Corrosion Test of the Steel Plate in a WJ-8 Fastener for High Speed Rail

It was found that the steel plate in the composite plate in the WJ-8 fastener used in high speed rail is rusty. The objective of this study is to test the zinc coating of the steel plate. A literature review was conducted to identify the zinc coating techniques, and the companies that can provide different coating service was identified. A salt fog chamber was built that was in compliance with the ANSI B117 code, and the steel plates that were coated by the identified companies were tested using the salt fog chamber. The results indicated that the coating technique that had the best performance in preventing corrosion was the Greenkote plates with passivation. The galvanized option had the roughest coating layer, and it was the most reactive in the salt water solution. This makes it non-ideal for the dynamic rail environment because the increased friction of the plate could damage the supports, especially during extreme temperatures that would cause the rail to expand or contract. Greenkote with Phosphate and ArmorGalv also provided increased corrosion prevention with a smooth, strong finish, but it had more rust on the surface area than the Greenkote with ELU passivation. The ArmorGalv sample had more rust on the surface area than the Greenkote samples. This may not be a weakness in the ArmorGalv process;rather, it likely was the result of this particular sample not having the added protection of a colored coating.

Study on the pattern of train arrival headway time in high-speed railway

Purpose-The design goal for the tracking interval of high-speed railway trains in China is 3 min,but it is difficult to achieve,and it is widely believed that it is mainly limited by the tracking interval of train arrivals.If the train arrival tracking interval can be compressed,it will be beneficial for China's high-speed railway to achieve a 3-min train tracking interval.The goal of this article is to study how to compress the train arrival tracking interval.Design/methodologylapproach-By simulating the process of dense train groups arriving at the station and stopping,the headway between train arrivals at the station was calculated,and the pattern of train arrival headway was obtained,changing the traditional understanding that the train arrival headway is considered the main factor limiting the headway of trains.Findings-When the running speed of trains is high,the headway between trains is short,the length of the station approach throat area is considerable and frequent train arrivals at the station,the arrival headway for the first group or several groups of trains will exceed the headway,but the subsequent sets of trains will havea headway equal to the arrival headway.This convergence characteristic is obtained by appropriately increasing the running time.Originality/value-According to this pattern,there is no need to overly emphasize the impact of train arrival headway on the headway.This plays an important role in compressing train headway and improving high-speedrailwaycapacity.

Key technologies of earthquake early warning system for China’s high-speed railway

Purpose–The purpose of this study is to introduce the top-level design ideas and the overall architecture of earthquake early-warning system for high speed railways in China,which is based on P-wave earthquake early-warning and multiple ways of rapid treatment.Design/methodology/approach–The paper describes the key technologies that are involved in the development of the system,such as P-wave identification and earthquake early-warning,multi-source seismic information fusion and earthquake emergency treatment technologies.The paper also presents the test results of the system,which show that it has complete functions and its major performance indicators meet the design requirements.Findings–The study demonstrates that the high speed railways earthquake early-warning system serves as an important technical tool for high speed railways to cope with the threat of earthquake to the operation safety.The key technical indicators of the system have excellent performance:The first report time of the P-wave is less than three seconds.From the first arrival of P-wave to the beginning of train braking,the total delay of onboard emergency treatment is 3.63 seconds under 95%probability.The average total delay for power failures triggered by substations is 3.3 seconds.Originality/value–The paper provides a valuable reference for the research and development of earthquake early-warning system for high speed railways in other countries and regions.It also contributes to the earthquake prevention and disaster reduction efforts.

Determining future high speed rail review topics through bibliometric analysis

As High Speed Rail(HSR)has proliferated globally,so has a related research field dedicated to exploring and addressing its unique issues.Yet,studies to understand and classify the HSR research domain are limited.This paper addresses the gap,using bibliometric analysis to identify future research areas and 20 candidate topics for literature review based on keyword analysis through VOSviewer.Article and review papers related to HSR published in the last 20 years(2003-2022)were retrieved from Scopus,and then analyzed to determine the split in knowledge between languages,the collaboration between countries and institutions,highly productive and cited journals,and research topics which have and have not been reviewed.Approximately 30%of the search results were published exclusively in Chinese,highlighting the importance of extending the evaluation to cover both languages.This is a novel aspect of the work,which has enabled the recognition of potential knowledge gaps.It is recommended that future reviews incorporate works in both languages,possibly through international collaboration.Institutions in China and other countries that are strong collaborators have been identified,as well as relevant,highly cited journals.

