Effects of Health Education with Problem-Based Learning Approaches on the Knowledge, Attitude, Practice and Coping Skills of Women with High-Risk Pregnancies in Plateau Areas

Objective: Given the unique cultural background, way of life, and physical environment of the Tibetan Plateau, this study aims to investigate the effects of health education using problem-based learning (PBL) approaches on the knowledge, attitude, practice, and coping skills of women with high-risk pregnancies in this region. Methods: 76 high-risk pregnancy cases were enrolled at Tibet’s Linzhi People’s Hospital between September 2023 and April 2024. 30 patients admitted between September 2023 and December 2023 were selected as the control group and were performed with regular patient education. 46 patients admitted between January 2024 and April 2024 were selected as the observation group and were performed regular patient education with problem-based learning approaches. Two groups’ performance on their health knowledge, attitude, practice and coping skills before and after interventions were evaluated, and patient satisfaction were measured at the end of the study. Results: There was no statistical significance (P P P Conclusions: Health education with problem-based learning approaches is worth promoting as it can help high-risk pregnant women in plateau areas develop better health knowledge, attitude and practice and healthier coping skills. Also, it can improve patient sanctification.

Contamination of Fungi and Mycotoxins in Foodstuffs in High Risk Area of Esophageal Cancer

Fungal and mycotoxin contamination has been found in fordstuffs from Cixian County, an area with a high incidence of esophageal carcinoma (Eca). To set a scientific foundation for the prevention of Eca at the etiological level, fungal and mycotoxin contaminations of local foodstuffs in Cixian County were analyzed using classical fungal culture methods and HPLC. From 1990 to 1994, 220 corn/wheat samples and 34 corn samples were studied. As a control, 26 corn samples collected from a relatively low incidence area of Eca in Zanhuang County were analyzed for mycotoxins in 1990. The results showed that fungal contamination in corn and wheat was severe and that several of the predominant contaminating fungi such as Furasium moniliforme, etc. were carcinogenic. HPLC results showed that the detection rate and mean content of the mycotoxin sterigmatocystin (ST) in the mountainous area (5/8; 9. 14 μg/kg) were significantly higher than those in the hilly (0; 0) and plain areas (1/18; 1. 29 μg/kg) as well as in low risk area control samples (3/26; 0. 76 μg/kg). Detection rates of deoxynivalenol (DON) in mountainous and hilly areas (5/8, 4/8 respectively) were slightly higher than that in plain area (8/18), while the mean content of DON in the plain area was significantly higher (90. 45-170. 22 vs 50. 56 and 46. 45 μg/kg).Among the different aflatoxins, AFB1 was detected in samples from the two villages in the plain area for the subsequent two years. The mean content of AFB1 was 0. 0183μg/kg, and the highest level was 0. 0497 μg/kg. No AFB1 was detected in the samples from mountainous and hilly areas. AFG1 was detected in more than half of all the samples, and its concentration ranged from 8. 77 to 46. 51 ng/kg. No AFG2 was found in the samples. Thus, the results suggest that at present, fungal and mycotoxin contamination of foodstuffs in Cixian County are quite common.

Application Analysis of High Risk HPV Detection Combined with Cervical Cytology, Colposcopy and Pathology in Cervical Lesions of Women in Tiandeng County

