here we report a case with pathologically confirmed hepatic AML who was previously diagnosed as HCC based on imaging examinations.

Biliary complications after liver transplantation:A computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging pictorial review

Biliary complications are the most common complications after liver transplantation.Computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)are cornerstones for timely diagnosis of biliary complications after liver transplantation.The diagnosis of these complications by CT and MRI requires expertise,mainly with respect to identifying subtle early signs to avoid missed or incorrect diagnoses.For example,biliary strictures may be misdiagnosed on MRI due to size mismatch of the common ducts of the donor and recipient,postoperative edema,pneumobilia,or susceptibility artifacts caused by surgical clips.Proper and prompt diagnosis of biliary complications after transplantation allows the timely initiation of appropriate management.The aim of this pictorial review is to illustrate various CT and MRI findings related to biliary complications after liver transplantation,based on time of presentation after surgery and frequency of occurrence.

Differentiating Cystic Liver Lesions:A Review of Imaging Modalities, Diagnosis and Management

Hepatic cysts(HCs)are frequently discovered incidentally on abdominal imaging.The prevalence of HCs has been reported as high as 15–18%in the United States.Although most cysts are benign,some are malignant or premalignant.It is impor-tant to diagnose cystic lesions in order to properly manage them.Imaging with conventional ultrasound,computed to-mography,magnetic resonance imaging,or contrast-enhanced ultrasound can be used to further characterize and diagnose HCs.Ultrasound is typically the first-line imaging modality,whereas more advanced imaging can help narrow down the specific lesion.Contrast-enhanced ultrasound is a newer mo-dality,recently approved in the United States,which offers non-invasive evaluation in real-time.The first step in diagnosis is stratifying risk by differentiating simple and complex cysts.There are several features that can help identify HCs,including septae,mural consistency,calcifications,and quality of cystic fluid.Simple cysts are mainly congenital cysts,but also occur in polycystic liver disease.Complex cysts include mucinous neoplasms,echinococcal cysts,hemorrhagic cysts,cystic hep-atocellular carcinoma and other rare lesions.Treatment is indicated in symptomatic cysts or those suspicious for malig-nant or premalignant features.Treatment modalities include fenestration,aspiration sclerotherapy,or surgical resection.

Hepatic CT image retrieval based on the combination of Gabor filters and support vector machine

Content-based image retrieval has been an active area of research for more than ten years. Gabor schemes and support vector machine （SVM） method have been proven effective in image representation and clas-sification. In this paper, we propose a retrieval scheme based on Gabor filters and SVMs for hepatic computed tomography （CT） images query. In our experiments, a batch of hepatic CT images containing several types of CT findings are used for the retrieval test. Precision comparison between our scheme and existing methods is presented.

Hepatic CT Image Query Based on Threshold-based Classification Scheme with Gabor Features

Hepatic computed tomography(CT) images with Gabor function were analyzed.Then a threshold-based classification scheme was proposed using Gabor features and proceeded with the retrieval of the hepatic CT images.In our experiments, a batch of hepatic CT images containing several types of CT findings was used and compared with the Zhao's image classification scheme, support vector machines(SVM) scheme and threshold-based scheme.