Cascading Delays for the High-Speed Rail Network Under Different Emergencies:A Double Layer Network Approach

High-speed rail(HSR) has formed a networked operational scale in China. Any internal or external disturbance may deviate trains’ operation from the planned schedules, resulting in primary delays or even cascading delays on a network scale. Studying the delay propagation mechanism could help to improve the timetable resilience in the planning stage and realize cooperative rescheduling for dispatchers. To quickly and effectively predict the spatial-temporal range of cascading delays, this paper proposes a max-plus algebra based delay propagation model considering trains’ operation strategy and the systems’ constraints. A double-layer network based breadth-first search algorithm based on the constraint network and the timetable network is further proposed to solve the delay propagation process for different kinds of emergencies. The proposed model could deal with the delay propagation problem when emergencies occur in sections or stations and is suitable for static emergencies and dynamic emergencies. Case studies show that the proposed algorithm can significantly improve the computational efficiency of the large-scale HSR network. Moreover, the real operational data of China HSR is adopted to verify the proposed model, and the results show that the cascading delays can be timely and accurately inferred, and the delay propagation characteristics under three kinds of emergencies are unfolded.

Behaviour of non-ballast pre-stressed and precast track structures in high speed railway based on multiscale finite element model

In order to make further study on the mechanical property of CRTSIII type slab non-ballast track structures,which was self-designed in China,based on the method of the multiscale finite element model(FEM),the traditional FEM of slab non-ballast track structures was improved.The multiscale FEM of CRTSII type slab nonballast track structures was established based on the general finite element program ABAQUs.Then the comparative calculation was made between various FEMs,showing that the high solution precision,fast modelling speed and high solution efficiency could be obtained.Therefore,the multiscale FEM was suitable for the parametric study on mechanical behaviour of CRTSII type slab non-ballast track structures,and then the key influence factor and constructions could be optimized.

Challenges of the Performance Standards of the International Finance Corporation in Financing the African Integrated High-Speed Railway Network and the Way Forward: The Case of Standard Gauge Railway in Tanzania

Financing of the African Integrated High-Speed Railway Network (AIHSRN) through Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) Projects is very expensive. As a result, most of the African countries seek financial supports from the International Financial Institutions (IFIs). However, conditions provided by the IFIs through the Performance Standards (PS) of the International Financial Corporation (IFC) increase cost of the projects and thus, it becomes a burden to most of the African countries. This study aimed to explore the causes of IFC-PS through the SGR Projects that escalate costs and how to address them. The Tanzania SGR Lot 1 Project that covered 205 km from Dar es Salaam to Morogoro was selected as a case study. The methods used for data collection involved literature review, focus group discussions and interviews. The results and findings show a gap between the IFC-PS and the National Laws and Regulations that escalates costs of the projects if funds from the IFIs were to be secured. To bridge the gap, it is recommended that the African countries should engage into negotiations with the IFIs to agree to waive IFC-PS conditions that escalate costs provided they are adequately covered in the national laws and regulations;engagement of locally established national and regional financial institutions;and the responsible government institutions in the African countries should sit together for assessment and review of the IFC-PS against the national laws and regulations.

Medium-term forecast of daily passenger volume of high speed railway based on DLP-WNNMedium-term forecast of dailypassenger volume of high speedrailway based on DLP-WNN

Purpose – This paper aims to propose a medium-term forecast model for the daily passenger volume of HighSpeed Railway (HSR) systems to predict the daily the Origin-Destination (OD) daily volume formultiple consecutivedays (e.g. 120 days).Design/methodology/approach – By analyzing the characteristics of the historical data on daily passengervolume of HSR systems, the date and holiday labels were designed with determined value ranges.In accordance to the autoregressive characteristics of the daily passenger volume of HSR, the Double LayerParallel Wavelet Neural Network (DLP-WNN) model suitable for the medium-term (about 120 d) forecast of thedaily passenger volume of HSR was established. The DLP-WNN model obtains the daily forecast result byweighed summation of the daily output values of the two subnets. Subnet 1 reflects the overall trend of dailypassenger volumes in the recent period, and subnet 2 the daily fluctuation of the daily passenger volume toensure the accuracy of medium-term forecast.Findings – According to the example application, in which the DLP-WNN modelwas used for the medium-termforecast of the daily passenger volumes for 120 days for typical O-D pairs at 4 different distances, the averageabsolute percentage error is 7%-12%, obviously lower than the results measured by the Back Propagation (BP)neural network, the ELM (extreme learning machine), the ELMAN neural network, the GRNN (generalizedregression neural network) and the VMD-GA-BP. The DLP-WNN model was verified to be suitable for themedium-term forecast of the daily passenger volume of HSR.Originality/value – This study proposed a Double Layer Parallel structure forecast model for medium-termdaily passenger volume (about 120 days) of HSR systems by using the date and holiday labels and WaveletNeural Network. The predict results are important input data for supporting the line planning, scheduling andother decisions in operation and management in HSR systems.