Purpose: To understand the application of high-risk HPV detection combined with cervical cytology, colposcopy and pathology in cervical lesions of women in Tiandeng County. Method: Women in the outpatient and inpatient departments of our hospital from January 2021 to October 2022 were collected for high-risk HPV testing, TCT, colposcopy and pathological examination according to their personal wishes, to understand the application of relevant examinations in cervical lesions. Result: In 2021, the number of patients was 5801, among whom 1743 patients had received cervical cancer examination in the past, accounting for 30.05% of the total number of patients, and 5795 who had volunteered for TCT examination this time, accounting for 99.90% of the total;A total of 289 cases of atypical squamous cells with unclear significance (ASC-US) were detected, excluding 11 cases of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (ASC-H), 122 cases of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), 16 cases of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), 2 cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and 4 cases of atypical adenocyte (AGC);Atypical cervical adenocytosis and cervical carcinoma in situ were not detected. The number of people who volunteered for high-risk HPV testing was 4237, and the number of positive cases was 740, accounting for 17.47% of the screening population;Among 740 HPV-positive patients, 488 high-risk HPV-positive patients were selected for TCT examination, and 87 patients were found to be TCT positive;From 401 high-risk HPV-positive and TCT negative patients, 287 patients with possible lesions were screened out for colposcopy;The results showed that 60 patients may have certain cervical lesions and need further pathological examination and the results showed that 28 patients had CTN1 and 18 patients had CIN2 - 3. In 2022, 8840 patients received medical treatment, among which 3188 patients had received cervical cancer examination in the past, accounting for 36.06% of the total number of patients, and 8314 patients voluntarily underwent TCT examination, accounting for 94.05% of the total number of patients. 434 cases of atypical squamous cells with ambiguous meaning (ASC-US) were detected, excluding 13 cases of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (ASC-H), 217 cases of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), 35 cases of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), 1 case of squamous cell carcinoma, and 4 cases of atypical adenocarcinoma (AGC);Atypical cervical adenocytosis and cervical carcinoma in situ were not detected. The number of volunteers for high-risk HPV testing was 3871 cases, and the number of positive cases was 654 cases, accounting for 16.89% of the screening number. 527 high-risk HPV-positive patients were selected from 654 HPV-positive patients for TCT examination, and the number of TCT-positive patients was found to be 49. From 478 high-risk HPV-positive patients with TCT negative, 276 patients with possible lesions were screened out for colposcopy;The results showed that 66 patients may have certain cervical lesions and need further pathological examination;and then the results showed that 31 cases of CTN1 and 6 cases of CIN2 - 3. Conclusion: Gynecological high-risk HPV examination can provide better etiological sources for cervical cancer screening;Cervical cytology examination has high sensitivity;Colposcopy examination has high specificity;Pathological examination can be used as an effective supplement for cervical cytology examination and colposcopy;So high-risk HPV combined with cytology examination, colposcopy examination and pathological examination has high clinical application value;It is worth popularizing and applying.

Soil Heavy Metal Pollution and Health Risk Assessment of Abandoned Land in Coal Mining Areas in Xingren County

Total contents of heavy metals （ Pb, Cr, Cd, Hg, As, Cu, Zn, and Ni） in 68 soil samples were determined to evaluate the contamination level of soil from five coal mine areas in Xingren County, Guizhou province. The pollution levels of heavy metals were characterized by anthro- pogenic influence multiple, and the pollution of heavy metal in soil was evaluated using geo-accumulation index. Based on the health risk models recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency （ US EPA）, the health risks of heavy metals in the soils were assessed. The results showed that the abandoned land in the five coal mining areas were contaminated by heavy metals, and the order of pollution levels of eight heavy metals was As 〉 Pb 〉 Cu 〉 Hg 〉 Ni 〉 Cr 〉 Cd 〉 Zn. The soils suffered moderate-heavy pollution from As and Pb, and the contents of As and Pb in the soils were 13.16 and 4.76 times higher than the background values of Guizhou Province, followed by Cu, Hg and Ni , while soil pollution from Cr, Cd and Zn was mild. The order of non-caminogenic risks of the heavy metals in the soils was As 〉 Pb 〉 Cr 〉 Ni 〉 Cu 〉 Hg 〉 Cd 〉 Zn, and the non-carcinogenic dsk value of As was higher than that its threshold value 1, which indicated that As had a high potential health risk to adults and children. The order of carcinogen risks of the four heavy metals was As 〉 Cd 〉 Cr 〉 Ni, and the carcinogenic risk value of As was higher than its threshold value, indicating that As had a high carcinogenic risk to adults and children. The carcinogenic risk values of other three heavy metals （ Cd, Cr and Ni） were lower than the threshold value, so they had no carcinogenic risk to human health. Moreover, children were more sensitively affect- ed by heavy metals from the abandoned land. Therefore, the health of children in such areas should be paid more attention to. The HI value of the eight heavy metals to children was seven times higher than that to adults. The contribution rate of HQAs to HI was about 88%, and the contribution rate of CRA, to TCR was about 98%, so As was the most crucial factor influencing non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic dsk in the abandoned soils.

