Effects of Health Education with Problem-Based Learning Approaches on the Knowledge, Attitude, Practice and Coping Skills of Women with High-Risk Pregnancies in Plateau Areas

Objective: Given the unique cultural background, way of life, and physical environment of the Tibetan Plateau, this study aims to investigate the effects of health education using problem-based learning (PBL) approaches on the knowledge, attitude, practice, and coping skills of women with high-risk pregnancies in this region. Methods: 76 high-risk pregnancy cases were enrolled at Tibet’s Linzhi People’s Hospital between September 2023 and April 2024. 30 patients admitted between September 2023 and December 2023 were selected as the control group and were performed with regular patient education. 46 patients admitted between January 2024 and April 2024 were selected as the observation group and were performed regular patient education with problem-based learning approaches. Two groups’ performance on their health knowledge, attitude, practice and coping skills before and after interventions were evaluated, and patient satisfaction were measured at the end of the study. Results: There was no statistical significance (P P P Conclusions: Health education with problem-based learning approaches is worth promoting as it can help high-risk pregnant women in plateau areas develop better health knowledge, attitude and practice and healthier coping skills. Also, it can improve patient sanctification.

Contamination of Fungi and Mycotoxins in Foodstuffs in High Risk Area of Esophageal Cancer

Fungal and mycotoxin contamination has been found in fordstuffs from Cixian County, an area with a high incidence of esophageal carcinoma (Eca). To set a scientific foundation for the prevention of Eca at the etiological level, fungal and mycotoxin contaminations of local foodstuffs in Cixian County were analyzed using classical fungal culture methods and HPLC. From 1990 to 1994, 220 corn/wheat samples and 34 corn samples were studied. As a control, 26 corn samples collected from a relatively low incidence area of Eca in Zanhuang County were analyzed for mycotoxins in 1990. The results showed that fungal contamination in corn and wheat was severe and that several of the predominant contaminating fungi such as Furasium moniliforme, etc. were carcinogenic. HPLC results showed that the detection rate and mean content of the mycotoxin sterigmatocystin (ST) in the mountainous area (5/8; 9. 14 μg/kg) were significantly higher than those in the hilly (0; 0) and plain areas (1/18; 1. 29 μg/kg) as well as in low risk area control samples (3/26; 0. 76 μg/kg). Detection rates of deoxynivalenol (DON) in mountainous and hilly areas (5/8, 4/8 respectively) were slightly higher than that in plain area (8/18), while the mean content of DON in the plain area was significantly higher (90. 45-170. 22 vs 50. 56 and 46. 45 μg/kg).Among the different aflatoxins, AFB1 was detected in samples from the two villages in the plain area for the subsequent two years. The mean content of AFB1 was 0. 0183μg/kg, and the highest level was 0. 0497 μg/kg. No AFB1 was detected in the samples from mountainous and hilly areas. AFG1 was detected in more than half of all the samples, and its concentration ranged from 8. 77 to 46. 51 ng/kg. No AFG2 was found in the samples. Thus, the results suggest that at present, fungal and mycotoxin contamination of foodstuffs in Cixian County are quite common.

Cost-benefit analysis of esophageal cancer endoscopic screening in high-risk areas of China

AIM:To estimate the cost-benefit of endoscopic screening strategies of esophageal cancer(EC)in high-risk areas of China. METHODS:Markov model-based analyses were conducted to compare the net present values(NPVs)and the benefit-cost ratios(BCRs)of 12 EC endoscopic screening strategies.Strategies varied according to the targeted screening age,screening frequencies,and follow-up intervals.Model parameters were collected from population-based studies in China,published literatures,and surveillance data. RESULTS:Compared with non-screening outcomes,all strategies with hypothetical 100 000 subjects saved life years.Among five dominant strategies determined by the incremental cost-effectiveness analysis,screening once at age 50 years incurred the lowest NPV(international dollar-I$55 million)and BCR(2.52).Screening six times between 40-70 years at a 5-year interval[i.e., six times(40)f-strategy]yielded the highest NPV(I$99 million)and BCR(3.06).Compared with six times(40)fstrategy,screening thrice between 40-70 years at a 10-year interval resulted in relatively lower NPV,but the same BCR. CONCLUSION:EC endoscopic screening is cost-beneficial in high-risk areas of China.Policy-makers should consider the cost-benefit,population acceptance,and local economic status when choosing suitable screening strategies.

