Jindong Township in Nyingchi Prefecture is a farming area where animalhusbandry plays an important role in daily life. In the ninth Tibetan month, farmers are ready to harvest the fruit of their year-long toil in the ...Jindong Township in Nyingchi Prefecture is a farming area where animalhusbandry plays an important role in daily life. In the ninth Tibetan month, farmers are ready to harvest the fruit of their year-long toil in the fields, and herders who have spent the last three months in nomadic roaming, make their way home with butter dregs and animal products.The Herders’ Festival is celebrated in individual villages. Taking place from the 22nd day of the ninth Tibetan month, it lasts three days, and local herders regard it as important as the Tibetan New Year.展开更多
After driving north about 90 km from Nagqu along the Qinghai-Tibet high-way,we hurned east along the vast prairies.Though it was mid-winter,the grassland,dotted by groups of sheep and catle,had turmed gold under the h...After driving north about 90 km from Nagqu along the Qinghai-Tibet high-way,we hurned east along the vast prairies.Though it was mid-winter,the grassland,dotted by groups of sheep and catle,had turmed gold under the high noon sunshine.展开更多
In 2006, a hot topic arose in regard to Tibetan economic development. This was the“ comfortable housing project”. A range of new houses and enumerable new villages are rising above the ground at accessible sights su...In 2006, a hot topic arose in regard to Tibetan economic development. This was the“ comfortable housing project”. A range of new houses and enumerable new villages are rising above the ground at accessible sights such as the sides of roads and grasslands close to villages. Beaming smiles are fixed on the faces of farmers and herders while they are moving into new houses. Since the beginning of 2006, Tibet has launched a comfortable housing project to settle herders, transferring living places for the sak...展开更多
Formal credit is critical in agricultural production,allowing more expenditure and productive input,thereby improving farmers'welfare.In pastoral China,formal financial institutions are gradually increasing.Howeve...Formal credit is critical in agricultural production,allowing more expenditure and productive input,thereby improving farmers'welfare.In pastoral China,formal financial institutions are gradually increasing.However,a limited understanding remains of how formal credit affects herders'household expenses.Based on a survey of 544 herders from the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau of China,this study adopted the propensity score matching approach to identify the effect of formal credit on herders'total household expenses,daily expenses,and productive expenses.The results found that average age,grassland mortgage,and other variables significantly affected herders'participation in formal credit.Formal credit could significantly improve household expenses,especially productive expenses.A heterogeneity analysis showed that formal credit had a greater impact on the household total expense for those at higher levels of wealth;however,it significantly affected the productive expense of herders at lower wealth levels.Moreover,the mediating effect indicated that formal credit could affect herders'household income,thus influencing their household expenses.Finally,this study suggests that policies should improve herders'accessibility to formal credit.展开更多
John Gottfried von Herder is a very influential German philosopher, linguist and translation theorist. His translation works and theories exert profound impact on translation theories not only in Germany but also in t...John Gottfried von Herder is a very influential German philosopher, linguist and translation theorist. His translation works and theories exert profound impact on translation theories not only in Germany but also in the whole west countries. This paper aims at briefly introducing Herder＇s translation theories to have a thorough understanding of Herder as a translation theorist.展开更多
In Mongolia,the numbers of herders who own more than 1,000 herds have been increasing year by year.Some of the herder families are operating small agricultural factories as well.The appropriate power supply systems ar...In Mongolia,the numbers of herders who own more than 1,000 herds have been increasing year by year.Some of the herder families are operating small agricultural factories as well.The appropriate power supply systems are not being developed yet in their farms.At the farms,mostly 4-10 herder families work together and the monthly power consumption of one farm reaches to 11.8-14.9 kWh.Currently,the gasoline,diesel,solar and wind power are being used as a source of energy production.In addition,the small-scale CHP(Combined Heat and Power)system is not introduced to the farms for their sustainable operation.There are abundant biomass resources in the rural area of Mongolia.In this paper,we conduct experimental studies on biomass gasification system and suggest small-scale CHP system for rural farms in Mongolia.展开更多
This paper is a historical survey of western construction of the images of Con-fucianism ranging from the sixteenth century to nineteenth century. The historical process ofWestern version of Confucianism originally wa...This paper is a historical survey of western construction of the images of Con-fucianism ranging from the sixteenth century to nineteenth century. The historical process ofWestern version of Confucianism originally was traced back to European missionaries, whoplayed crucial role in collecting Confucian primary sources and praising the ethical and socialvalues of Confucianism. Inspired by the primary sources of Confucianism, Enlightenmentscholars represented the image of Confucianism as romanticized ideal of natural theory andpractical morality for European culture. However, western＇ s imagination of Confucianism inthe nineteenth century shifted from a cultural and political ideal to childish and static traditioninferior to European culture, as emphasized in Hegel and Herder＇ s works. All these Westernimages of Confucianism illustrate the historical expressions of European self - presentation,self- confirmation and self- criticism.展开更多