上木江坪高陡斜坡危岩特征与定量风险评估

青藏高原东缘高陡斜坡危岩体严重威胁山区交通廊道的建设、运营与维护。本文以青藏高原东缘上木江坪高陡斜坡为研究对象,研究斜坡危岩体的崩塌落石对都四铁路和G350国道的危险性与定量风险,对山区交通廊道崩塌落石的防灾减灾具有重要意义。联合现场调查与无人机航空摄影技术,重建了高陡斜坡高精度三维地形,获取危岩体节理面产状,基于赤平投影明确了斜坡危岩体的破坏模式和稳定性。采用三维落石模拟软件RockyFor3D模拟了斜坡崩塌落石的运动轨迹,定量评估了落石危害范围、危险性分区与对道路车辆的定量风险。研究结果表明:斜坡后壁存在3处危岩体(A、B、C),分别且受3组节理控制,斜坡破坏为楔形破坏为主,斜坡危岩体处于基本稳定-不稳定状态。通过落石三维运动模拟可知,落石的运动轨迹受地形控制,在坡降较大位置,最大弹跳高度、最大速度与最大动能呈陡增趋势。危岩体A和B不会对都四铁路与G350国道产生威胁,仅使G350国道服务区西边和西南边缘处于极低危险区,其车辆风险均处于可接受风险区。危岩体C将使G350国道服务区、G350国道和都四铁路隧道口均处于极低-低危险区,对都四铁路和G350国道的车辆遇到落石的定量风险位于风险警告区,应对危岩体C的崩塌落石制定相应防灾减灾对策。

基于PS-InSAR技术的晋城矿区地表形变监测及地质灾害风险预警

地表形变是一种严重的地质灾害现象,不仅严重影响灾害区居民的日常生活,而且会造成巨大的社会经济危害,尤其在采煤区。针对传统地表沉陷监测方法费时费力、无法获取地表沉降面状信息、难以进行地表沉陷灾害评估的不足,基于高分辨率SAR卫星影像,利用永久散射体合成孔径雷达干涉测量(PS-InSAR)技术对山西省晋城市晋城矿区2018年1月至2018年12月期间地表沉陷进行监测,分析获取了该地区地表连续形变情况,并利用该技术获取的海量PS点建立支持向量机(SVM)地质灾害风险评估预警模型,对晋城矿区周边居民点地质灾害风险进行了识别和预测。结果表明:晋城矿区10个煤矿及其周边区域存在较大的地表形变;晋城矿区平均LOS向年平均地表形变速率范围为-37~30.3 mm/a;PS-InSAR技术在晋城矿区地表形变监测中具有可行性,且可以实现矿区地质灾害风险综合识别和预警。

高潜水位采煤沉陷区微塑料赋存特征及风险评估

为探明高潜水位采煤沉陷区微塑料污染赋存特征及其环境风险,选取安徽省淮南市春申湖、舜耕湿地公园两个典型采煤沉陷区为研究区域,采集了表层水体,底泥及周边农田土壤样品,采用体视显微镜、扫描电镜、红外光谱对微塑料尺寸、形状、颜色及丰度等赋存特征进行表征.结果表明:采集的样本中多为纤维微塑料和薄膜微塑料,类型主要以聚乙烯,聚丙烯为主,颜色以黄色和透明为主,粒径大多小于500μm.采煤沉陷区的地表水丰度范围为0.77~7.1pcs/L,沉积物微塑料的丰度范围为540~2800pcs/kg,周边农田土壤微塑料的丰度范围为380~2380pcs/kg.采用污染负荷指数(PLI)模型进行评估,地表水和农田土壤的风险评估都为于Ⅰ级,属于轻微污染,而沉积物中的微塑料风险评估为Ⅱ级,属于中度污染.

