Research on the Low-carbon-high-value Agriculture Technology in the Comprehensive Improvement of Intra-county Environment Pollution——Taking the Development of Cultivation and Breeding Industry in the Ecological Cyclic Agricultural Garden in Shaoshan Irri

The comprehensive improvement strategy of intra-county environment pollution in the city and countryside was searched.By the research method which combined the microscopic view,the macroscopic view with the dynamic perspective,the seriousness of rural water quality,soil and atmospheric pollution in Xiangxiang,Xiangtan and the surrounding areas in Shaoshan irrigated area was revealed.The control measure which was 'four-dimensional pollution in the city and countryside'—— low-carbon-high-value agriculture and the technology innovation was proposed.The low-carbon-high-value technology innovation industrialization demonstration in three parts which included the pre-production,mid-production and post-production deep-processing of cultivation and breeding industry in the ecological cyclic agricultural garden in Shaoshan irrigated area was the driving force.We tried to propel the low-carbon ecological cultivation and breeding industry which included the paddy rice,grass,tree,medicinal herbs and pig,cow,chick,duck,fish.We wanted to relieve the structural unbalance of previous cultivation and breeding industry,'cheap grain hurting the farmers' and the short-leg problem of social-economic-ecological benefit.The results showed that the low-carbon-high-value agricultural system was a poly-generation technology system which promoted the multi-level and grading utilization,saved the energy,reduced the consumption and cleaned the production based on the ecology.

Microstructure of Surface Layer Formed at Low Temperature and High Carbon Concentration Carburizing with Rare Earth Element

A suitable carburized microstructure with fine granular dispersed carbides in hypereutectoid zone,ultra fine martensite in matrix and recrystallized austenite to be refined to the grain size of 12～14 has been obtained by a new process,which is a high carbon concentration carburizing with rare earth element at low temperature(860～880℃)in a discontinuous gas carburization furnace.There was not much difference for the microstructure in eutectic zone between this and conventional process.Forming mechanism of granular carbides has been also studied in this paper.

Effect of High Pressure Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Compressive Properties of Low Carbon Steel

The effect of high pressure heat treatment on microstructure and compressive properties of low carbon steel were investigated by optical microscope,transmission electron microscope,hardness tester and compression test methods.The results show that martensite appears in low carbon steel at 1-5GPa GPa and 950°C for 15 minutes treatment,high pressure heat treatment can improve the hardness and compressive properties of the steel,the yield strength of the steel increases with increasing pressure,and its compressive properties are better than that treated under normal pressure quenching.

Effect of Fast Cooling Rate on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Low-Carbon High-Strength Steel Annealed in the Intercritical Region

The effect of fast cooling rate on the microstructure and mechanical properties of low-carbon high-strength steel annealed in the intercritical region was investigated using a Gleeble 1500 thermomechanical simulator and a continuous annealing thermomeehanical simulator. The results showed that the microstructure consisted of ferrite and bainite as the main phases with a small amount of retained austenite and martensite islands at cooling rate of 5 and 50 ℃/s, respectively. Fast cooling after continuous annealing affected all constituents of the microstructure. The mechanical properties were improved considerably. Ultimate tensile strength （U-TS） increased and total elongation （TEL） decreased with increasing cooling rate in all specimens. The specimen 1 at a cooling rate of 5 ℃/s exhibited the maximum TEL and UTSxTEL （20% and 27 200 MPa%, respectively） because of the competition between weakening by presence of the retained austenite plus the carbon indigence by carbide precipitation, and strengthening by martensitic islands and precipitation. The maximum UTS and YS （1 450 and 951 MPa, respectively） were obtained for specimen 2 at a cooling rate of 50 ℃/s. This is attributed to the effect of dispersion strengthening of finer martensite islands and the effect of precipitation strengthening of carbide precipitates.

The micro structure of high carbon low alloy steel for easy drawing

For better processing performance of high carbon low alloy steel wire rod,an investigation about the influence of cementite lamellar spacing on wire 'easy drawing' performance is completed.It is pointed out that too thin cementite lamellar spacing(<80 um) reduces the strain hardening level of wire drawing, and reduce the torsion performance of drawn wire at same time.For the wire or wire rod from industrial production,compared with the micro-structure with troostite,the micro-structure with sorbite or sorbite mixed with pearlite is more suitable to the drawing process with high reduction ratio.