In Mongolia,approx.200,000 herder families are breeding the livestock for their livings.Nearly half of them are not able to use the energy in proper or sustainable manner yet.Both the herd population and number of dom...In Mongolia,approx.200,000 herder families are breeding the livestock for their livings.Nearly half of them are not able to use the energy in proper or sustainable manner yet.Both the herd population and number of domestic animals reach 70.0 million in Mongolia.It is assumed that the power demand for a typical herder family is around 10 to 20 kWh/day.In addition,there is a demand of heat for the herder families,especially in winter season.The herder family moves around for the fresh grass for their livestock.Therefore,they need to have a portable power supply source.There is an abundant biomass resource in their living circumstances.The 2.0 kW portable biomass micro-cogeneration systems were designed to supply electricity and heat to herder family.The residue of the biomass in the steppe emits greenhouse gas(GHG)indeed.It is necessary to use biomass as an energy source,especially for electricity to reduce emitting of the GHG.展开更多
Tsebum, a herder from the northern nomadic area of the Tibet Autonomous Region, has turned out to be quite the online celebrity in Beijing! A picture of the smiling man with his heroic-looking red plaited hair and yel...Tsebum, a herder from the northern nomadic area of the Tibet Autonomous Region, has turned out to be quite the online celebrity in Beijing! A picture of the smiling man with his heroic-looking red plaited hair and yellow robe decorated with a dragon quickly went viral on WeChat and Weibo."What a handsome Tibetan herder!" came netizens' praise.展开更多
At noon,Dargye's wife cooked lunch for us.While chanting, the generous herder brought us dishes with green pepper fried with yak meat,well-cooked potato slices,vegetable soup and rice. We were told that all vegeta...At noon,Dargye's wife cooked lunch for us.While chanting, the generous herder brought us dishes with green pepper fried with yak meat,well-cooked potato slices,vegetable soup and rice. We were told that all vegetables were actually picked from his glass house.Dargye said that just several years before,his family could only purchase vegetables from the markets of the County's downtown,200 km far away.展开更多
Grasslands have critically important ecological and economic values while most of them have been suffering from various degrees of degradation in China due to overgrazing. The “Forage-Livestock Balance”(FLB)policy h...Grasslands have critically important ecological and economic values while most of them have been suffering from various degrees of degradation in China due to overgrazing. The “Forage-Livestock Balance”(FLB)policy has been implemented for more than a decade, aims to balance the relationship between forage productivity and grazing consumption of grasslands by livestock. According to the review of statistical data and literatures on policy evaluation, FLB-dominated subsidies for grassland ecological conservation policies are ineffective on grassland restoration, livestock reduction in some overloaded areas and improvement on herdsmen livelihood. To deal with the dilemma, we suggest a fundamental shift of strategy from controlling livestock numbers to maintaining and improving grassland health(MIGH) based on ecological theories, and promote the sustainable development of grassland in China. The results show that, FLB policy failed to obtain expected benefits mainly because it interfered with the herders’ autonomous use of contracted grasslands along with the defects of its underlying theory and methodologies. Implementing reward and punishment based on ecosystem health will not only motivate herders to manage their grassland autonomously, but also be more scientific and feasible than FLB.展开更多
文摘Jindong Township in Nyingchi Prefecture is a farming area where animalhusbandry plays an important role in daily life. In the ninth Tibetan month, farmers are ready to harvest the fruit of their year-long toil in the fields, and herders who have spent the last three months in nomadic roaming, make their way home with butter dregs and animal products.The Herders’ Festival is celebrated in individual villages. Taking place from the 22nd day of the ninth Tibetan month, it lasts three days, and local herders regard it as important as the Tibetan New Year.
文摘After driving north about 90 km from Nagqu along the Qinghai-Tibet high-way,we hurned east along the vast prairies.Though it was mid-winter,the grassland,dotted by groups of sheep and catle,had turmed gold under the high noon sunshine.
文摘In 2006, a hot topic arose in regard to Tibetan economic development. This was the“ comfortable housing project”. A range of new houses and enumerable new villages are rising above the ground at accessible sights such as the sides of roads and grasslands close to villages. Beaming smiles are fixed on the faces of farmers and herders while they are moving into new houses. Since the beginning of 2006, Tibet has launched a comfortable housing project to settle herders, transferring living places for the sak...
