The Potential of Duck Hepatitis Virus(DHV-1) Stimulating the Body Weight Gain and the Effects of Silymarin on It in Duckling

To evaluate the effects of duck hepatitis virus-1 （DHV-1） on the body weight gain in duck and the effects of silymarin on it in vivo, 100 10-d-old ducks, both male and female, were collected to be subjected to the test. The experiments were conducted in 8 groups： in group 1-3, the animals were inoculated with 1：105 diluted duck hepatitis virus （DHV-1） infected allantoic fluid and given 0, 30, and 50 mg kg^-1 BW d^-1 silymarin orally, respectively. In group 4-6, the animals were inoculated with 1：5 × 105 diluted DHV-1 infected allantoic fluid and given 0, 10, and 30 mg kg^-1 BW d^-1 silymarin orally, respectively. In group 7, the animals were given 10 mg kg^-1 BW d^-1 silymafin only. Group 8 was the control one treated by injecting sterillized saline into the leg muscles. All the silymarin was given from 0 to 4 d after inoculation of the virus. By the 5th d after inoculation, the vein blood was drawn from the dorsal foot vein and the plasma samples were collected and stored at -20℃. The body weight gain （BWG） was measured from 0 to 10 d after inoculation. The plasma IGF-I, T3, and T4 concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay （RIA）. At the virus dose of 1：5 ×105 diluted virus infected allantoic fluid, the inoculation of the virus enhanced the BWG significantly compared with that of the control （P〈 0.01）, while 10-50 mg kg^-1 BW d^-1 silymarin could counteract the effects of the virus on the BWG dose-dependently. The plasma IGF-I levels showed no correlation with the BWG, but the T3 levels showed a same tropism with the body weight gain. The present results indicated that sublethal DHV-1 enhanced the body weight gain of ducklings significantly, and the silymarin could counteract this effect in vivo.

Reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection – an important aspect of multifaceted problem

In this editorial we comment on the article published in the recent issue of the W orld Journal of Gastroenterology.We focus specifically on the problem of occult hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection,that is a result of previous hepatitis B(PHB)and a source for reactivation of HBV.The prevalence of PHB is underestimated due to the lack of population testing programs.However,this condition not only com-plicate anticancer treatment,but may be responsible for the development of other diseases,like cancer or autoimmune disorders.Here we unveil possible mecha-nisms responsible for realization of these processes and suggest practical approa-ches for diagnosis and treatment.

The Effect of Gankang Suppository on Duck Hepatitis B Virus, Serum Biochemistry and Liver Histology in Ducklings

To examine the effect of Gankang Suppository on duck hepatitis B virus （DHBV）, the serum biochemistry and hepatic histology in an animal model of DHBV infection, a model of DHBV infection was established by infecting 1-day-old Yingtaogu ducklings with DHBV-positive serum. The successful model was confirmed by PCR assay and 48 ducklings infected with DHBV were randomly divided into 3 groups： a Gankang Suppository treatment group, an acyclovir （ACV） group and a DHBV model group （control）, with each group having 16 animals. All the animals were given the medicines for 4 weeks in a row. The serum of the animals was taken 14 and 28 days after the medica- tion and 7 days after drug discontinuation. Real-time PCR was performed to detect the copy numbers of DHBV DNA in the serum. ALT and AST were dynamically monitored. The ducklings were sacrificed on the 7th day after the discontinuation of the treatment and livers were harvested and examined for inflammation and degeneration of liver cells by using HE staining. The results showed that on day 14, 28 after the treatment and day 7 after the withdrawal, the logarithmic values （log） of DHBV DNA copy numbers in ducklings of Gankang Suppository treatment group were significantly lower than that before the treatment （P=0.0092, P=0.0070, P=0.0080, respectively）. Compared with DHBV model control group, the ALT level was significantly decreased （P=0.0020, P=0.0019, respectively） on day 28 after the treatment and on day 7 after the withdrawal. The AST level was also reduced on day 14 after the treatment （P=0.0298）. Compared with the ACV control group, the level of ALT was lower on day 7 after the withdrawal （P=0.0016）. Histologically, the hepatocyte swelling, vacuolous degeneration and acidophilic degeneration in Gankang Suppository treatment group were alleviated 7 days after the withdrawal as compared with model control group （P=0.0282, P=0.0084, P=0.0195, respectively）. It is concluded that Gankang Suppository can effectively suppress DHBV replication, reduce the levels of serum ALT and AST and improve hepatic histology.