Advanced manufacturing technologies of large martensitic stainless steel castings with ultra low carbon and high cleanliness

The key manufacturing technologies associated with composition, microstructure, mechanical properties, casting quality and key process control for large martensitic stainless steel castings are involved in this paper. The achievements fully satisfeid the technical requirements of the large 700 MW stainless steel hydraulic turbine runner for the Three Gorges Hydropower Station, and become the major technical support for the design and manufacture of the largest 700 MW hydraulic turbine generator unit in the world developed through our own efforts. The characteristics of a new high yield to tensile strength (R p0.2/R m ) ratio and high obdurability martensitic stainless steel with ultra low carbon and high cleanliness are also described. Over the next ten years, the large martensitic stainless steel castings and advanced manufacturing technologies will see a huge demand in clean energy industry such as nuclear power, hydraulic power at home and abroad. Therefore, the new high yield o tensile strength (R p0.2/R m ) ratio and high obdurability martensitic stainless steel materials, the fast and flexible manufacturing technologies of large size castings, and new environment friendly sustainable process will face new challenges and opportunities.

Layer Structure Analysis of Low-Carbon Steel Containing Rare Earth by High-Temperature Carburizing of Liquid Cast-Iron

The layer structure of low-carbon steel containing RE by high-temperature (T>1200 ℃) carburizing of liquid cast-iron was studied and the diffusion activation energy of carbon was calculated by metallographic microscpe, chemical analysis etc. The result shows that the technology of carburizing in liquid cast-iron can expedite caburization distinctly and changes the carburizing layer structure. The carburizing rate is 60～80 times of that of the traditional technology, and there is about 43% decrease in the activation energy compared with gas-carburization. In outer structure layer, cementite is formed simultaneously both on the crystal boundary reticularly and inside the crystal grains stripedly. In inner carburizing layer, there is undissolved blocky ferrite in reticular cementite. Besides, rare earth element can expedite carburization process.

Study on Carburizing Kinetics of Low-carbon Steel at High-temperature and Short-term

In this paper, the carburizing kinetics of low-carbon steel at high-temperature and short-term in liquid cast-iron were studied by metallographic microscope, chemical analysis and so on, and the microstructure of carburized layer was also analyzed. The results show that the carburizing rate of low-carbon steel at high-temperature and short-term is so fast, and the microstructure of carburized layer possess higher carbon content, and cementite, pearlite and ferrite exist in carburized layer structure simultaneously. Besides, the kinetic equations of permeating layer forming have been presented, and the carburizing mechanism was preliminary discussed also.

Study on the Monitoring Malfunction of Water Pollution during Drought or Flood Period and Low-carbon and High-value Methodology--A Case Study of the Correlation Test of Water,Soil and Gas Pollution in Xiangxiang County

Based on the low-carbon and high-value methodology of chemical ecology and chemical informatics,combining theory and methods,taking saving,environmental protection,low carbon,high production,high value and circulation as values and aims,the relationship between human and land as a basis,ecosystem as a center,overall control as a goal and agricultural ecological engineering as a mean,environmental pollution detection,as one of bottlenecks for agricultural products and food security,should be solved firstly;through the field survey in dry years from 2009 to 2010 when drought and flood were frequent and the frequency of drought was higher than that of flood,plus the determination of surface water flow and water quantity in a small typical river basin,the correlation of local water,soil and gas in the county could be found,and the transfer of monitoring focus from water environment to atmospheric environment was possible and necessary.The study would promote the quantitative research on the correlation among water,soil and gas,and the results were in accordance with the conclusions of related studies.

Carbon Foam Anode Modified by Urea and Its Higher Electrochemical Performance in Marine Benthic Microbial Fuel Cell

