Omental fibroma combined with right indirect inguinal hernia masquerades as a scrotal tumor: A case report

BACKGROUND The most common causes of scrotal enlargement in patients include primary tumor of the scrotum,inflammation,hydrocele of the tunica vaginalis,and indirect inguinal hernia;scrotal enlargement caused by external tumors of the scrotum is rare.The patient had both a greater omentum tumor and an inguinal hernia,and the tumor protruded into the scrotum through the hernia sac,which is even rarer.Moreover,omental tumors are mostly metastatic,and primary omental fibroma is rare.CASE SUMMARY Here,we report a rare case of a 25-year-old young man with scrotal enlargement and pain for 3 months.Preoperative examination and multidisciplinary discu-ssions considered intra-abdominal tumor displacement and inguinal hernia,and intraoperative exploration confirmed that the greater omentum tumor protruded into the scrotum.Therefore,tumor resection and tension-free inguinal hernia repair were performed.The final diagnosis was benign fibroma of the greater omentum accompanied by an indirect inguinal hernia.CONCLUSION This unusual presentation of a common inguinal hernia disease illustrates the necessity of performing detailed history taking,physical examination,and imaging before surgery.

Omental mass combined with indirect inguinal hernia leads to a scrotal mass: A case report

BACKGROUND Primary omental tumors are uncommon,and omental fibromas account for 2%of these tumors.Due to the low incidence of omental fibromas and the limited relevant literature,it is challenging for clinicians to make an accurate diagnosis of this condition,especially before surgery.CASE SUMMARY A 30-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of a left epididymal mass with vague discomfort for more than 1 mo.A physical examination was performed,and the findings showed that the epididymal mass may have entered the abdominal cavity.Pelvic computed tomography was performed in our hospital and revealed a left inguinal hernia with a mass in the hernial contents,and no masses were found in the left epididymis.A traditional inguinal hernia incision was made.Intraoperative hernia contents were found to be of the greater omentum,and a 2.5 cm-diameter mass was found at the distal end of the greater omentum.The scrotum and epididymis did not exhibit other masses.Then,the mass of the greater omentum was excised.Intraoperative frozen pathological examination suggested a spindle cell tumor.The postoperative pathological examination suggested that the mass was an omental angiofibroma.Postoperatively,the patient recovered well and was discharged.Outpatient re-examinations were performed at 1 mo and half a year after the operation and showed no obvious abnormalities.CONCLUSION Due to the low morbidity rate associated with and latent nature of omental tumors,these tumors are difficult to diagnose preoperatively;thorough medical history taking,detailed physical examinations,and necessary imaging auxiliary examinations can help clinicians diagnose and treat these cases.

Single-incision laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair in the treatment of adult female patients with inguinal hernia

BACKGROUND Women have a 3%lifetime chance of developing an inguinal hernia,which is not as common in men.Due to its cosmetic benefits,single-incision laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal(SIL-TAPP)inguinal hernia repair is becoming in-creasingly popular in the management of inguinal hernia in women.However,there are no studies comparing the safety and applicability of SIL-TAPP repair with conventional laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal(CL-TAPP)inguinal hernia repair for the treatment of inguinal hernia in women.AIM To compare the outcomes of SIL-TAPP and CL-TAPP repair in adult female patients with inguinal hernia and to estimate the safety and applicability of SIL-TAPP repair in adult female inguinal hernia patients.METHODS We retrospectively compared the clinical information and follow-up data of fe-male inguinal hernia patients who underwent SIL-TAPP inguinal hernia repair and those who underwent CL-TAPP inguinal hernia repair at the Affiliated Hos-pital of Nantong University from February 2018 to December 2020 and assessed the long-term and short-term outcomes of both cohorts.RESULTS This study included 123 patients,with 71 undergoing SIL-TAPP repair and 52 un-dergoing CL-TAPP repair.The two cohorts of patients and inguinal hernia charac-teristics were similar,with no statistically meaningful difference.The rate of intraoperative inferior epigastric vessel injury was lower in patients in the SIL-TAPP cohort(0,0%)than in patients in the CL-TAPP cohort(4,7.7%)and was significantly different(P<0.05).In addition,the median[interquartile range(IQR)]total hospitalization costs were significantly lower in patients in the SIL-TAPP cohort[$3287(3218-3325)]than in patients in the CL-TAPP cohort[$3511(3491-3599)].Postoperatively,the occurrence rate of trocar site hernia was lower in the SIL-TAPP cohort(0,0%)than in the CL-TAPP cohort(4,7.7%),and the median(IQR)cosmetic score was significantly higher in the SIL-TAPP cohort[10(10-10)]than in the CL-TAPP cohort[9(9-10)].CONCLUSION SIL-TAPP repair did not increase the incidence of intraoperative and postoperative complications in female in-guinal hernia patients.Moreover,female inguinal hernia patients who underwent SIL-TAPP repair had a lower probability of trocar site hernia and inferior epigastric vessel injury than female inguinal hernia patients who un-derwent CL-TAPP repair.In addition,female inguinal hernia patients who underwent SIL-TAPP repair reported a more aesthetically pleasing postoperative abdominal incision.Therefore,SIL-TAPP repair is a better option for the treatment of inguinal hernias in women.