Molecular Characterization and SYBR Green I-Based Quantitative PCR for Duck Hepatitis Virus Type 1

To determine the genomic sequence of a duck hepatitis virus type 1 （DHV-1） strain, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （RTQ-PCR） assay based on SYBR Green I technology was developed to target 3D gene of DHV-1, Comparative sequence analysis showed that the genome has a typical picornarivus genetic organization, and strain DHV-1 R genetic organaiztion is 5＇ untranslated region （UTR）-VP0-VP3-VPI-2A1-2A2-2B-2C-3A-3B-3C-3D-3＇ UTR, DHV-1 R has close relationship with Parechovirus, and has 95.1-99.1% nucleotide sequence identity with other DHV-1 strains. Based on the DHV-1 sequences in GenBank, three pairs of specific primers were designed to amplify DHV-1 using real-time PCR. The results showed that real-time PCR Tm value is 85.6℃ and the real-time PCR provides a broad dynamic range, detecting from 102 to 109 copies of DHV-1 cDNA per reaction. No cross-reactions were found in specimens containing DPV, AIV and NDV. It is concluded that DHV-1 belongs to a new group of the family Picornaviridae that may form a separate genus most closely related to the genus Parechovirus. All results showed that the real-time PCR has high sensitivity and specificity to detect DHV-1 using SYBR Green I dissociation curve analysis, isolates can be distinguished by their melting temperature. These methods are rapid, sensitive, and reliable, and can be readily adapted for detection of DHV-1 from other clinical samples.

Risk of hepatitis B virus reactivation in cancer patients undergoing treatment with tyrosine kinase-inhibitors

This editorial commented on an article in the World Journal of Gastroenterology titled“Risks of Reactivation of Hepatitis B Virus in Oncological Patients Using Tyrosine Kinase-Inhibitors:Case Report and Literature Analysis”by Colapietro et al.In this editorial,we focused on providing a more comprehensive exploration of hepatitis B virus reactivation(HBVr)associated with the usage of tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs).It includes insights into the mechanisms underlying HBV reactivation,the temporal relationship between TKIs and HBV reactivation,and preventive measures.The aim is to understand the need for nucleos(t)ide analogs(NAT)and serial blood tests for early recognition of reactivation and acute liver injury,along with management strategies.TKIs are considered to be an intermediate(1%-10%)of HBVr.Current guidelines stipulate that patients receiving therapy with high or moderate risks of reactivation or recent cancer diagnosis must have at least tested hepatitis B surface antigen,anti-hepatitis B core antigen(HBc),and anti-hepatitis B surface antibody.Anti-HBc screening in highly endemic areas means people with negative tests should be vaccinated against HBV.Nucleoside or nucleotide analogs(NAs)like entecavir(ETV),tenofovir disoproxil fumarate(TDF),and tenofovir alafenamide(TAF)form the basis of HBV reactivation prophylaxis and treatment during immunosuppression.Conversely,lamivudine,telbivudine,and adefovir are generally discouraged due to their reduced antiviral efficacy and higher risk of fostering drug-resistant viral strains.However,these less effective NAs may still be utilized in cases where ETV,TDF,and TAF are not feasible treatment options.

