A dual-RPA based lateral flow strip for sensitive,on-site detection of CP4-EPSPS and Cry1Ab/Ac genes in genetically modified crops

Traditional transgenic detection methods require high test conditions and struggle to be both sensitive and efficient.In this study,a one-tube dual recombinase polymerase amplification(RPA)reaction system for CP4-EPSPS and Cry1Ab/Ac was proposed and combined with a lateral flow immunochromatographic assay,named“Dual-RPA-LFD”,to visualize the dual detection of genetically modified(GM)crops.In which,the herbicide tolerance gene CP4-EPSPS and the insect resistance gene Cry1Ab/Ac were selected as targets taking into account the current status of the most widespread application of insect resistance and herbicide tolerance traits and their stacked traits.Gradient diluted plasmids,transgenic standards,and actual samples were used as templates to conduct sensitivity,specificity,and practicality assays,respectively.The constructed method achieved the visual detection of plasmid at levels as low as 100 copies,demonstrating its high sensitivity.In addition,good applicability to transgenic samples was observed,with no cross-interference between two test lines and no influence from other genes.In conclusion,this strategy achieved the expected purpose of simultaneous detection of the two popular targets in GM crops within 20 min at 37°C in a rapid,equipmentfree field manner,providing a new alternative for rapid screening for transgenic assays in the field.

Crops模型在农业灌溉上的应用研究

灌溉是农业灌溉管理中非常重要的问题之一,传统的人工灌溉不仅浪费人力又工作效率不高。基于Crops模型的灌溉装置拟对农田中土壤环境、大气湿度和病虫害情况进行采样研究,掌握农田中的土壤环境以及空气湿度的变化规律,获得不同情况下的相关数据,在对相关数据进行分析的基础上,采用温度湿度传感器对一定范围内的各项指标进行分析,为田地里的农作物精准灌溉提供相关数据。Irrigation is one of the very important issues in agricultural irrigation management, and traditional manual irrigation not only wastes manpower but also has low work efficiency. The irrigation device based on the Crops model intends to sample and study the soil environment, atmospheric humidity and pests and diseases in the farmland, grasp the change law of the soil environment and air humidity in the farmland, obtain the relevant data under different conditions, and on the basis of the analysis of the relevant data, the temperature and humidity sensor is used to analyze the indicators within a certain range, so as to provide relevant data for the precise irrigation of crops in the field.

Trends in the global commercialization of genetically modified crops in 2023

The commercialization of genetically modified(GM)crops has increased food production,improved crop quality,reduced pesticide use,promoted changes in agricultural production methods,and become an important new production strategy for dealing with insect pests and weeds while reducing the cultivated land area.This article provides a comprehensive examination of the global distribution of GM crops in 2023.It discusses the internal factors that are driving their adoption,such as the increasing number of GM crops and the growing variety of commodities.This article also provides information support and application guidance for the new developments in global agricultural science and technology.

Nitrogen rhizodeposition from corn and soybean,and its contribution to the subsequent wheat crops

Nitrogen(N)is a key factor in the positive response of cereal crops that follow leguminous crops when compared to gramineous crops in rotations,with the nonrecyclable rhizosphere-derived N playing an important role.However,quantitative assessments of differences in the N derived from rhizodeposition(NdfR)between legumes and gramineous crops are lacking,and comparative studies on their contributions to the subsequent cereals are scarce.In this study,we conducted a meta-analysis of NdfR from leguminous and gramineous crops based on 34 observations published worldwide.In addition,pot experiments were conducted to study the differences in the NdfR amounts,distributions and subsequent effects of two major wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)-preceding crops,corn(Zea mays L.)and soybean(Glycine max L.),by the cotton wick-labelling method in the main wheat-producing areas of China.The meta-analysis results showed that the NdfR of legumes was significantly greater by 138.93%compared to gramineous crops.In our pot experiment,the NdfR values from corn and soybean were 502.32 and 944.12 mg/pot,respectively,and soybean was also significantly higher than corn,accounting for 76.91 and 84.15%of the total belowground nitrogen of the plants,respectively.Moreover,in different soil particle sizes,NdfR was mainly enriched in the large macro-aggregates(>2 mm),followed by the small macro-aggregates(2–0.25 mm).The amount and proportion of NdfR in the macro-aggregates(>0.25 mm)of soybean were 3.48 and 1.66 times higher than those of corn,respectively,indicating the high utilization potential of soybean NdfR.Regarding the N accumulation of subsequent wheat,the contribution of soybean NdfR to wheat was approximately 3 times that of corn,accounting for 8.37 and 4.04%of the total N uptake of wheat,respectively.In conclusion,soybean NdfR is superior to corn in terms of the quantity and distribution ratio of soil macro-aggregates.In future field production,legume NdfR should be included in the nitrogen pool that can be absorbed and utilized by subsequent crops,and the role and potential of leguminous plants as nitrogen source providers in crop rotation systems should be fully utilized.