金融高质量发展助力强国建设背景下巨灾商业保险发展研究——基于粤港澳大湾区实践

推进保险业创新发展是深化金融供给侧结构性改革的重要部分,对加快建设中国特色现代金融体系、提高金融服务经济社会发展的质效具有重要意义。从粤港澳大湾区的实践来看,巨灾商业保险发展可以降低灾害风险对经济的影响,提升社会的整体巨灾应对能力,促进区域内跨境商业活动的顺利开展。文章解析了粤港澳大湾区巨灾商业保险的发展背景、制度设计和金融服务支持现状,深入分析了当前粤港澳大湾区巨灾商业保险发展中存在的个体覆盖问题、市场供给约束及法律保障制度缺陷,结合日、美三大著名湾区巨灾商业保险的发展经验,围绕金融高质量发展,从需求侧出发刺激巨灾保险需求、从供给侧出发释放巨灾保险活力、发挥政府职能推进高质量巨灾商业保险制度设计、探索中国特色的“多层次”巨灾商业保险制度四个方面,提出适合我国国情的巨灾商业保险发展的建议。

儿童软糖中合成着色剂的含量测定及健康风险评估

目的 检测市售8种儿童软糖中所添加的5种合成着色剂(柠檬黄、日落黄、诱惑红、胭脂红、亮蓝)的含量,并对其进行健康风险评估。方法 采用GB 5009.35—2016《食品安全国家标准食品中合成着色剂的测定》中的高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)进行检测,样品采用水浴温热溶解、聚酰胺吸附提取、HPLC检测,以甲醇/乙酸铵为流动相,紫外检测波长为254 nm,根据保留时间定性,基于外标峰面积法定量。运用靶标危害系数(target hazard quotient,THQ)法对儿童软糖中所添加的合成着色剂进行健康风险评估。结果 5种合成着色剂的含量在0.384~7.875 mg/kg之间,标准曲线均具有较好的线性关系(r~2>0.99),各着色剂的检出限(limits of detection,LODs)为0.0203~0.1600 mg/kg,定量限(limits of quantification,LOQs)为0.0614~0.4836 mg/kg,加标回收率大于95%,5种合成着色剂的THQ及总THQ值(total target hazard quotient,TTHQ)均小于1,对儿童健康无明显风险。结论 通过儿童软糖摄取的合成着色剂的健康风险很小,与儿童软糖的小包装、食用量少有关,还需要配合家长对儿童糖果摄入的合理管理。本研究为儿童软糖的购买和食用提供了科学建议。

高温高压条件下含瓦斯煤解吸-自燃演化特性研究

随着矿井开拓水平的延深,煤岩赋存环境呈现出高瓦斯压力、高地温特征,而温度、压力是影响含瓦斯煤吸附-解吸-氧化特性的重要因素。为了探究高温高压下遗煤中瓦斯解吸特征及自燃特性的变化,选用高瓦斯易自燃矿井不同埋深的煤样作为试验对象,设计不同温度和压力下煤中甲烷解吸的正交试验,并对原煤样和解吸煤样进行孔隙及表面积测试、TG-FTIR联用、程序升温试验。结果表明:在整个解吸试验过程中,温度的抑制都显著大于压力的促进作用;高温高压环境主要改变了煤中的微孔结构,致使煤体的比表面积和总孔容都出现增加;解吸后,标高320 m和标高343 m煤样的温度突变点提前了8.7%和4.9%,同时虽然煤中的官能团种类相同,但含量出现了不同程度的降低;标高320 m和标高343 m解吸煤样和原煤样CO生成的交叉温度点分别为78℃和74℃,C_(2)H_(4)、C_(2)H_(6)的浓度始终低于原煤样;同时解吸煤样的耗氧量在相同煤温下出现了下降,在170℃时差距最大,标高320 m和标高343 m解吸前后煤样的氧气含量为9.3%、13.1%和10.3%、14.3%,两者的耗氧量最大相差42.3%、41.2%。综合分析表明,煤体经过高温、高压解吸后煤样在氧化初期更易自燃,产生更多的CO,可以选择CO作为指标气体,而在高温阶段反应剧烈程度有所降低。此外推导出了煤中甲烷解吸对采空区气体环境的实时变化公式,并以1304综采工作面为模型,对“高瓦斯压力、高地温”特征下采空区遗煤中瓦斯解吸影响下的“氧化带”区域进行了更细致的划分,将范围缩小了63.5%。研究成果可为高瓦斯易自燃煤层瓦斯与火耦合灾害防控提供基础支撑。