Risk of hepatic decompensation from hepatitis B virus reactivation in hematological malignancy treatments

In this editorial,we discussed the apparent discrepancy between the findings described by Colapietro et al,in their case report and data found in the literature.Colapietro et al reported a case of hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related hepatic decompensation in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia and a previously resolved HBV infection who was receiving Bruton’s tyrosine kinase(BTK)inhibitor therapy.First of all,we recapitulated the main aspects of the immune system involved in the response to HBV infection in order to underline the role of the innate and adaptive response,focusing our attention on the protective role of anti-HBs.We then carefully analyzed literature data on the risk of HBV reactivation(HBVr)in patients with previous HBV infection who were treated with either tyrosine kinase inhibitors or BTK inhibitors for their hematologic malignancies.Based on literature data,we suggested that several factors may contribute to the different risks of HBVr:The type of hematologic malignancy;the type of therapy(BTK inhibitors,especially second-generation,seem to be at a higher risk of HBVr than those with tyrosine kinase inhibitors);previous exposure to an anti-CD20 as first-line therapy;and ethnicity and HBV genotype.Therefore,the warning regarding HBVr in the specific setting of patients with hematologic malignancies requires further investigation.

Perioperative remedial antiviral therapy in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma resection:How to achieve a better outcome

BACKGROUND Although the benefits of antiviral therapy for hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)have been proven,researchers have not con-firmed the differences in patient outcomes between patients who received preoperative antiviral therapy for a period of time(at least 24 wk)and patients who received remedial antiviral therapy just before radical resection for HBV-related HCC.AIM To investigate the efficacy of perioperative remedial antiviral therapy in patients with HBV-related HCC.METHODS A retrospective study of patients who underwent radical resection for HBV-related HCC at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University from January 2016 to June 2019 was conducted.Considering the history of antiviral therapy,patients were assigned to remedial antiviral therapy and preoperative antiviral therapy groups.RESULTS Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed significant differences in overall survival(P<0.0001)and disease-free survival(P=0.035)between the two groups.Multivariate analysis demonstrated that a history of preoperative antiviral treatment was independently related to improved survival(hazard ratio=0.27;95%confidence interval:0.08-0.88;P=0.030).CONCLUSION In patients with HBV-related HCC,it is ideal to receive preoperative long-term antiviral therapy,which helps patients tolerate more extensive hepatectomy;however,remedial antiviral therapy,which reduces preoperative HBV-DNA levels to less than 4 Log10 copies DNA/mL,can also result in improved outcomes.

Perception of Medical Students towards Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Hepatitis B Vaccination in a Private Tertiary Hospital in Jos North Local Government, Plateau State, Nigeria

Background: Prevention is one of the safe schemes against the high prevalence of viral Hepatitis. Negative perceptions or perceptions about the risks of hepatitis B among medical students and health care workers may influence the behavioral pattern and adoption of preventive measures against the virus and can affect the uptake of the Hepatitis B vaccine. This study assesses the perception of medical students towards Hepatitis B virus infection and Hepatitis B Vaccination in a Private Tertiary Hospital in Jos North Local Government, Plateau State, Nigeria. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study done in August 2021 among 236 clinical medical students using a multistage sampling technique. Data was collected using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire and analysed using the IBM SPSS 28 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). Ethical approval was granted by Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Ethics Committee, Jos, Plateau State. Results: Two-thirds of respondents were of the opinion that they are at risk of contracting HBV. Half were of the opinion that the risk is very much while a third believed the risk is moderate. Among those who think they are not at risk of contracting HBV, the majority felt so because they are vaccinated while 10.3% believe that they are safe. 43.2% of respondents think that HBV Vaccine is very effective in preventing HBV infection while 39.8% think it is slightly effective, and 7.6% think it is not effective. Almost all respondents, 99.2% are of the opinion that HBV Vaccination is important for students while 0.8% think it is not important. The majority of the respondents at 95.8% were willing to be screened for HBV. The majority (85.6%) of respondents are willing to pay for HBV Vaccine as against 14.4% of respondents who are not willing to pay. Conclusion: Summarily, 21 (8.9%) of the students had a negative perception of Hepatitis B Vaccination, and 215 (91.1%) had a positive perception of Hepatitis B Vaccination. Perception-sustaining events like seminars, workshops, road shows, and campaigns should be organized among students and health workers.