Application Analysis of High Risk HPV Detection Combined with Cervical Cytology, Colposcopy and Pathology in Cervical Lesions of Women in Tiandeng County

Purpose: To understand the application of high-risk HPV detection combined with cervical cytology, colposcopy and pathology in cervical lesions of women in Tiandeng County. Method: Women in the outpatient and inpatient departments of our hospital from January 2021 to October 2022 were collected for high-risk HPV testing, TCT, colposcopy and pathological examination according to their personal wishes, to understand the application of relevant examinations in cervical lesions. Result: In 2021, the number of patients was 5801, among whom 1743 patients had received cervical cancer examination in the past, accounting for 30.05% of the total number of patients, and 5795 who had volunteered for TCT examination this time, accounting for 99.90% of the total;A total of 289 cases of atypical squamous cells with unclear significance (ASC-US) were detected, excluding 11 cases of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (ASC-H), 122 cases of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), 16 cases of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), 2 cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and 4 cases of atypical adenocyte (AGC);Atypical cervical adenocytosis and cervical carcinoma in situ were not detected. The number of people who volunteered for high-risk HPV testing was 4237, and the number of positive cases was 740, accounting for 17.47% of the screening population;Among 740 HPV-positive patients, 488 high-risk HPV-positive patients were selected for TCT examination, and 87 patients were found to be TCT positive;From 401 high-risk HPV-positive and TCT negative patients, 287 patients with possible lesions were screened out for colposcopy;The results showed that 60 patients may have certain cervical lesions and need further pathological examination and the results showed that 28 patients had CTN1 and 18 patients had CIN2 - 3. In 2022, 8840 patients received medical treatment, among which 3188 patients had received cervical cancer examination in the past, accounting for 36.06% of the total number of patients, and 8314 patients voluntarily underwent TCT examination, accounting for 94.05% of the total number of patients. 434 cases of atypical squamous cells with ambiguous meaning (ASC-US) were detected, excluding 13 cases of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (ASC-H), 217 cases of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), 35 cases of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), 1 case of squamous cell carcinoma, and 4 cases of atypical adenocarcinoma (AGC);Atypical cervical adenocytosis and cervical carcinoma in situ were not detected. The number of volunteers for high-risk HPV testing was 3871 cases, and the number of positive cases was 654 cases, accounting for 16.89% of the screening number. 527 high-risk HPV-positive patients were selected from 654 HPV-positive patients for TCT examination, and the number of TCT-positive patients was found to be 49. From 478 high-risk HPV-positive patients with TCT negative, 276 patients with possible lesions were screened out for colposcopy;The results showed that 66 patients may have certain cervical lesions and need further pathological examination;and then the results showed that 31 cases of CTN1 and 6 cases of CIN2 - 3. Conclusion: Gynecological high-risk HPV examination can provide better etiological sources for cervical cancer screening;Cervical cytology examination has high sensitivity;Colposcopy examination has high specificity;Pathological examination can be used as an effective supplement for cervical cytology examination and colposcopy;So high-risk HPV combined with cytology examination, colposcopy examination and pathological examination has high clinical application value;It is worth popularizing and applying.

Reflections on the New Classification of Tumors by the WHO and Changes in Esophageal Cancer in a High-risk Area

In year 2000, a book entitled the Pathology and Genetics of Tumors of the Digestive System was published by the WHO, presenting some new diagnostic criteria and treatment principles. I have analyzed the epidemiologic change of tumors in over 30 years in the high-risk area with esophageal cancer. The following phenomenon was found: accompanied by the sharp decrease in the incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer, there was an increase in the incidence and death rate of stomach cancer involving cardiac cancer. This fact should be considered when analyzing the sharp decrease in esophageal cancer incidence and mortality rate. More attention was given to diagnosis of cardiac cancer; at the same time it is more practical to improve the early screening of cancers. To observe the development of high and low -grade intraepithelial neoplasms will be an urgent task for esophageal cancer research in the high risk area, according to WHO'S new classification.