黄河流域农业农村氮流时空分布特征及演化规律研究

氮磷等营养元素过剩引发的面源污染问题,是黄河流域水质恶化的重要原因.为应对黄河流域氮素危机,从源头上降低面源污染负荷,本研究基于物质流和空间分析方法,刻画1949-2022年间黄河流域农业农村氮流时空格局演化规律,评估黄河流域面源污染关键氮流和高风险区.结果表明:(1)新中国成立以来,黄河流域的作物收获量整体呈现上升的趋势,2015年之后在氮输入水平持续下降的情况下,仍然能够保持年均2%的增长,黄河流域在氮素利用水平上得到了极大的提升.(2)黄河流域农业农村依然存在严重的氮流失现象,其中存贮和反硝化是氮流失的主要部分,1962年、1992年和2022年这两部分流失量分别占耕地氮输出流的51%、47%和36%.2015开始氮素流失(存储)量逐年下降,2022年比2015年减少了15.55%,但是每年仍有30.12×10^(8)kg氮素流失到大气、水体和土壤中,是当年作物收获氮量的1.64倍,氮素损失率高达62.05%.(3)降雨和地势地形是影响氮径流的决定因素,在高风险区内约有27%~45%的氮剩余流失到附近的地表水中,主要分布在甘肃省的最南部和东南角部分地区、陕西省的最南部和山东省东部地区.研究显示:黄河流域在氮素利用提升和氮污染治理方面取得一定成效,但是仍然存在严重的氮流失现象;需要持续推进化肥减量、粪便还田和农村污水治理,同时需要在高风险区采取构建缓冲带等工程措施,才能实现面源污染等氮危机的有效控制.

贵州地质高背景区稻鱼共生系统汞的风险评估

为了解高地质背景区稻鱼共生系统中汞的潜在环境和健康风险,本研究选取贵州省喀斯特地质高背景区黔东南丹寨县、麻江县和非喀斯特地区从江县、榕江县和锦屏县为研究对象,采集稻鱼共生系统中稻田土壤、稻米和稻花鱼样品,测定总汞(THg)和甲基汞(MeHg)含量。采用地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法评估土壤环境风险;通过稻米和稻花鱼MeHg含量及不同年龄段居民膳食摄入情况,评估了居民摄入稻米和稻花鱼的汞暴露风险。结果表明:喀斯特地区土壤THg和MeHg含量均高于非喀斯特地区,但其甲基化率却弱于后者;喀斯特区域分别有28%和37%的稻田土壤样品THg含量超过我国水稻生产土壤汞阈值标准(0.65 mg·kg^(-1))和农用地水田土壤污染风险管控标准(0.50 mg·kg^(-1)),而非喀斯特区域土壤均未超标。土壤生态风险评估结果显示:喀斯特地区土壤的汞污染水平和生态风险更高。喀斯特地区稻米THg和稻花鱼MeHg含量分别为(5.15±4.19)ng·g^(-1)和(32.80±23.05)ng·g^(-1),高于非喀斯特区域分别为(3.43±0.87)ng·g^(-1)和(11.77±7.08)ng·g^(-1),但稻米汞的富集系数更低,鱼米汞含量均低于我国食品安全标准限值规定的THg 0.02 mg·kg^(-1)和MeHg 0.50 mg·kg^(-1)。居民膳食风险评估表明:“稻米+稻花鱼”食用模式的居民风险值HQ较高,且随居民年龄增加而降低,女性高于男性,但总体HQ<1,对居民没有汞暴露风险。以上结果表明,地质高背景区的稻鱼共生系统整体呈现低风险水平。