Electrode materials have an important effect on the property of microbial fuel cell(MFC). Carbon foam is utilized as an anode and further modified by urea to improve its performance in marine benthic microbial fuel cell(BMFC) with higher voltage and output power. The electrochemical properties of plain carbon foam(PC) and urea-modified carbon foam(UC) are measured respectively. Results show that the UC obtains better wettability after its modification and higher anti-polarization ability than the PC. A novel phenomenon has been found that the electrical potential of the modified UC anode is nearly 100 m V lower than that of the PC, reaching-570 ±10 m V(vs. SCE), and that it also has a much higher electron transfer kinetic activity, reaching 9399.4 m W m-2, which is 566.2-fold higher than that from plain graphite anode(PG). The fuel cell containing the UC anode has the maximum power density(256.0 m W m-2) among the three different BMFCs. Urea would enhance the bacteria biofilm formation with a more diverse microbial community and maintain more electrons, leading to a lower anodic redox potential and higher power output. The paper primarily analyzes why the electrical potential of the modified anode becomes much lower than that of others after urea modification. These results can be utilized to construct a novel BMFC with higher output power and to design the conditioner of voltage booster with a higher conversion ratio. Finally, the carbon foam with a bigger pore size would be a potential anodic material in conventional MFC.

Low-tension gas process in high-salinity and low-permeability reservoirs

Polymer-based EOR methods in low-permeability reservoirs face injectivity issues and increased fracturing due to near wellbore plugging,as well as high-pressure gradients in these reservoirs.Polymer may cause pore blockage and undergo shear degradation and even oxidative degradation at high temperatures in the presence of very hard brine.Low-tension gas(LTG) flooding has the potential to be applied successfully for low-permeability carbonate reservoirs even in the presence of high formation brine salinity.In LTG flooding,the interfacial tension between oil and water is reduced to ultra-low values(10^-3 dyne/cm) by injecting an optimized surfactant formulation to maximize mobilization of residual oil post-waterflood.Gas(nitrogen,hydrocarbon gases or C02) is co-injected along with the surfactant slug to generate in situ foam which reduces the mobility ratio between the displaced(oil) and displacing phases,thus improving the displacement efficiency of the oil.In this work,the mechanism governing LTG flooding in low-permeability,high-salinity reservoirs was studied at a microscopic level using microemulsion properties and on a macroscopic scale by laboratory-scale coreflooding experiments.The main injection parameters studied were injected slug salinity and the interrelation between surfactant concentration and injected foam quality,and how they influence oil mobilization and displacement efficiency.Qualitative assessment of the results was performed by studying oil recovery,oil fractional flow,oil bank breakthrough and effluent salinity and pressure drop characteristics.

A low-outgassing-rate carbon fiber array cathode

In this paper, a new carbon fiber based cathode — a low-outgassing-rate carbon fiber array cathode — is investigated experimentally, and the experimental results are compared with those of a polymer velvet cathode. The carbon fiber array cathode is constructed by inserting bunches of carbon fibers into the cylindrical surface of the cathode. In experiment, the diode base pressure is maintained at 1×10^（-2） Pa–2×10^（-2） Pa, and the diode is driven by a compact pulsed power system which can provide a diode voltage of about 100 kV and pulse duration of about 30 ns at a repetition rate of tens of Hz.Real-time pressure data are measured by a magnetron gauge. Under the similar conditions, the experimental results show that the outgassing rate of the carbon fiber array cathode is an order smaller than that of the velvet cathode and that this carbon fiber array cathode has better shot-to-shot stability than the velvet cathode. Hence, this carbon fiber array cathode is demonstrated to be a promising cathode for the radial diode, which can be used in magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator（MILO） and relativistic magnetron（RM）.

Low Carbon Concept:Functional & Green Casual Fabrics Are Enjoying A Favor

Starting from the low-carbon concept to practice in the specific production requires recollected thinking and judgments. It can be

我国肉牛产业高质量发展水平的测度及影响因素研究

肉牛产业高质量发展是稳定肉牛生产、平缓肉牛价格波动和保障肉牛市场供应的根本途径。文章基于2012—2022年30个省市区面板数据,采用熵值法分析肉牛产业高质量发展水平,并运用双向固定效应模型探讨我国肉牛产业高质量发展的影响因素。结果表明:研究期内我国肉牛产业高质量发展水平总体呈现缓慢波动上升趋势;我国肉牛产业高质量发展主要得益于质量安全和技术水平提高;4大肉牛生产地区肉牛产业高质量发展水平最高的是中原肉牛区,其次是东北肉牛区,再次是西南肉牛区和西北肉牛区;经济发展水平、市场化水平、交通条件、城镇化率和环境规制均能够显著促进我国肉牛产业高质量发展。因此,应提升肉牛养殖技术创新水平,强化肉牛产品质量安全,完善肉牛养殖地区协调机制,为加快构建肉牛产业高质量发展新格局提供参考。