Soil Heavy Metal Pollution and Health Risk Assessment of Abandoned Land in Coal Mining Areas in Xingren County

Total contents of heavy metals （ Pb, Cr, Cd, Hg, As, Cu, Zn, and Ni） in 68 soil samples were determined to evaluate the contamination level of soil from five coal mine areas in Xingren County, Guizhou province. The pollution levels of heavy metals were characterized by anthro- pogenic influence multiple, and the pollution of heavy metal in soil was evaluated using geo-accumulation index. Based on the health risk models recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency （ US EPA）, the health risks of heavy metals in the soils were assessed. The results showed that the abandoned land in the five coal mining areas were contaminated by heavy metals, and the order of pollution levels of eight heavy metals was As 〉 Pb 〉 Cu 〉 Hg 〉 Ni 〉 Cr 〉 Cd 〉 Zn. The soils suffered moderate-heavy pollution from As and Pb, and the contents of As and Pb in the soils were 13.16 and 4.76 times higher than the background values of Guizhou Province, followed by Cu, Hg and Ni , while soil pollution from Cr, Cd and Zn was mild. The order of non-caminogenic risks of the heavy metals in the soils was As 〉 Pb 〉 Cr 〉 Ni 〉 Cu 〉 Hg 〉 Cd 〉 Zn, and the non-carcinogenic dsk value of As was higher than that its threshold value 1, which indicated that As had a high potential health risk to adults and children. The order of carcinogen risks of the four heavy metals was As 〉 Cd 〉 Cr 〉 Ni, and the carcinogenic risk value of As was higher than its threshold value, indicating that As had a high carcinogenic risk to adults and children. The carcinogenic risk values of other three heavy metals （ Cd, Cr and Ni） were lower than the threshold value, so they had no carcinogenic risk to human health. Moreover, children were more sensitively affect- ed by heavy metals from the abandoned land. Therefore, the health of children in such areas should be paid more attention to. The HI value of the eight heavy metals to children was seven times higher than that to adults. The contribution rate of HQAs to HI was about 88%, and the contribution rate of CRA, to TCR was about 98%, so As was the most crucial factor influencing non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic dsk in the abandoned soils.

上木江坪高陡斜坡危岩特征与定量风险评估

青藏高原东缘高陡斜坡危岩体严重威胁山区交通廊道的建设、运营与维护。本文以青藏高原东缘上木江坪高陡斜坡为研究对象,研究斜坡危岩体的崩塌落石对都四铁路和G350国道的危险性与定量风险,对山区交通廊道崩塌落石的防灾减灾具有重要意义。联合现场调查与无人机航空摄影技术,重建了高陡斜坡高精度三维地形,获取危岩体节理面产状,基于赤平投影明确了斜坡危岩体的破坏模式和稳定性。采用三维落石模拟软件RockyFor3D模拟了斜坡崩塌落石的运动轨迹,定量评估了落石危害范围、危险性分区与对道路车辆的定量风险。研究结果表明:斜坡后壁存在3处危岩体(A、B、C),分别且受3组节理控制,斜坡破坏为楔形破坏为主,斜坡危岩体处于基本稳定-不稳定状态。通过落石三维运动模拟可知,落石的运动轨迹受地形控制,在坡降较大位置,最大弹跳高度、最大速度与最大动能呈陡增趋势。危岩体A和B不会对都四铁路与G350国道产生威胁,仅使G350国道服务区西边和西南边缘处于极低危险区,其车辆风险均处于可接受风险区。危岩体C将使G350国道服务区、G350国道和都四铁路隧道口均处于极低-低危险区,对都四铁路和G350国道的车辆遇到落石的定量风险位于风险警告区,应对危岩体C的崩塌落石制定相应防灾减灾对策。

高潜水位采煤沉陷区微塑料赋存特征及风险评估

为探明高潜水位采煤沉陷区微塑料污染赋存特征及其环境风险,选取安徽省淮南市春申湖、舜耕湿地公园两个典型采煤沉陷区为研究区域,采集了表层水体,底泥及周边农田土壤样品,采用体视显微镜、扫描电镜、红外光谱对微塑料尺寸、形状、颜色及丰度等赋存特征进行表征.结果表明:采集的样本中多为纤维微塑料和薄膜微塑料,类型主要以聚乙烯,聚丙烯为主,颜色以黄色和透明为主,粒径大多小于500μm.采煤沉陷区的地表水丰度范围为0.77~7.1pcs/L,沉积物微塑料的丰度范围为540~2800pcs/kg,周边农田土壤微塑料的丰度范围为380~2380pcs/kg.采用污染负荷指数(PLI)模型进行评估,地表水和农田土壤的风险评估都为于Ⅰ级,属于轻微污染,而沉积物中的微塑料风险评估为Ⅱ级,属于中度污染.