中国胃癌高发现场研究进展

中国是胃癌高发国家,胃癌发病存在鲜明的地域特性,高发区大多处于经济相对欠发达的农业地区,这一独特性为胃癌研究提供了宝贵的现场条件与资源优势。自20世纪80年代以来,我国研究者基于胃癌高发现场动态观察和认识胃癌发病的自然史,探讨影响胃癌发生的相关因素,开展胃癌一级预防有效性和可行性研究,并进行大规模人群筛查项目,对阐明胃癌流行病学和病因学因素及胃癌防控策略的制定与优化提供了重要科学依据。本文针对中国胃癌高发区防治现场的研究进展作一综述,旨在全面梳理和解读我国基于高发区开展胃癌预防的历史、现状、成效与挑战,以期为提升胃癌防控能力、降低胃癌发病率和死亡率提供科学依据和实践指导。

高地应力区铁路安全风险管控及对策

研究目的:为准确判识西宁至成都铁路高地应力区铁路建设风险因素、降低建设风险,采用工程类比法分析高地应力区铁路建设风险因素及可能引起的后果,并进行方案比选。研究结论:(1)铁路工程方案研究阶段除考虑地质、环保、工程对策及投资等因素外,应将风险管控纳入方案比选,尽可能规避潜在的风险因素,高地应力区选线应优先选用明线工程(路基与桥梁等),当以隧道工程通过时,宜选择围岩较好的侵入岩以浅埋、短隧的方式通过,并设置合理的风险应对对策;(2)施工阶段应加强风险研判、动态调整对策;(3)高地应力软岩隧道施工中应建立以变形速率和位移为双控指标的管理体系;(4)高地应力隧道应优先推广机械化配套施工,洞内人员远离掌子面,降低人员伤亡风险;(5)本研究成果可为类似高地应力区铁路隧道选线提供参考。

高含硫酸性气田集输管道地质灾害防治管理关键技术研究

高含硫气田多处于地质条件多样、地质灾害发育的复杂山区,一直以来集输管道地质灾害难以进行全面管理。为解决这一难题,研发了自动化实时监测设备与开源数据库MySQL相结合地质灾害防治管理体系,从原理、监测内容、数据要求等多个方面建立适合于复杂山地高含硫气田集输管道地质灾害防治体系,明确了各类地质灾害监测内容,进行集输管道地质灾害数据管理,确定集输管道地质灾害危险等级,采用自动化监测设备实现了高含硫气田集输管道地质灾害全天时、全天候监测预警,打破了地域限制,实现跨地域协同工作。基于MySQL数据库建立某含硫气田地灾管理数据库,对地质灾害评价结果中不同类型、危险等级的地质灾害点进行归纳分类,实现气田地质灾害统一管理,指导气田集输管道定向监测。

中国鼻咽癌高发现场研究

鼻咽癌高发于我国华南地区,特别是广东省和广西壮族自治区,严重威胁当地居民健康。60年来,通过高发现场研究明确了鼻咽癌的主要病因。EB病毒(Epstein-Barr virus,EBV)感染、食用咸鱼、吸烟、口腔特定菌群构成,以及HLA基因为主的遗传易感变异均与鼻咽癌发生密切相关。目前高发区鼻咽癌的预防主要依靠EBV双抗体(VCA-IgA和EBNA1-IgA)检测进行人群筛查,针对适龄社区人群开展筛查可有效提高人群早诊率,降低死亡率。近年来开发的EBV新指标和基于遗传易感变异检测的个体化风险预测为建立更高效的鼻咽癌筛查策略提供了依据。本文旨在概述我国鼻咽癌高发现场的发展历程及其研究成果,总结研究进展和分析存在的问题,并对未来研究方向进行展望。