Molecular Characterization of Duck Hepatitis B Virus Isolated from Hubei Brown Ducks

The objective of this study was to characterize the genome structure of duck hepatitis B virus （DHBV） isolated from Hubei brown ducks. The natural carrier rate of DHBV in adult ducks from Hubei area was investigated and the DHBV DNA-positive serum screened out. The complete genome of a DHBV strain was amplified by polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and cloned into T vector and sequenced. The results showed that the carrier rate of DHBV in Hubei brown ducks was 10 % This strain （GenBank accession number DQ276978） had a genome of 3024 nucleotides with three overlapping open reading frames encoding the surface, core and polymerase proteins respectively. Comparison of the strain with 17 DHBV strains registered in GenBank revealed a homology from 89.3 % to 93.5 % at the nucleotide level. The sequences of the structural and functional domains of these proteins were highly conserved. The strain was found to share more signature amino acids in the polymerase genes with the ＂Chinese＂ DHBV strains than those of the ＂Western＂ country strains. This finding was also corroborated by a phylogenetic tree analysis. Therefore, the DQ276978 might belong to a subtype of the Chinese DHBV strains.

Chronic hepatitis B and occult infection in chemotherapy patients-evaluation in oncology and hemato-oncology settings:The CHOICE study

BACKGROUND Reactivation of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is a well-known risk that can occur spontaneously or following immunosuppressive therapies,including cancer chemotherapy.HBV reactivation can cause significant morbidity and even mortality,which are preventable if at-risk individuals are identified through screening and started on antiviral prophylaxis.AIM To determine the prevalence of chronic HBV(CHB)and occult HBV infection(OBI)among oncology and hematology-oncology patients undergoing chemo-therapy.METHODS In this observational study,the prevalence of CHB and OBI was assessed among patients receiving chemotherapy.Serological markers of HBV infection[hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)/anti-hepatitis B core antigen(HBc)]were evaluated for all patients.HBV DNA levels were assessed in those who tested negative for HBsAg but positive for total anti-HBc.RESULTS The prevalence of CHB in the study cohort was determined to be 2.3%[95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.0-4.2].Additionally,the prevalence of OBI among the study participants was found to be 0.8%(95%CI:0.2-2.3).CONCLUSION The findings of this study highlight the importance of screening for hepatitis B infection in oncology and hematology-oncology patients undergoing chemotherapy.Identifying individuals with CHB and OBI is crucial for implementing appropriate antiviral prophylaxis to prevent the reactivation of HBV infection,which can lead to increased morbidity and mortality.

Replication of hepatitis B virus in primary duck hepatocytes transfected with linear viral DNA

AIM: To explore the expression and replication of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in primary duck hepatocytes (PDHs).METHODS: Complete HBV genome was transfected into PDHs by electroporation (transfected group, 1.19×1012copies of linear HBV DNA/1×107 PDHs). After 1-5 d of transfection, HBsAg and HBeAg in the supernatant and lysate of PDHs were measured with the IMX System.Meanwhile, replicative intermediates of HBV DNA were analyzed by Southern blotting and Dot blotting. PDHs electroporated were used as control group.RESULTS: HBsAg in the hepatocyte lysates of transfected group was 15.24 (1 d), 14.55 (3 d) and 5.13 (5 d; P/N values, positive≥2.1) respectively. HBeAg was negative (＜2.1). Both HBsAg and HBeAg were negative in the supernatant of transfected group. Dot blotting revealed that HBV DNA was strongly positive in the transfected group and negative in the control group. Southern blot analysis of intracellular total DNA indicated that there were relaxed circular (rc DNA), covalently closed circular (ccc DNA), and single-stranded (ss DNA) HBV DNA replicative intermediates in the transfected group, there was no integrated HBV DNA in the cellular genome. These parameters were negative in control group.CONCLUSION: Expression and replication of HBV genes can occur in hepatocytes from non-mammalian species.HBV replication has no critical species-specificity, and yet hepatic-specific regulating factors in hepatocytes may be essential for viral replication.