Analysis of the Effect and Efficiency of Tension- Free Hernia Repair and Traditional Surgery in The Treatment of Hernia

Objective: To analyze the efficiency of tension-free hernia repair and traditional surgery in the treatment of hernia. Methods: A total of 80 patients with hernias were selected and randomly into a control group (traditional hernia repair) and an observation group (tension-free hernia repair), of 40 cases each. The perioperative indicators, pain, physiological stress indicators, complications, and recurrence rates between the two groups were compared. Results: The perioperative indexes of the observation group were better than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The postoperative pain score, postoperative physiological stress index level, incidence of complications, and recurrence rate of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: In the surgical treatment of hernia, tension-free hernia repair was less traumatic and had a better effect than traditional hernia repair.

Repair of a giant inguinoscrotal hernia with herniation of the ileum and sigmoid colon:A case report

BACKGROUND Giant inguinoscrotal hernias are huge inguinal hernias that extend below the midpoint of the inner thigh in the standing posture.Giant inguinoscrotal hernias are rare in developed countries because of their better medical resources and early treatment.However,they can develop in patients who refuse surgery or ignore their condition.Intervention is inevitable because strangulation and organ perforation can occur,leading to peritonitis and sepsis.Common surgical approaches include open abdominal and inguinal approaches or a combination of both.CASE SUMMARY We present the case of a 73-year-old man who visited our emergency department with a huge mass in his left scrotum and septic complications.Abdominal computed tomography revealed a large left inguinoscrotal hernia that contained small bowel loops and the colon.Emergency surgical intervention was performed immediately because intestinal strangulation was highly suspected.The operative repair was performed using a combination of mini-exploratory laparotomy and the inguinal approach.The incarcerated organs,which included the ileum and sigmoid colon,had relatively good intestinal perfusion without perforation or ischemic changes.They were successfully reduced into the abdomen,and bowel resection was not necessary.A tension-free prosthetic mesh was used for the hernia repair.Two weeks after the initial surgery,and with adequate antimicrobial therapy,the patient recovered and was discharged from our hospital.No evidence of hernia relapse was noted during the outpatient follow-up examination 3 mo after surgery.CONCLUSION Emergency surgery involving combined mini-exploratory laparotomy and the inguinal approach should be performed for serious incarcerated giant inguinoscrotal hernias.

Ultrasound diagnosis of congenital Morgagni hernias: Ten years of experience at two Chinese centers

BACKGROUND Morgagni hernias are rare anomalies that are easily misdiagnosed or missed.AIM To summarize the ultrasound(US)imaging characteristics of Morgagni hernias through a comparison of imaging and surgical results.METHODS The records of children with Morgagni hernias who were hospitalized at two hospitals between January 2013 and November 2023 were retrospectively re-viewed in terms of clinical findings,US features,and operative details.RESULTS Between 2013 and 2023,we observed nine(five male and four female)children with Morgagni hernias.Upper abdominal scanning revealed a widening of the prehepatic space,with an abnormal channel extending from the xiphoid process to the right or left side of the thoracic cavity.The channel had intestinal duct and intestinal gas echoes.Hernia contents were found in the transverse colon(n=6),the colon and small intestine(n=2),and the colon and stomach(n=1).Among the patients,seven had a right-sided lesion,two had a left-sided lesion,and all of them had hernial sacs.CONCLUSION US imaging can accurately determine the location,extent,and content of Morgagni hernias.For suspected Mor-gagni hernias,we recommend performing sonographic screening first.