Use of oilseed crops biomass for heavy metal treatment in water

The treatment of heavy metals in water is of high importance worldwide,and different treatment types have been developed.The use of plant material is becoming more and more important,and oilseed crops biomass have been investigated in terms of phytoremediation and biosorption processes.This article is a review of the literature reporting the applications in 10 different plants and evaluating the removal efficiencies for 12 metals,including the findings of 81 publications.Moringa olifera and Helianthus annuus are the most studied plants,whereas Cu(21.9%),Cd(18.5%),and Pb(19.9%)are the most studied metals.As a result,it was found that more than 90%of Pb,Cu,Cd,Fe,Zn,Ni,Cr,Sr and Mn showed removals in their experiments.At the same time,the variables most related to the efficiency of metal removal are pH,temperature,and contact time.This article includes a review of the biosorption isotherms used in the different studies.

Advances in Understanding Cadmium Stress and Breeding of Cadmium-Tolerant Crops

Cadmium(Cd) pollution has emerged as a critical global environmental concern, due to its significant toxicity, environmental persistence, and the pervasiveness of contamination. Significantly, the bioaccumulation of Cd in agricultural crops constitutes a primary vector for its entry into the human diet. This issue warrants urgent attention from both the scientific community and policymakers to develop and implement effective mitigation strategies. This review delves into the physiological impacts of Cd stress on plants, including the suppression of photosynthetic activity, amplification of oxidative stress, and disruptions in mineral nutrient homeostasis. Additionally, the resistance mechanisms deployed by plants in response to Cd stress have been explored, and the prospective contributions of molecular breeding strategies in augmenting crop tolerance to Cd and minimizing its bioaccumulation have been assessed. By integrating and analyzing these findings, we seek to inform future research trajectories and proffer strategic approaches to enhance agricultural sustainability, safeguard human health, and protect environmental integrity.

Near-Surface Soil Chemical Properties as Affected by Cover Crops Over Time in the Lower Mississippi River Valley

Typical row-crop agricultural practices can potentially be harmful to soil health and future sustainability. The use of cover crops (CC) as a mechanism to improve soil health on a wide scale remains underutilized. Soil health remains a major concern for the sustainability of agricultural productivity, therefore, research into CC implementation as a mean to preserve or improve soil health is warranted. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of CC on the soils in the eastern Arkansas portion of the Lower Mississippi River Valley (LMRV) over time for various chemical soil parameters, including pH, soil organic matter (SOM), soil elemental contents (i.e., P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, and B), soil respiration, and a generalized soil health score index. Soil pH decreased over time under both CC and no-cover-crop (NCC) treatments, by −0.3 and −0.2, respectively. Soil OM decreased over time under NCC by −0.1%, but did not differ between CC treatments. Soil N availability decreased over time under NCC (−22.6 kg·ha−1), but did not change over time under CC. Soil respiration decreased over time under both CC and NCC, by −76.1 mg·L−1 and −77.3 mg·L−1, respectively, though there was no effect of CC treatment. The Haney soil health score index decreased under CC (−7.0) and NCC (−6.8) without an effect from CC treatment. Results of the study place emphasis on the temporal nature of soil health as influenced by cover crops and their potential to improve soil health.