新型能源体系发展思考与建议

加快规划和建设新型能源体系,构建能源体系发展新格局,对保障国家能源安全、实现绿色低碳转型具有重要意义。本文在回顾10年来我国能源体系发展历程,把握当前国际能源领域形势和我国能源发展新目标的基础上,明晰了由安全高效、清洁低碳、多元协同、智能普惠构成的新型能源体系的内涵,深化了对包括能源消费总量与结构演变、煤炭安全兜底、油气增储上产、非化石能源降本增效在内的新型能源体系的认识。进一步,提出了坚持系统思维、坚持创新引领、坚持深化改革的新型能源体系发展思路,凝练了面向2035年、2050年的新型能源体系建设目标,梳理出稳妥有序推进能源绿色低碳转型、推动城乡能源体系协同发展、构建多轮驱动能源供给体系、加强关键核心技术攻关、构建新型能源评估体系等新型能源体系建设的重点举措。相关内容提供了建设新型能源体系所需的理论引导与实践支持,可为新时期新型能源体系发展研究提供参考。

图书馆的空间设计与高质量发展

空间设计已成为图书馆更高质量发展的刚需。论文阐释了图书馆空间设计中的辩证统一观,包括普遍性与独特性、整体观与内外观、专业观与非专业观、静态区与动态区、空间设计功能的无限可能性等,并对图书馆空间设计的十大要素(但不限于)分别进行了论述和分析,包括宏观维度的城市地标、艺术演绎、文化传承和内外互动,中观维度的专业符号、色材选择和绿色低碳,微观维度的家具设计、灯光照明和安全关怀。论文指出,智慧图书馆新空间设计方案正在成为发展趋势。

LLDPE/碳纤维网复合膜的制备及性能

为了提高线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)的拉伸强度和模量,将碳纤维(CF)梳理成均匀的碳纤维网,将其作为增强材料与LLDPE复合制备LLDPE/CF复合膜,综合利用热失重分析(TG)、扫描示差量热分析(DSC)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及拉伸测试等手段分析碳纤维网含量对复合膜结构及性能的影响。结果表明:与LLDPE膜相比,LLDPE/CF复合膜的拉伸强度和杨氏模量显著提高并随碳纤维网含量增加而增大,当碳纤维网质量分数仅为1%时,拉伸强度从10.6MPa提高到28.7MPa,提高了171%,杨氏模量由75MPa增大到1119MPa,约提高到原来的15倍;碳纤维网的引入有利于LLDPE/CF复合膜热稳定性能的提高,当碳纤维网含量仅为1%时,LLDPE/CF的初始热分解温度和最大热分解速率温度与LLDPE相比分别提高了21℃和11℃;碳纤维网的引入促进了LLDPE分子链的结晶,使LLDPE/CF复合膜的结晶度增大,有利于拉伸强度和模量提高;SEM结果显示碳纤维网与LLDPE基体间的界面结合较强,有利于力学性能的提高。研究成果可为高性能聚合物/碳纤维复合材料的制备提供实验依据和理论指导价值。

高低温对碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料高压气瓶的性能影响

为了获得T1000碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料高压气瓶环境适应能力,有效地掌握气瓶高低温适应性固有规律,以容积50 L、工作压力30 MPa的复合材料气瓶(钛为内衬、碳纤维/环氧树脂为复合层)为研究对象,首先介绍了高低温循环下带压气瓶(在-40~80℃范围内成功通过热真空、热循环验证,具备高压承载能力)的热真空、热循环试验数据,然后采用与气瓶相同复合材料的拉伸试样(缠绕角分别为0°和90°),通过高低温极限摸底试验获得了复合材料经历不同梯度高低温后的拉伸性能数据,通过数据比对分析获得了高低温影响拉伸强度衰减的规律。同时,提出了一种高低温极限摸底试验的可靠性评估方法。结果表明,在-50~100℃范围内,试样拉伸强度及断裂伸长率变化较小;当温度高于100℃时,纤维和树脂的性能发生衰减,导致拉伸强度明显降低;当温度低于-50℃时,树脂的性能发生衰减,纤维受到的影响较小。试样高低温极限摸底试验的可靠度大于0.999,表明采用拉伸试样高低温拉伸强度数据的替代方式具有较高的等效性。