Comparative Analysis of the Efficacy of Transabdominal Pre-Peritoneal Vs Open Tension-Free Hernia Repair in Treating Inguinal Hernia

Objective:To investigate and analyze the clinical outcomes of inguinal hernia patients treated with transabdominal pre-peritoneal repair(TAPP)versus open tension-free hernia repair.Methods:The study was carried out from January 2021 to August 2023,and a total of 50 inguinal hernia patients were selected for this study.The patients were randomly divided into a study group(n=25)and a control group(n=25)by the numerical table method.The patients in the control group were treated with open tension-free hernia repair,whereas the patients in the study group were treated with TAPP.The surgical and postoperative recovery indexes,complication rates,and recurrence rates of the two groups were compared.Results:There was no significant difference in the operative time and intraoperative blood loss between the two groups(P>0.05),and the postoperative feeding time,time out of bed,and hospitalization time of the study group were shorter than those of the control group(P<0.05);the incidence rate of postoperative complications in the study group was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05);and there was no significant difference in the recurrence rate of the two groups after operation(P>0.05).Conclusion:Compared to open tension-free hernia repair,TAPP offers a shorter postoperative recovery duration and hospitalization time,and reduces the incidence of complications.Therefore,this surgical method should be popularized in the treatment of inguinal hernia.

Clinical observation of extraction-site incisional hernia after laparoscopic colorectal surgery

BACKGROUND Laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery increases the risk of incisional hernia(IH)at the tumor extraction site.AIM To investigate the incidence of IH at extraction sites following laparoscopic colo-rectal cancer surgery and identify the risk factors for IH incidence.METHODS This study retrospectively analyzed the data of 1614 patients who underwent la-paroscopic radical colorectal cancer surgery with tumor extraction through the abdominal wall at our center between January 2017 and December 2022.Diffe-rences in the incidence of postoperative IH at different extraction sites and the risk factors for IH incidence were investigated.RESULTS Among the 1614 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical colorectal cancer surgery,303(18.8%),923(57.2%),171(10.6%),and 217(13.4%)tumors were ex-tracted through supraumbilical midline,infraumbilical midline,umbilical,and off-midline incisions.Of these,52 patients developed IH in the abdominal wall,with an incidence of 3.2%.The incidence of postoperative IH was significantly higher in the off-midline incision group(8.8%)than in the middle incision groups[the supraumbilical midline(2.6%),infraumbilical midline(2.2%),and umbilical incision(2.9%)groups](χ^(2)=24.985;P<0.05).Univariate analysis showed that IH occurrence was associated with age,obesity,sex,chronic cough,incision infection,and combined diabetes,anemia,and hypopro-teinemia(P<0.05).Similarly,multivariate analysis showed that off-midline incision,age,sex(female),obesity,incision infection,combined chronic cough,and hypoproteinemia were independent risk factors for IH at the site of laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The incidence of postoperative IH differs between extraction sites for laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery.The infraumbilical midline incision is associated with a lower hernia rate and is thus a suitable tumor extraction site.

Ultrasonic manifestations and age distribution of internal abdominal hernia in children

Objective To observe the ultrasonic manifestations and age distribution of internal abdominal hernia in children.Methods Data of 53 children with internal abdominal hernia confirmed by operation were retrospectively analyzed.The ultrasonic findings were observed,and the age distribution of children was analyzed.Results Among 53 cases,"cross sign"was observed in 22 cases(22/53,41.51%),and"hernia ring beak sign"was detected in 26 cases(26/53,49.06%)by preoperative ultrasound,according to which 21 cases were diagnosed as internal abdominal hernia,with the accuracy of 39.62%(21/53).Meanwhile,manifestations of intestinal obstruction were noticed in 48 cases(48/53,90.57%),and intestinal necrosis was considered in 22 cases(22/53,41.51%).Four cases were misdiagnosed as intestinal perforation,appendicitis,intestinal atresia and volvulus,each in 1 case.The onset age of postoperative adhesive band internal hernia was larger than that of mesenteric hiatal hernia(P<0.05),while no significant difference of onset age was found among other types of internal abdominal hernias(all P>0.05).Intestinal ischemic necrosis was found in 25 cases,while the incidence of intestinal necrosis in children aged≤1 year,>1 and≤3 years,>3 and≤7 years and those>7 years was 66.67%(12/18),33.33%(4/12),36.36%(4/11)and 41.67%(5/12),respectively.Conclusion The characteristic ultrasonic findings of internal abdominal hernia in children included"cross sign"and"hernia ring beak sign".Internal abdominal hernia in children under 1 year had high risk of intestinal necrosis.