Research Progress on the Growth-Promoting Effect of Plant Biostimulants on Crops

A Plant Biostimulant is any substance or microorganism applied to plants to enhance nutrition efficiency,abioticstress tolerance,and/or crop quality traits,regardless of its nutrient content.The application of Plant biostimulants(PBs)in production can reduce the application of traditional pesticides and chemical fertilizers and improvethe quality and yield of crops,which is conducive to the sustainable development of agriculture.An in-depthunderstanding of the mechanism and effect of various PBs is very important for how to apply PBs reasonablyand effectively in the practice of crop production.This paper summarizes the main classification of PBs;Thegrowth promotion mechanism of PBs was analyzed from four aspects:improving soil physical and chemical properties,enhancing crop nutrient absorption capacity,photosynthesis capacity,and abiotic stress tolerance;At thesame time,the effects of PBs application on seed germination,seedling vigor,crop yield,and quality were summarized;Finally,how to continue to explore and study the use and mechanism of PBs in the future is analyzedand prospected,to better guide the application of PBs in crop production in the future.

A Germplasm Resource Repository:The Book Review of Illustrated Flora of Food Crops and Their Wild Related Plants in China

Illustrated Flora of Food Crops and Their Wild Related Plants in China systematically examines the botanical and morphological characteristics of China's major food crops,such as rice,wheat,corn,sweet potato,potato,mung bean,and buckwheat.Featuring more than 5000 color photos and 200 line drawings,it offers a comparative study that highlights the kinship and internal connections between cultivated and wild species.The book is an invaluable resource for breeders,offering a comprehensive morphological and genetic database that aids in the development of high-yielding,high-quality,and disease-resistant crop varieties.

Comparison of CWSI and T_(s)-T_(a)-VIs in moisture monitoring of dryland crops(sorghum and maize)based on UAV remote sensing

Monitoring agricultural drought using remote sensing data is crucial for precision irrigation in modern agriculture.Utilizing unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)remote sensing,we explored the applicability of an empirical crop water stress index(CWSI)based on canopy temperature and three-dimensional drought indices(TDDI)constructed from surface temperature(T_(s)),air temperature(T_(a))and five vegetation indices(VIs)for monitoring the moisture status of dryland crops.Three machine learning algorithms(random forest regression(RFR),support vector regression,and partial least squares regression)were used to compare the performance of the drought indices for vegetation moisture content(VMC)estimation in sorghum and maize.The main results of the study were as follows:(1)Comparative analysis of the drought indices revealed that T_(s)-T_(a)-normalized difference vegetation index(TDDIn)and T_(s)-T_(a)-enhanced vegetation index(TDDIe)were more strongly correlated with VMC compared with the other indices.The indices exhibited varying sensitivities to VMC under different irrigation regimes;the strongest correlation observed was for the TDDIe index with maize under the fully irrigated treatment(r=-0.93).(2)Regarding spatial and temporal characteristics,the TDDIn,TDDIe and CWSI indices showed minimal differences Over the experimental period,with coefficients of variation were 0.25,0.18 and 0.24,respectively.All three indices were capable of effectively characterizing the moisture distribution in dryland maize and sorghum crops,but the TDDI indices more accurately monitored the spatial distribution of crop moisture after a rainfall or irrigation event.(3)For prediction of the moisture content of single crops,RFR models based on TDDIn and TDDIe estimated VMC most accurately(R^(2)>0.7),and the TDDIn-based model predicted VMC with the highest accuracy when considering multiple-crop samples,with R^(2)and RMSE of 0.62 and 14.26%,respectively.Thus,TDDI proved more effective than the CWSI in estimating crop water content.