金融高质量发展助力强国建设背景下巨灾商业保险发展研究——基于粤港澳大湾区实践

推进保险业创新发展是深化金融供给侧结构性改革的重要部分,对加快建设中国特色现代金融体系、提高金融服务经济社会发展的质效具有重要意义。从粤港澳大湾区的实践来看,巨灾商业保险发展可以降低灾害风险对经济的影响,提升社会的整体巨灾应对能力,促进区域内跨境商业活动的顺利开展。文章解析了粤港澳大湾区巨灾商业保险的发展背景、制度设计和金融服务支持现状,深入分析了当前粤港澳大湾区巨灾商业保险发展中存在的个体覆盖问题、市场供给约束及法律保障制度缺陷,结合日、美三大著名湾区巨灾商业保险的发展经验,围绕金融高质量发展,从需求侧出发刺激巨灾保险需求、从供给侧出发释放巨灾保险活力、发挥政府职能推进高质量巨灾商业保险制度设计、探索中国特色的“多层次”巨灾商业保险制度四个方面,提出适合我国国情的巨灾商业保险发展的建议。

儿童软糖中合成着色剂的含量测定及健康风险评估

目的 检测市售8种儿童软糖中所添加的5种合成着色剂(柠檬黄、日落黄、诱惑红、胭脂红、亮蓝)的含量,并对其进行健康风险评估。方法 采用GB 5009.35—2016《食品安全国家标准食品中合成着色剂的测定》中的高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)进行检测,样品采用水浴温热溶解、聚酰胺吸附提取、HPLC检测,以甲醇/乙酸铵为流动相,紫外检测波长为254 nm,根据保留时间定性,基于外标峰面积法定量。运用靶标危害系数(target hazard quotient,THQ)法对儿童软糖中所添加的合成着色剂进行健康风险评估。结果 5种合成着色剂的含量在0.384~7.875 mg/kg之间,标准曲线均具有较好的线性关系(r~2>0.99),各着色剂的检出限(limits of detection,LODs)为0.0203~0.1600 mg/kg,定量限(limits of quantification,LOQs)为0.0614~0.4836 mg/kg,加标回收率大于95%,5种合成着色剂的THQ及总THQ值(total target hazard quotient,TTHQ)均小于1,对儿童健康无明显风险。结论 通过儿童软糖摄取的合成着色剂的健康风险很小,与儿童软糖的小包装、食用量少有关,还需要配合家长对儿童糖果摄入的合理管理。本研究为儿童软糖的购买和食用提供了科学建议。

基于PS-InSAR技术的晋城矿区地表形变监测及地质灾害风险预警

地表形变是一种严重的地质灾害现象,不仅严重影响灾害区居民的日常生活,而且会造成巨大的社会经济危害,尤其在采煤区。针对传统地表沉陷监测方法费时费力、无法获取地表沉降面状信息、难以进行地表沉陷灾害评估的不足,基于高分辨率SAR卫星影像,利用永久散射体合成孔径雷达干涉测量(PS-InSAR)技术对山西省晋城市晋城矿区2018年1月至2018年12月期间地表沉陷进行监测,分析获取了该地区地表连续形变情况,并利用该技术获取的海量PS点建立支持向量机(SVM)地质灾害风险评估预警模型,对晋城矿区周边居民点地质灾害风险进行了识别和预测。结果表明:晋城矿区10个煤矿及其周边区域存在较大的地表形变;晋城矿区平均LOS向年平均地表形变速率范围为-37~30.3 mm/a;PS-InSAR技术在晋城矿区地表形变监测中具有可行性,且可以实现矿区地质灾害风险综合识别和预警。