Traumatic Diaphragmatic Hernia in Children: A Case Report

Introduction: Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia is a rare condition in children complicating closed or penetrating trauma to the abdomen and thorax. We report the case of an 11-year-old girl with a traumatic diaphragmatic hernia. Case Presentation: An 11-year-old girl was seen in the paediatric surgery department for a thoracolumbar spine deformity and intermittent chest pain. These symptoms occurred after a domestic accident involving a fall from a low wall onto the thoracolumbar spine 5 months previously. The diagnosis was suggested by the presence of a left hemithoracic hydroaera and confirmed by a thoraco-abdominal CT scan. Surgical exploration revealed a linear rupture of the entire left hemi-diaphragm with herniation of the stomach, small intestine, cecum, transverse colon and omentum. We performed a double-layer suture of the diaphragmatic rupture with a non-absorbable suture without edge rejuvenation after the reduction of the hernia. The outcome was favourable with normal postoperative radiographs at one year follow-up. Conclusion: Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia, although uncommon and difficult to diagnose, is a condition that is relatively easy to manage surgically, even if it is discovered late. In all cases of trauma to the thoracolumbar spine, regular follow-up and repeat X-rays are necessary if pain persists.

Robotic-assisted versus laparoscopic repair of type II, III and IV hiatal hernias: A retrospective study comparing adverse outcomes

Objective:Robotic-assisted surgery(RAS)is continuing to expand in use in surgical specialties,including foregut surgery.The available data on its use in large hiatal hernia(HH)repair are limited and conflicting.This study sought to determine whether there are significant differences in adverse outcomes following HH repair performed with a robotic approach vs.a laparoscopic approach.This study was limited to outcomes in patients with type II,III,and IV HHs,as these hernias are typically more challenging to repair.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed from data obtained from TriNetX,a large deidentified clinical database,over a 10-year period.Adult patients who underwent type II,III,or IV HH repair were included in the study.HH with robotic repair was compared to laparoscopic repair.Cohorts were propensity score matched for demographic information and comorbidities.Risk ratios,risk differences(RDs)with 95%confidence intervals(CIs),and t test for each examined adverse outcome were used to estimate the effects of robotic repair vs.laparoscopic repair.Results:In total,20,016 patients who met the inclusion criteria were identified;1,515 patients utilized RAS,and 18,501 used laparoscopy.Prior to matching,there were significant differences in age,sex,comorbidity,and BMI between the two cohorts.After 1:1 propensity score matching,analyses of 1,514 well-matched patient pairs revealed no significant differences in demographics or comorbidities.Patients who underwent robotic repair were more likely to experience major complications,including venous thromboembolism(RD:0.007,95%CI:0.003,0.011;p?0.002),critical care(RD:0.023,95%CI:0.007,0.039;p?0.004),urinary/renal complications(RD:0.027,95%CI:0.014,0.041;p<0.001),and respiratory complications(RD:0.046,95%CI:0.028,0.064;p<0.001).RAS was associated with a significantly shorter length of stay(32.4±27.5 h vs.35.7±50.1 h,p?0.031),although this finding indicated a reduction in the length of stay of less than 4 hours.No statistically significant differences in risk of esophageal perforation,infection,postprocedural shock,bleeding,mortality,additional emergency room visits,cardiac complications,or wound disruption were found.Conclusions:Patients who undergo robotic-assisted large HH repair are at increased risk of venous thromboembolism,need critical care,urinary or renal complications and respiratory complications.Due to variations in RAS technique,experience,and surgical volumes,further study of this surgical approach and complication rates is warranted.