Overview of the immunological mechanisms in hepatitis B virus reactivation:Implications for disease progression and management strategies

Hepatitis B virus(HBV)reactivation is a clinically significant challenge in disease management.This review explores the immunological mechanisms underlying HBV reactivation,emphasizing disease progression and management.It delves into host immune responses and reactivation’s delicate balance,spanning innate and adaptive immunity.Viral factors’disruption of this balance,as are interac-tions between viral antigens,immune cells,cytokine networks,and immune checkpoint pathways,are examined.Notably,the roles of T cells,natural killer cells,and antigen-presenting cells are discussed,highlighting their influence on disease progression.HBV reactivation’s impact on disease severity,hepatic flares,liver fibrosis progression,and hepatocellular carcinoma is detailed.Management strategies,including anti-viral and immunomodulatory approaches,are critically analyzed.The role of prophylactic anti-viral therapy during immunosuppressive treatments is explored alongside novel immunotherapeutic interventions to restore immune control and prevent reactivation.In conclusion,this compre-hensive review furnishes a holistic view of the immunological mechanisms that propel HBV reactivation.With a dedicated focus on understanding its implic-ations for disease progression and the prospects of efficient management stra-tegies,this article contributes significantly to the knowledge base.The more profound insights into the intricate interactions between viral elements and the immune system will inform evidence-based approaches,ultimately enhancing disease management and elevating patient outcomes.The dynamic landscape of management strategies is critically scrutinized,spanning anti-viral and immunomodulatory approaches.The role of prophylactic anti-viral therapy in preventing reactivation during immunosuppressive treatments and the potential of innovative immunotherapeutic interventions to restore immune control and proactively deter reactivation.

Inhibition of hepatitis B virus via selective apoptosis modulation by Chinese patent medicine Liuweiwuling Tablet

BACKGROUND Liuweiwuling Tablet(LWWL)is a Chinese patent medicine approved for the treatment of chronic inflammation caused by hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection.Previous studies have indicated an anti-HBV effect of LWWL,specifically in terms of antigen inhibition,but the underlying mechanism remains unclear.AIM To investigate the potential mechanism of action of LWWL against HBV.METHODS In vitro experiments utilized three HBV-replicating and three non-HBV-replicating cell lines.The in vivo experiment involved a hydrodynamic injectionmediated mouse model with HBV replication.Transcriptomics and metabolomics were used to investigate the underlying mechanisms of action of LWWL.RESULTS In HepG2.1403F cells,LWWL(0.8 mg/mL)exhibited inhibitory effects on HBV DNA,hepatitis B surface antigen and pregenomic RNA(pgRNA)at rates of 51.36%,24.74%and 50.74%,respectively.The inhibition rates of LWWL(0.8mg/mL)on pgRNA/covalently closed circular DNA in HepG2.1403F,HepG2.2.15 and HepG2.A64 cells were 47.78%,39.51%and 46.74%,respectively.Integration of transcriptomics and metabolomics showed that the anti-HBV effect of LWWL was primarily linked to pathways related to apoptosis(PI3K-AKT,CASP8-CASP3 and P53 pathways).Apoptosis flow analysis revealed that the apoptosis rate in the LWWL-treated group was significantly higher than in the control group(CG)among HBV-replicating cell lines,including HepG2.2.15(2.92%±1.01%vs 6.68%±2.04%,P<0.05),HepG2.A64(4.89%±1.28%vs 8.52%±0.50%,P<0.05)and HepG2.1403F(3.76%±1.40%vs 7.57%±1.35%,P<0.05)(CG vs LWWL-treated group).However,there were no significant differences in apoptosis rates between the non-HBV-replicating HepG2 cells(5.04%±0.74%vs 5.51%±1.57%,P>0.05),L02 cells(5.49%±0.80%vs 5.48%±1.01%,P>0.05)and LX2 cells(6.29%±1.54%vs 6.29%±0.88%,P>0.05).TUNEL staining revealed a significantly higher apoptosis rate in the LWWL-treated group than in the CG in the HBVreplicating mouse model,while no noticeable difference in apoptosis rates between the two groups was observed in the non-HBV-replicating mouse model.CONCLUSION Preliminary results suggest that LWWL exerts a potent inhibitory effect on wild-type and drug-resistant HBV,potentially involving selective regulation of apoptosis.These findings offer novel insights into the anti-HBV activities of LWWL and present a novel mechanism for the development of anti-HBV medications.