高温高压条件下含瓦斯煤解吸-自燃演化特性研究

随着矿井开拓水平的延深,煤岩赋存环境呈现出高瓦斯压力、高地温特征,而温度、压力是影响含瓦斯煤吸附-解吸-氧化特性的重要因素。为了探究高温高压下遗煤中瓦斯解吸特征及自燃特性的变化,选用高瓦斯易自燃矿井不同埋深的煤样作为试验对象,设计不同温度和压力下煤中甲烷解吸的正交试验,并对原煤样和解吸煤样进行孔隙及表面积测试、TG-FTIR联用、程序升温试验。结果表明:在整个解吸试验过程中,温度的抑制都显著大于压力的促进作用;高温高压环境主要改变了煤中的微孔结构,致使煤体的比表面积和总孔容都出现增加;解吸后,标高320 m和标高343 m煤样的温度突变点提前了8.7%和4.9%,同时虽然煤中的官能团种类相同,但含量出现了不同程度的降低;标高320 m和标高343 m解吸煤样和原煤样CO生成的交叉温度点分别为78℃和74℃,C_(2)H_(4)、C_(2)H_(6)的浓度始终低于原煤样;同时解吸煤样的耗氧量在相同煤温下出现了下降,在170℃时差距最大,标高320 m和标高343 m解吸前后煤样的氧气含量为9.3%、13.1%和10.3%、14.3%,两者的耗氧量最大相差42.3%、41.2%。综合分析表明,煤体经过高温、高压解吸后煤样在氧化初期更易自燃,产生更多的CO,可以选择CO作为指标气体,而在高温阶段反应剧烈程度有所降低。此外推导出了煤中甲烷解吸对采空区气体环境的实时变化公式,并以1304综采工作面为模型,对“高瓦斯压力、高地温”特征下采空区遗煤中瓦斯解吸影响下的“氧化带”区域进行了更细致的划分,将范围缩小了63.5%。研究成果可为高瓦斯易自燃煤层瓦斯与火耦合灾害防控提供基础支撑。

高地应力区铁路安全风险管控及对策

研究目的:为准确判识西宁至成都铁路高地应力区铁路建设风险因素、降低建设风险,采用工程类比法分析高地应力区铁路建设风险因素及可能引起的后果,并进行方案比选。研究结论:(1)铁路工程方案研究阶段除考虑地质、环保、工程对策及投资等因素外,应将风险管控纳入方案比选,尽可能规避潜在的风险因素,高地应力区选线应优先选用明线工程(路基与桥梁等),当以隧道工程通过时,宜选择围岩较好的侵入岩以浅埋、短隧的方式通过,并设置合理的风险应对对策;(2)施工阶段应加强风险研判、动态调整对策;(3)高地应力软岩隧道施工中应建立以变形速率和位移为双控指标的管理体系;(4)高地应力隧道应优先推广机械化配套施工,洞内人员远离掌子面,降低人员伤亡风险;(5)本研究成果可为类似高地应力区铁路隧道选线提供参考。

黄河流域农业农村氮流时空分布特征及演化规律研究

氮磷等营养元素过剩引发的面源污染问题,是黄河流域水质恶化的重要原因.为应对黄河流域氮素危机,从源头上降低面源污染负荷,本研究基于物质流和空间分析方法,刻画1949-2022年间黄河流域农业农村氮流时空格局演化规律,评估黄河流域面源污染关键氮流和高风险区.结果表明:(1)新中国成立以来,黄河流域的作物收获量整体呈现上升的趋势,2015年之后在氮输入水平持续下降的情况下,仍然能够保持年均2%的增长,黄河流域在氮素利用水平上得到了极大的提升.(2)黄河流域农业农村依然存在严重的氮流失现象,其中存贮和反硝化是氮流失的主要部分,1962年、1992年和2022年这两部分流失量分别占耕地氮输出流的51%、47%和36%.2015开始氮素流失(存储)量逐年下降,2022年比2015年减少了15.55%,但是每年仍有30.12×10^(8)kg氮素流失到大气、水体和土壤中,是当年作物收获氮量的1.64倍,氮素损失率高达62.05%.(3)降雨和地势地形是影响氮径流的决定因素,在高风险区内约有27%~45%的氮剩余流失到附近的地表水中,主要分布在甘肃省的最南部和东南角部分地区、陕西省的最南部和山东省东部地区.研究显示:黄河流域在氮素利用提升和氮污染治理方面取得一定成效,但是仍然存在严重的氮流失现象;需要持续推进化肥减量、粪便还田和农村污水治理,同时需要在高风险区采取构建缓冲带等工程措施,才能实现面源污染等氮危机的有效控制.