Hybrid IPOM: A Novel Technique for the Management of Incisional Hernia

Background and Aim: The incidence of incisional hernias has been reported to be around 15%. In the present scenario, a wide array of surgical procedures are available for their better management. In this study, we intend to share our experience with one novel technique, “Hybrid IPOM (Intraperitoneal onlay meshplasty)” as a management option for a selected cohort of patients. Methods: This prospective study was undertaken during January 2019 to July 2023 at King Abdullah medical city, Makkah. A total of 51 cases were selected for Hybrid IPOM repair as per inclusion criteria;medium sized (4 - 10 cm) hernia defects;uncomplicated hernias;age more than 18 years. The follow-up period of the patients varied from 6 months to 4 years. The operation commenced with open hernia dissection, mesh deployment into abdomen, defect closure and then conversion to laparoscopy for the posterior mesh placement. Results: A total of 51 cases were repaired successfully with this technique. 48 out of 51 cases were incisional hernias secondary to some primary procedure done either for hernias itself or some other intra-abdominal pathology. The three cases were primary hernias falling in medium to large category with unaesthetic overlying skin. The age range was 19 to 72 years. The mean (range) operative time was 135 (90 - 240) min, and the average blood loss was 70 ml. The mean (range) hospital stay was 3 (2 - 11) days. All patients returned to routine work within 2 - 3 weeks of surgery. The median follow-up was 15 (6 - 48) months. Of the 51 cases, 3 patients developed seroma (managed conservatively), 1 patient developed a large hematoma (needed evacuation), and 1 patient developed superficial wound infection (managed with antibiotics). Two patients had recurrences;one patient had previously failed multiple repairs, and the other developed a postoperative hematoma. None of our patients had an iatrogenic bowel injury. Conclusion: Hybrid IPOM technique is a safe, feasible and easily reproducible technique. It may prove easier especially for beginners in laparoscopy, as it achieves faster and easy adhesiolysis thereby reducing operative time and easier establishment of the pneumoperitoneum. Besides, it gives the chance to excise ugly scars and improve the cosmesis.

Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects of Inguinal Hernia in Children in the General Surgery Department of Reference Health Center in Commune I of Bamako Mali

Inguinal hernia in children is a congenital pathology in children linked to the persistence of the peritoneo-vaginal canal in children and the NüCK canal in girls;persisting into adulthood. This work aimed to study inguinal hernia in children in the general surgery department of the Reference Health Center of Commune I of the Bamako District;to determine the frequency of inguinal hernia;describe the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of inguinal hernias and in order to evaluate the cost of treatment. This was a prospective study from April 2017 to March 2018 during which 60 children with an inguinal hernia were collected. Inguinal hernias in children represented 9.23% of patients operated on in the department. The average age was 59.23 months with extremes of one month and 180 months and a standard deviation of 49.23 years. The male sex was dominant with a sex ratio equal to 9:1. The notion of prematurity was found in 11.7% and was associated with a testicle not in place in 1.7% of cases. 41.7% of our patients were referred by a doctor and 66.7% of patients presented with painless, intermittent inguino-scrotal swelling (83.3% of cases). The hernia was discovered before one week of life in 50% of cases. Inguinal swelling was absent in 11.7% but observed intraoperatively. The inguinal hernia was unilateral in 91.7% of cases and 70% of hernias were discovered by the parents during pushing efforts. The inguinal hernia was located on the right in 61.7% of cases. The hernia swelling was soft, painless, impulsive and reducible in 78.3% of cases. The swelling was inguino-scrotal in 58.3% of cases. The hernia was simple in 95% of patients and hernial strangulation was observed in 3 cases or 5% of cases. 98.3% of patients were ASA I. The treatment was carried out openly in all our patients including closure of the vaginal peritoneal canal in 95% of cases under general anesthesia in 98.3% of cases. The morbidity rate was 8.4% (surgical site infection: 6.7% of cases and hematoma: 1.7%). The immediate consequences were simple in 96.6% of cases. No cases of recurrence occurred during the 6 months after the intervention. The average cost of care was estimated at 69,743 FCFA.

Laparoscopic Surgery of Incisional Hernia: Technique and Short-Term Results in Three Surgical Units in Cameroon

Introduction: Incisional hernia is a common medical situation and its treatment has always been a challenge for general surgeons. If laparoscopic repair has become a gold standard elsewhere, it is increasingly done in our milieu, but no data has been found. The aim of this study was to review this surgery done in our country so far, to describe the operative technique and to evaluate the postoperative outcomes. Patients and Methods: We conducted an observational descriptive study with retrospective collection of data from the 1st of July 2018 to 30th of June 2022, in three hospitals in Cameroon. Data on socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, surgical technique and postoperative outcomes of patients who had a laparoscopic repair of their incisional hernia were collected. Results: We reviewed 20 files. There were 14 women with an average age of 54.6 years. The average BMI was 32.8 kg/m2. Thirteen patients had a moderate size hernia and the hernia was localized at the midline in 18 cases. Only composite biface meshes were used with dimensions chosen to obtain at least 5 cm overlap. Spiral tacks were the only fixation means used. We registered 3 complications. One case of generalized peritonitis secondary to missed digestive perforation, one case of seroma and one case of postoperative ileus. We registered no death. Conclusion: Laparoscopic repair of incisional hernias is feasible in a resource-limited setting like ours. Compliance with the operative technique and recommendations is important to obtain short-term results closed to that put forward by literature.