Harm of Hail to Crops and Countermeasures of Artificial Hail Suppression in Ulanqab City

Hail is one of meteorological disasters affecting crop growth in Ulanqab City.It happens frequently from May to September,and this period is also the main growing season of crops.In this period,hail will cause damage to crops,make farmland soil harden,and bring varying degrees of harm to agricultural production.Artificial hail suppression is an important scientific and technological means for disaster prevention and mitigation.It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring,analysis and forecast of severe convection weather,intensify the release of early warning information of hail weather,provide accurate and reliable real-time information for the implementation of artificial hail suppression operations,strengthen the implementation of artificial weather modification,effectively carry out artificial hail suppression operations,and avoid and reduce the impact of hail disaster.

Effects of Crops, Soil Types and Irrigation Methods on Digestion Capacity of Biogas Slurry

In the research, pot experiment and field testing were conducted to study the effect of different crops, soil types, and irrigation modes on biogas slurry diges- tions. The results showed that when silage maize, sweet sorghum and Chinese cabbage were planted in purple soils, the quantities of digested biogas slurry were of 57, 157.5, and 34.5 t/hm2, respectively, while the quantities of digested biogas slurry were 70.5, 157.5 and 40.5 t/hm2 in yellow soils. Besides, the digested biogas slurries reached 36 and 27 t/hm2 as per flood irrigation and sprinkling irrigation when Chinese cabbages were planted in yellow soils. The research indicated crop variety, soil type, and irrigation method all have effects on farmland digestion of biogas slurry.

CropSyst作物模型在松嫩平原典型黑土区的校正和验证

通过对CropSyst作物模拟模型进行修订和验证,应用该模型对松嫩平原黑土区主要作物的生产潜力进行了模拟,并对作物生产力模拟的有效方法进行了初步探索。模拟结果表明,对于主要作物的经济产量、全生育期蒸散量、收获时的地上生物量,模拟值与实测值较为接近。模拟值和实测值的均方根误差RMSE为3.59%(小麦地上生物量)～8.02%(小麦产量),模拟性能指数EF最小为0.76(玉米蒸散量),最大为0.90(小麦产量)。

Study on Crops Classification Based on Multi-spectral Image and Decision Tree Method

[Objective] The aim was to explore the feasibility of using single spectrum image to classify crops based on multi-spectral image and Decision Tree Method. [Method] Taking the typical agriculture plantation area in Hulunbeier area, according to field measured spectrum data, the optimum time of main crops, barley, wheat, rapeseed, based on crops spectrum characteristics, by dint of decision-making tree method, and considering spectral matching method, classification of crops was studied such as SAM. [Result] By dint of Landsat TM image gained in the first half of August, based on geographic and atmospheric proof-reading, decision-making tree was constructed. Plantation information about wheat, barley, and rapeseed and plantation grassland was extracted successfully. The general classification accuracy reached 86.90%. Kappa coefficient was 0.831 1. [Conclusion] Taking typical spectrum image as data source, and applying Decision Tree Method to get crops type＇s information had fine application future.

Analysis of Heavy Metal Content in Food Crops Planted Along the Shaanxi Inner Mongolia Expressway

To understand the effect of the running of Shaanxi Inner Mongolia Expressway on food crops planted along the sides, we determined the heavy metal contents(Zn, Pb, Cu and Cb) in the digestion solutions of the root, stem and leaf from rice and corn. The results showed that highway promoted the accumulation of heavy metal elements in corn and rice. Compared with the CKs(crops produced where no highway extend), contents of heavy metal elements in two crops tested from two sampling sites were both over standard. This indicates that food crops planted within 100 m away from the highway are been polluted by heavy metals, which is directly related with the running of Shaanxi Inner Mongolia Expressway. Based on this, the areas within 100 m away from the highway are not suggested to cultivate food crops.

Genetic Transformation in Triticeae Crops

Wheat, triticale, tritordeum, barley, oat and rye are the most important crops in human consumptions and industry in the world. Transformation technology supplies a new source of improving Triticeae crops. In the past decade, transformation of wheat crops has considerably progressed. Many transgenic plants of Triticeae crops with various genes were produced via nricroprojectile bombardment, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, PEG-uptake DNA technique, electroporation, microinjection, injection inflorescence and silicone carbide. Integration and expression of transgenes, inheritance and variation of transgenic plants have been studied. Technical improvements of genetic transformation for wheat crops will be extensively useful in commerce and benefit significantly to human being in the world.