Impact of baseline hepatitis B virus viral load on the long-term prognosis of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with immunotherapy

BACKGROUND Although the combination of lenvatinib and PD-1 inhibitors has become the standard regimen for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),real data on the impact of baseline hepatitis B virus(HBV)-DNA levels on the clinical efficacy of this regimen is still limited.AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of camrelizumab combined with lenvatinib in patients with HCC at varying levels of HBV-DNA.METHODS One hundred and twenty patients with HCC who received camrelizumab and lenvatinib treatment were categorized into two cohorts:HBV-DNA≤2000(n=66)and HBV-DNA>2000(n=54).The main outcomes measured were overall survival(OS)and progression-free survival(PFS),while additional outcomes included the rate of objective response rate(ORR),disease control rate(DCR),and any negative events.Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed independent predictors of OS,leading to the creation of a nomogram incorporating these variables.RESULTS The median PFS was 8.32 months for the HBV-DNA≤2000 group,which was similar to the 7.80 months observed for the HBV DNA>2000 group(P=0.88).Likewise,there was no notable variation in the median OS between the two groups,with durations of 13.30 and 14.20 months respectively(P=0.14).The ORR and DCR were compared between the two groups,showing ORR of 19.70%vs 33.33%(P=0.09)and DCR of 72.73%vs 74.07%(P=0.87).The nomogram emphasized the importance of antiviral treatment as the main predictor of patient results,with portal vein tumor thrombus and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging following closely behind.CONCLUSION The clinical outcomes of patients with HBV-associated HCC treated with camrelizumab in combination with lenvatinib are not significantly affected by HBV viral load.

Hepatitis B virus genotypes in precision medicine of hepatitis Brelated hepatocellular carcinoma:Where we are now

Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is a major player in chronic hepatitis B that may lead to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).HBV genetics are diverse where it is classified into at least 9 genotypes(A to I)and 1 putative genotype(J),each with specific geographical distribution and possible different clinical outcomes in the patient.This diversity may be associated with the precision medicine for HBV-related HCC and the success of therapeutical approaches against HCC,related to different pathogenicity of the virus and host response.This Editorial discusses recent updates on whether the classification of HBV genetic diversity is still valid in terms of viral oncogenicity to the HCC and its precision medicine,in addition to the recent advances in cellular and molecular biology technologies.

Navigating the complex terrain of hepatitis B virus reactivation in the era of Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors

In this editorial,we offer a summary of the risk associated with hepatitis B reactivation(HBVr)in the setting of both solid and hematologic malignancies treated with Bruton tyrosine kinase(BTK)inhibitors,with insights derived from current studies.Furthermore,we emphasize the critical need for a framework regarding robust risk evaluation in patients undergoing such treatments.This framework is essential for identifying those at increased risk of HBVr,enabling healthcare providers to implement proactive measures to prevent reactivation and ensure the safe administration of BTK inhibitor therapy.