Congenital Hernia of the Diaphragmatic Dome with Neonatal Revelation, Experience from the Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at the University Hospital Center of Oujda

Congenital hernia of the diaphragmatic dome (CHDD) is an embryonic malformation in which all or part of the diaphragmatic dome fails to develop properly. In the majority of cases (80% to 90%), this malformation affects the left posterolateral part of the diaphragm, while in 10% to 15% of cases it affects the right. Bilateral cases are extremely rare, accounting for less than 1% of cases. This malformation is estimated to occur at a frequency of around 1 in 3500 births, with a male predominance. The diaphragmatic defect causes the abdominal organs to rise into the thoracic cavity during critical phases of lung development. These anomalies result in bilateral pulmonary hypoplasia, a reduced number of pulmonary vessels, and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The combination of these anatomical and functional anomalies, in varying degrees, explains the wide variability of symptoms at birth. Diagnosis is usually made prenatally by ultrasound, which enables severe forms of the disease to be detected and appropriate management initiated. The prognosis remains generally grave, with a neonatal mortality rate of between 30% and 60% depending on the study, and around half of all children will have long-term sequelae.

Misdiagnosed Meckel's diverticulum with internal hernia mimicking appendicitis:A case report

BACKGROUND Meckel's diverticulum is a common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract,with a higher incidence rate in children under 7 years old.The condition is characteristically asymptomatic but may become a clinical concern when complications such as intestinal obstruction,bleeding,perforation,or diverticulitis precipitate acute abdominal presentations.CASE SUMMARY This report describes the case of a middle-aged man initially suspected of having acute appendicitis,which rapidly progressed to acute peritonitis with concomitant intestinal obstruction observed during preoperative assessment.Surgical exploration confirmed the diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum-induced internal hernia,accompanied by intestinal obstruction and necrosis.In addition,the hernial ring base exhibited entrapment resembling a surgical knot.CONCLUSION Meckel's diverticulum is a rare cause of small bowel obstruction in adults,and it should be considered in a differential diagnosis.

Occurrence and prevention of incisional hernia following laparoscopic colorectal surgery

Among minimally invasive surgical procedures,colorectal surgery is associated with a notably higher incidence of incisional hernia(IH),ranging from 1.7% to 24.3%.This complication poses a significant burden on the healthcare system annually,necessitating urgent attention from surgeons.In a study published in the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery,Fan et al compared the incidence of IH among 1614 patients who underwent laparoscopic colorectal surgery with different extraction site locations and evaluated the risk factors associated with its occurrence.This editorial analyzes the current risk factors for IH after laparoscopic colorectal surgery,emphasizing the impact of obesity,surgical site infection,and the choice of incision location on its development.Furthermore,we summarize the currently available preventive measures for IH.Given the low surgical repair rate and high recurrence rate associated with IH,prevention deserves greater research and attention compared to treatment.

Combined laparoscopic and thoracoscopic repair of adult right-sided Bochdalek hernia with massive liver prolapse: A case report

BACKGROUND A Bochdalek hernia(BH)is a congenital diaphragmatic hernia that often develops in the neonatal period.BH typically occurs on the left side of the diaphragm.A right-sided BH in an adult is rare.CASE SUMMARY A 45-year-old man was referred to our hospital because of an abnormal shadow seen on chest radiography during a medical check-up.A chest radiograph showed elevation of the right hemidiaphragm.Computed tomography showed prolapse of multiple intraabdominal organs into the right thoracic cavity,corresponding to a right-sided BH.The herniated contents included the stomach,transverse colon,and left lobe of the liver.The left lobe of the liver was enlarged,particularly the medial segment.Laparoscopic surgery was performed.However,the left lobe of the liver was completely trapped in the thoracic cavity.Therefore,thoracoscopic manipulation had to be performed to return the liver to the abdominal cavity.The hernia was repaired with interrupted nonabsorbable sutures and reinforced with mesh.CONCLUSION Combined laparoscopic and thoracoscopic surgery was successfully performed for right-sided BH with massive liver prolapse and abnormal liver morphology.