Study on Antioxidants and Lipid Peroxidation from Pea Crops of Platean

[ Objective] The aim of this study was to discuss the effect of antioxidants and lipid peroxidation from pea crops of plateau. [ Method] SOD enzyme liquid from pea crops of plateau was extracted by means of protein concentration assay, enzyme activity assay and antioxidant activity determination by DPPH method, peroxide activity inhibition of in vitro tissues from mice by homogenate MDA colorimetry method and lipid peroxidation assay of in vitro tissues. [ Result ] IC50 of the crude enzyme liquid extracted from pea on DPPH was 55.16 mg/L, while the scavenging rate of the crude enzyme liquid was lower than that of ascorbic acid, tea polyphenol and citric acid with the same concentration. The synergistic effect was found in ascorbic acid and crude enzyme liquid, but the synergism of ascorbic acid was better than that of citric acid. IC50 of SOD enzyme liquid extracted from pea on DPPH was 11.1 mg/L, which was better than that of tea polyphenol and closely similar to that of ascorbic acid. SOD enzyme liquid extracted from pea had an inhibitory effect on MDA production from in vitro tissues such as liver, kidney and heart, especially for a significantly inhibitory effect on MDA from liver in vitro. When the concentration was 0.25 mg/ml, the inhibition rate reached 78.3%, and then the inhibition rate increased little with the concentration incresas, while its effect on heart and kidney were inferior. [ Conclusion] SOD crude enzyme liquid and SOD enzyme liquid extracted from pea all have certain DPPH scavenging capacity, while SOD enzyme liquid extracted from pea has an inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation.

Comparison on the Tolerance of Cruciferous Crops and Leguminous Crops to Microcystin

[Objective] To study the differences in the tolerance of leguminous crops and cruciferous crops to microcystin （MC）. [Methed] The cruciferous typical crops oilseed rapes, pakchois, cabbages and leguminous typical crops soybeans, peas and broad beans were selected as the materials to test the effects of MC of differ- ent concentrations on the germination, growth and development of leguminous crops and cruciferous crops. The measurement indicators included germination rate, plant height, chlorophyll, etc. [Result] The MC had great effects on the oilseed rape and pakchois of cruciferous crops, and smaller effects on cabbage, while the leguminous crops were generally not affected. [Conclusion] Leguminous crops are more tolerant to MC than cruciferous crops and more preferential in MC polluted regions.

Production Efficiency of Four Main Crops in the Decade in Hunan Province

The research explored productive efficiencies of main crops in the decade in Hunan by nonparametric DEA method and the results showed that net output value and net-profit rate of potato and sweet potato were extremely higher than those of rice and maize, and comprehensive efficiencies from high to low were potato, rice, sweet potato and maize. It is recommended that scales of rice, maize, and sweet potato should be reduced to certain extent and the scale of potato pro- duction extended. Besides, direct fee and labor cost should be lowered as much as possible to improve net-profit rate, accelerate crop S＆T development and improve grain productive efficiency.

Situation and Operation of Three Major Grain Crops Production and Its Industrial Development Strategies in Shiyan

In order to explore the sistuation and operation for the production with three major grain crops： corn, wheat, rice in city Shiyan, Hubei province, the basic information of rural areas, the types of business model and economic benefits through sampling survey of six areas with 314 households included in Shiyan were investigated in research. According to the actual problems existing in grain crops production and management, we raised points： to promote the grain industrial mechanism building actively, to improve agricultural infrastructure, to strengthen the management of land transfer, to accelerate scientific, technological progress and innovation and so on. Most importantly, we proposed the future development direction of three grain crops respectively, which is aimed to provide a reference for the develpoment of three grain croos in Shiyan in the future.