化工园区有毒有害气体预警体系扩散途径识别与监控

扩散途径的精准识别与监控是化工园区有毒有害气体预警体系发挥功能的重要先决条件,对于推动化工园区预警能力升级、减少突发环境风险事故的发生具有重要意义。研究建立了基于CALPUFF模型的化工园区有毒有害气体预警体系扩散途径识别与监控方法——“三定法”(气象定向—轨迹定区—模拟定点),并用于科学、准确识别气体扩散途径的监控站布设。以嘉兴港区有毒有害气体预警体系试点建设项目为例进行了案例研究,识别出园区有毒有害气体的5条主要扩散途径;进一步综合气象分析、周边敏感区的分布以及CALPUFF模型扩散模拟结果,最终将园区有毒有害气体预警体系扩散途径监控站布设在扩散占比最高的途径Ⅰ区内落地浓度最大的位置。

氢内燃发电机组爆炸性气体环境分析

氢内燃发电机组是重要的氢能发电设备,但氢气的使用给机组的安全运行带来额外风险。同时,考虑设备增效降本的需求,科学合理的爆炸性危险区域划分将为零部件选型、控制系统设置和操作流程规划提供指导性意见。有必要对机组箱体内氢气泄漏及通风进行量化,结合安全控制逻辑和特定操作流程,确认机组内部的危险区域等级,避免大量使用防爆部件,降低设备成本。

基于SAFETI软件的煤层气管道高后果区风险定量分析研究

以某煤层气管道高后果区为例,采用SAFETI软件计算该区域内的个人风险和社会风险。结果表明,有2处单位的个人风险超过可接受水平,企业应采取必要的风险减缓措施;社会风险F-N曲线全部处于“尽可能降低区”,可结合实际情况采取适当措施降低风险。本文在定量计算时考虑极端工况,计算结果相对保守,若有更加详细的资料可以开展多种场景的模拟计算,计算结果将更加具体和准确。

高含硫酸性气田集输管道地质灾害防治管理关键技术研究

高含硫气田多处于地质条件多样、地质灾害发育的复杂山区,一直以来集输管道地质灾害难以进行全面管理。为解决这一难题,研发了自动化实时监测设备与开源数据库MySQL相结合地质灾害防治管理体系,从原理、监测内容、数据要求等多个方面建立适合于复杂山地高含硫气田集输管道地质灾害防治体系,明确了各类地质灾害监测内容,进行集输管道地质灾害数据管理,确定集输管道地质灾害危险等级,采用自动化监测设备实现了高含硫气田集输管道地质灾害全天时、全天候监测预警,打破了地域限制,实现跨地域协同工作。基于MySQL数据库建立某含硫气田地灾管理数据库,对地质灾害评价结果中不同类型、危险等级的地质灾害点进行归纳分类,实现气田地质灾害统一管理,指导气田集输管道定向监测。

药护管理在神经内科高危药品管理中的效果

目的分析神经内科高危药品管理中药护管理的价值。方法选取2023年1—12月台山市第二人民医院的20名药师作为研究对象,2023年1—6月行传统管理为传统组,2023年7—12月行药护管理为管理组,对比两组管理质量、管理不当事件、不良反应、管理满意率。结果管理组的管理质量高于传统组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。管理组管理不当事件总发生率为5.00%,低于传统组的20.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。管理组的不良反应发生率为2.00%,低于传统组的9.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。管理组的管理满意率为100.00%,高于传统组的75.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论药护管理落实后能减少高危药品使用不当事件,还能避免不良反应发生,使管理质量得到大幅提升,可满足神经内科高危药品的管理需求。

炼油装置检修工程高危区域首次动火作业工艺

某炼油厂大检修需在油品车间装卸车单元增加7台切断阀,动火位置特殊,动火作业处管道取样困难,并且为首次动火,工期也很紧张。鉴于此,制定了首次动火施工工艺和钻孔取样方案。详细介绍了施工前的准备工作、具体安全防护措施、钻孔取样分析工艺及作业程序。按制定的工艺实施首次动火作业,安全、高效地完成了7台切断阀的安装,解决了检修工程中高危区域内首次动火作业的难题,并且作业过程中质量、安全等得到有效控制。