Reinforced tissue matrix to strengthen the abdominal wall following reversal of temporary ostomies or to treat incisional hernias

BACKGROUND Abdominal wall deficiencies or weakness are a common complication of tem-porary ostomies,and incisional hernias frequently develop after colostomy or ileostomy takedown.The use of synthetic meshes to reinforce the abdominal wall has reduced hernia occurrence.Biologic meshes have also been used to enhance healing,particularly in contaminated conditions.Reinforced tissue matrices(R-TMs),which include a biologic scaffold of native extracellular matrix and a syn-thetic component for added strength/durability,are designed to take advantage of aspects of both synthetic and biologic materials.To date,RTMs have not been reported to reinforce the abdominal wall following stoma reversal.METHODS Twenty-eight patients were selected with a parastomal and/or incisional hernia who had received a temporary ileostomy or colostomy for fecal diversion after rectal cancer treatment or trauma.Following hernia repair and proximal stoma closure,RTM(OviTex®1S permanent or OviTex®LPR)was placed to reinforce the abdominal wall using a laparoscopic,robotic,or open surgical approach.Post-operative follow-up was performed at 1 month and 1 year.Hernia recurrence was determined by physical examination and,when necessary,via computed tomo-graphy scan.Secondary endpoints included length of hospital stay,time to return to work,and hospital readmissions.Evaluated complications of the wound/repair site included presence of surgical site infection,seroma,hematoma,wound dehiscence,or fistula formation.RESULTS The observational study cohort included 16 male and 12 female patients with average age of 58.5 years±16.3 years and average body mass index of 26.2 kg/m^(2)±4.1 kg/m^(2).Patients presented with a parastomal hernia(75.0%),in-cisional hernia(14.3%),or combined parastomal/incisional hernia(10.7%).Using a laparoscopic(53.6%),robotic(35.7%),or open(10.7%)technique,RTMs(OviTex®LPR:82.1%,OviTex®1S:17.9%)were placed using sublay(82.1%)or intraperitoneal onlay(IPOM;17.9%)mesh positioning.At 1-month and 1-year follow-ups,there were no hernia recurrences(0%).Average hospital stays were 2.1 d±1.2 d and return to work occurred at 8.3 post-operative days±3.0 post-operative days.Three patients(10.7%)were readmitted before the 1-month follow up due to mesh infection and/or gastrointestinal issues.Fistula and mesh infection were observed in two patients each(7.1%),leading to partial mesh removal in one patient(3.6%).There were no complications between 1 month and 1 year(0%).CONCLUSION RTMs were used successfully to treat parastomal and incisional hernias at ileostomy reversal,with no hernia recurrences and favorable outcomes after 1-month and 1-year.

Urogenital Complications of Groin Hernia Surgery: A Multicentre Study in Guinea

Context and Objective: Groin hernia is a common pathology in visceral surgery (2nd rank after appendicitis), which affects approximately 4.6% of the African population. Restoring the normal anatomy of the groin region is one of the most benign interventions. However, uro-andrological complications are possible. This study aimed to contribute to the improvement of the management of urogenital complications of groin hernia surgery. Patients and Method: We carried out a prospective study of descriptive type with a duration of 6 months from 1 August 2021 to 31 January 2022. The data were collected using a pre-established survey sheet. The study covered several sites (public hospitals and private clinics) in Guinea. Results: The urogenital complications of the surgery of the hernia of the groin represented 15.22% or 14 cases out of 92 patients. The average age was 37.00 years with extremes of 20-69 years. Polygamists occupied the first place. The reason for consultation was dominated by decreased testicular volume (42.86%), followed by a desire to conceive (21.43%). Unilateral testicular atrophy represented 63.64%, bilateral 27.27%. We performed a left orchidectomy in one patient and a cystorraphy in another simple operative follow-up. The other cases consisting of testicular atrophy, due to lack of a suitable technical platform, did not benefit from any specific therapeutic treatment. Conclusion: Urogenital complications of groin hernia surgery are relatively common. Testicular atrophy was the main clinical complication. The left orchidectomy and cystorraphy were the therapeutic procedures performed.