基金funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (72303086)the Leading Scientist Project of Qinghai Province, China (2023-NK-147)+1 种基金the Consulting Project of Chinese Academy of Engineering (2023-XY-28,2022-XY-139)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (lzujbky-2022-sp13)
文摘Formal credit is critical in agricultural production,allowing more expenditure and productive input,thereby improving farmers'welfare.In pastoral China,formal financial institutions are gradually increasing.However,a limited understanding remains of how formal credit affects herders'household expenses.Based on a survey of 544 herders from the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau of China,this study adopted the propensity score matching approach to identify the effect of formal credit on herders'total household expenses,daily expenses,and productive expenses.The results found that average age,grassland mortgage,and other variables significantly affected herders'participation in formal credit.Formal credit could significantly improve household expenses,especially productive expenses.A heterogeneity analysis showed that formal credit had a greater impact on the household total expense for those at higher levels of wealth;however,it significantly affected the productive expense of herders at lower wealth levels.Moreover,the mediating effect indicated that formal credit could affect herders'household income,thus influencing their household expenses.Finally,this study suggests that policies should improve herders'accessibility to formal credit.
文摘John Gottfried von Herder is a very influential German philosopher, linguist and translation theorist. His translation works and theories exert profound impact on translation theories not only in Germany but also in the whole west countries. This paper aims at briefly introducing Herder＇s translation theories to have a thorough understanding of Herder as a translation theorist.
文摘In Mongolia,the numbers of herders who own more than 1,000 herds have been increasing year by year.Some of the herder families are operating small agricultural factories as well.The appropriate power supply systems are not being developed yet in their farms.At the farms,mostly 4-10 herder families work together and the monthly power consumption of one farm reaches to 11.8-14.9 kWh.Currently,the gasoline,diesel,solar and wind power are being used as a source of energy production.In addition,the small-scale CHP(Combined Heat and Power)system is not introduced to the farms for their sustainable operation.There are abundant biomass resources in the rural area of Mongolia.In this paper,we conduct experimental studies on biomass gasification system and suggest small-scale CHP system for rural farms in Mongolia.
文摘This paper is a historical survey of western construction of the images of Con-fucianism ranging from the sixteenth century to nineteenth century. The historical process ofWestern version of Confucianism originally was traced back to European missionaries, whoplayed crucial role in collecting Confucian primary sources and praising the ethical and socialvalues of Confucianism. Inspired by the primary sources of Confucianism, Enlightenmentscholars represented the image of Confucianism as romanticized ideal of natural theory andpractical morality for European culture. However, western＇ s imagination of Confucianism inthe nineteenth century shifted from a cultural and political ideal to childish and static traditioninferior to European culture, as emphasized in Hegel and Herder＇ s works. All these Westernimages of Confucianism illustrate the historical expressions of European self - presentation,self- confirmation and self- criticism.
文摘In Mongolia,approx.200,000 herder families are breeding the livestock for their livings.Nearly half of them are not able to use the energy in proper or sustainable manner yet.Both the herd population and number of domestic animals reach 70.0 million in Mongolia.It is assumed that the power demand for a typical herder family is around 10 to 20 kWh/day.In addition,there is a demand of heat for the herder families,especially in winter season.The herder family moves around for the fresh grass for their livestock.Therefore,they need to have a portable power supply source.There is an abundant biomass resource in their living circumstances.The 2.0 kW portable biomass micro-cogeneration systems were designed to supply electricity and heat to herder family.The residue of the biomass in the steppe emits greenhouse gas(GHG)indeed.It is necessary to use biomass as an energy source,especially for electricity to reduce emitting of the GHG.
文摘Tsebum, a herder from the northern nomadic area of the Tibet Autonomous Region, has turned out to be quite the online celebrity in Beijing! A picture of the smiling man with his heroic-looking red plaited hair and yellow robe decorated with a dragon quickly went viral on WeChat and Weibo."What a handsome Tibetan herder!" came netizens' praise.
文摘At noon,Dargye's wife cooked lunch for us.While chanting, the generous herder brought us dishes with green pepper fried with yak meat,well-cooked potato slices,vegetable soup and rice. We were told that all vegetables were actually picked from his glass house.Dargye said that just several years before,his family could only purchase vegetables from the markets of the County's downtown,200 km far away.
基金The Strategic Priority Research Program (A) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA20050103)International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Global Dryland Programme, 121311KYSB20170004)The National Natural Science Foundation of China (42001267)。
文摘Grasslands have critically important ecological and economic values while most of them have been suffering from various degrees of degradation in China due to overgrazing. The “Forage-Livestock Balance”(FLB)policy has been implemented for more than a decade, aims to balance the relationship between forage productivity and grazing consumption of grasslands by livestock. According to the review of statistical data and literatures on policy evaluation, FLB-dominated subsidies for grassland ecological conservation policies are ineffective on grassland restoration, livestock reduction in some overloaded areas and improvement on herdsmen livelihood. To deal with the dilemma, we suggest a fundamental shift of strategy from controlling livestock numbers to maintaining and improving grassland health(MIGH) based on ecological theories, and promote the sustainable development of grassland in China. The results show that, FLB policy failed to obtain expected benefits mainly because it interfered with the herders’ autonomous use of contracted grasslands along with the defects of its underlying theory and methodologies. Implementing reward and punishment based on ecosystem health will not only motivate herders to manage their grassland autonomously, but also be more scientific and feasible than FLB.