Epidemiological and Paraclinical Aspects of Helicobacter pylori Infection among Hepatitis B Virus Carriers in the Republic of Congo

Objective: Describe the epidemiological and paraclinical aspects of HP infection in hepatitis B virus carriers. Population and Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study running from January 1 to August 30, 2019, a period of 8 months. It took place in the Hospital Centers of the two major cities of Congo (Brazzaville and Pointe-Noire). The target population of our study consists of patients carrying HBV under antiviral treatment or not. Patients aged at least 18 years and consenting with a biological and morphological assessment were included. We did not include in our study patients taking or having taken antibiotics and/or PPIs less than 4 weeks ago. We excluded all patients who did not deposit fresh stools and those in whom stool extraction could not be done manually. The variables studied covered sociodemographic, clinical and paraclinical aspects. Data entry was done using Excel 8.0 software. Statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS 20.0 software. Results: During our study, we included 169 patients. The frequency of HPAG in the stools of HBV carriers in our study population was 63.9% (n = 109). Male patients represented 69% (n = 75) and female patients represented 31% (n = 34). The average age of the patients is 43.92 ± 13.51 years with extremes of 18 years and 80 years. Concerning profession, unemployed patients and those working in the private sector were the most represented in respectively 28.4% (n = 31) and 22.9% (n = 25) without statistical link. Households comprising between 4 - 10 people and the use of public latrines were the risk factors most represented in respectively 69% (n = 75) and 88% (n = 96) without statistical link. Clinically, hepatomegaly and signs of portal hypertension were most represented in 53% (n = 58) and 47% (n = 51). Biologically, HBV DNA was detectable in 60.5% of cases (n = 66).

Demyelinating neuropathy in patients with hepatitis B virus: A case report

BACKGROUND Hepatitis B rarely leads to demyelinating neuropathy,despite peripheral neuropathy being the first symptom of hepatitis B infection.CASE SUMMARY A 64-year-old man presented with sensorimotor symptoms in multiple peripheral nerves.Serological testing showed that these symptoms were due to hepatitis B.After undergoing treatment involving intravenous immunoglobulin and an antiviral agent,there was a notable improvement in his symptoms.CONCLUSION Although hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is known to affect hepatocytes,it is crucial to recognize the range of additional manifestations linked to this infection.The connection between long-term HBV infection and demyelinating neuropathy has seldom been documented;hence,prompt diagnostic and treatment are essential.The patient's positive reaction to immunoglobulin seems to be associated with production of the antigen-antibody immune complex.

Review on article of effects of tenofovir alafenamide and entecavir in chronic hepatitis B virus patients

This letter comments on the article which reported that tenofovir alafenamide may increase blood lipid levels compared with entecavir in patients with chronic hepatitis B published on World J Hepatol 2023 August 27.We review the related research content,topic selection,methodology,conclusions,strengths and weaknesses of this article.And evaluate it in relation to other published relevant articles.

Association of preoperative antiviral treatment with incidences of post-hepatectomy liver failure in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND Post-hepatectomy liver failure(PHLF)is a common consequence of radical partial hepatectomy in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).AIMS To investigate the relationship between preoperative antiviral therapy and PHLF,as well as assess the potential efficacy of hepatitis B virus(HBV)DNA level in predicting PHLF.METHODS A retrospective study was performed involving 1301 HCC patients with HBV who underwent radical hepatectomy.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)analysis was used to assess the capacity of HBV DNA to predict PHLF and establish the optimal cutoff value for subsequent analyses.Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the independent risk factors of PHLF.The increase in the area under the ROC curve,categorical net reclassification improvement(NRI),and integrated discrimination improvement(IDI)were used to quantify the efficacy of HBV DNA level for predicting PHLF.The P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS Logistic regression analyses showed that preoperative antiviral therapy was independently associated with a reduced risk of PHLF(P<0.05).HBV DNA level with an optimal cutoff value of 269 IU/mL(P<0.001)was an independent risk factor of PHLF.All the reference models by adding the variable of HBV DNA level had an improvement in area under the curve,categorical NRI,and IDI,particularly for the fibrosis-4 model,with values of 0.729(95%CI:0.705-0.754),1.382(95%CI:1.341-1.423),and 0.112(95%CI:0.110-0.114),respectively.All the above findings were statistically significant.CONCLUSION In summary,preoperative antiviral treatment can reduce the incidence of PHLF,whereas an increased preoperative HBV DNA level has a correlative relationship with an increased susceptibility to PHLF.