中国结直肠癌高发现场的研究与实践

结直肠癌是严重危害人们健康的疾病之一,其发病率和死亡率在恶性肿瘤中位居前列。20世纪70年代,我国浙江省嘉善县被确认为结直肠癌死亡率最高的县级单位。本文系统回顾了自20世纪70年代至2024年以嘉善县为代表的结直肠癌高发现场的工作。

西藏边境地区地质灾害分布规律与危险性分析

西藏边境地区地质灾害高发,对区内人民生命财产安全和经济建设造成严重威胁。本文搜集西藏21个边境县的地质灾害详细调查数据并进行统计分析,查明该区域共有3224处地质灾害点,包括崩塌768处、滑坡697处、泥石流1738处、冰湖溃决型链式灾害21处。其中,大型及以上的崩塌99处、滑坡48处、泥石流23处。综合区域地貌、气候特征,将西藏边境区域分为东段(南迦巴瓦峰—错那)、中段(错那—普兰)及西段(普兰—日土)。本文系统研究总结各段的地质灾害分布规律与危害特征,结合地质灾害孕灾背景及诱发因素,选取高程、坡度、水系密度、工程岩组、断裂密度、年均降雨量及地震动峰值加速度7个影响因子,基于层析分析法和加权信息量法对西藏边境地质灾害进行危险性评价,识别出察隅县察隅曲、墨脱县雅鲁藏布江段、错那县娘姆江流域、洛扎县洛扎曲、亚东县麻曲、定结县朋曲、定日县绒辖曲、聂拉木县波曲及吉隆县吉隆藏布等9个流域为地质灾害高危险区。在此基础上,本文提出了边境地区建设中需关注建设场地地质安全评价、高陡斜坡蠕滑堵江、冰湖溃决、地震灾害及其长期后效应等四个关键问题,为西藏边境地区的宏观地质灾害风险管控提供依据。

化工园区有毒有害气体预警体系扩散途径识别与监控

扩散途径的精准识别与监控是化工园区有毒有害气体预警体系发挥功能的重要先决条件,对于推动化工园区预警能力升级、减少突发环境风险事故的发生具有重要意义。研究建立了基于CALPUFF模型的化工园区有毒有害气体预警体系扩散途径识别与监控方法——“三定法”(气象定向—轨迹定区—模拟定点),并用于科学、准确识别气体扩散途径的监控站布设。以嘉兴港区有毒有害气体预警体系试点建设项目为例进行了案例研究,识别出园区有毒有害气体的5条主要扩散途径;进一步综合气象分析、周边敏感区的分布以及CALPUFF模型扩散模拟结果,最终将园区有毒有害气体预警体系扩散途径监控站布设在扩散占比最高的途径Ⅰ区内落地浓度最大的位置。

不同降雨工况下地质灾害综合评价--以汕头市潮阳区金灶镇重点调查区为例

汕头市潮阳区地处广东省东部,人口密度大,地质环境条件复杂。以汕头市潮阳区金灶镇重点调查区为例,选取斜坡坡度、地形起伏度、工程地质岩组和土地利用类型等指标,运用ArcGIS软件开展地质灾害易发性评价,然后结合不同降雨工况下历史日降雨量数据(10年、20年、50年和100年),采用ArcGIS软件进行地质灾害危险性评价,并以斜坡单元为评价单元,使用ArcGIS软件开展区域地质灾害风险评价,得到4种降雨工况的风险分区。研究表明,随着降雨重现期的延长,低风险区逐渐减少,高风险区和极高风险区逐渐增加。研究成果可指导各级地方政府防灾减灾,为汕头市潮阳区国土空间规划和地质灾害风险管控提供科学依据。