基于IBES-XGBoost的高速铁路沿线风速预测模型

为保证高速铁路沿线风灾预警信息具有较高时效性,需要进行高速铁路沿线超短期风速的提前多步预测。针对众多预测模型在预测中可能存在较大误差的问题,采用Tent混沌映射和BFGS拟牛顿法对秃鹰搜索算法进行改进,并用改进的秃鹰搜索算法(IBES)对XGBoost的初始参数进行优化。在构建IBES-XGBoost模型时,加入风速以外的其他气象特征,以提高预测精度。实验结果表明:(1)改进的秃鹰算法相比其他智能优化算法有更好的寻优能力,与其他模型相比IBES-XGBoost在超短期风速的提前多步预测上有着较高的精度和较好的拟合效果。(2)Tent混沌映射和BFGS拟牛顿法对秃鹰算法有着较好的改进效果。(3)IBES-XGBoost能为高速铁路规范下的大风预警提供可靠的提前多步预测结果。

基于DFD-DBSCAN的高速列车电池组多故障诊断方法

高速列车电池作为备用电源,被广泛应用于辅助供电系统以维持高速列车控制系统的正常运转,其可靠性涉及行车安全。列车频繁起停、频繁加减速以及震动等多种复杂运行环境易导致电池单体故障和连接故障。为了保证高速列车的安全运行,高速列车电池组的状态检测与多故障诊断研究备受关注。目前,针对高速列车电池组的多故障诊断方法的研究尚属空白,提出一种基于改进离散弗雷歇距离(Discrete Fréchet Distance, DFD)和自适应密度聚类(Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise, DBSCAN)的高速列车电池组的实时多故障诊断方法,以准确识别电池组的连接故障和单体故障。以高速列车电池作为研究对象,通过设计适用于高速列车电池组的电压交叉测量方法,使得电池电压和连接板电压与不同的电压传感器相关联,并通过DFD算法对电池组的故障特征进行提取,将电压偏移率与DFD共同作为故障诊断模型的参数输入以提高算法的鲁棒性与可靠性,接着引入DBSCAN算法自动对故障诊断并定位。为了保证算法的实时性,利用基于滑动窗口的遗忘机制实时地对采样数据进行诊断。通过实验对所提出的方法进行验证,结果表明该方法可及时有效地诊断电池组的单体故障与连接故障并准确定位,弥补了高速列车电池组多故障诊断方法研究的缺失,对提高轨道列车的行车安全具有工程实用意义。

高速铁路日常客运量的EMD-Informer组合预测方法

铁路客流需求的科学预测是进行运输组织方案决策的重要依据。以高速铁路历史客票数据为基础,结合经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,EMD)与机器深度学习中的注意力机制,提出高速铁路日客流量的EMD-Informer组合预测方法。首先采用EMD方法分解高速铁路客流量序列,获得具有周期特征和线路客流内在特征的模态分量,再利用Informer模型分别训练和预测各模态分解分量,并通过多头注意力机制高效挖掘客流数据内在规律和捕捉数据序列中的关键特征,在此基础上重组各分量预测值,从而得到高速铁路日常客流的整体高精度预测值。同时,根据结合问题特征的大量实验,明确可供实际运用参考的超参数设置规则。基于京沪高速铁路全线的实例计算分析表明,相对对比预测方法,EMD-Informer组合预测方法在高速铁路客流的单步预测及超前预测上均具有明显更小的预测误差。

高速铁路主跨320 m钢-混部分斜拉桥无砟轨道适应性研究

南玉高铁六景郁江特大桥设计将钢-混部分斜拉桥结构引入时速350 km高速铁路领域,而300 m级以上大跨度桥上无砟轨道的竖向变形极易超限,影响列车通过的安全性和舒适性,因此,系统研究在此大跨桥梁结构上铺设无砟轨道的适应性十分必要。通过建立有限元及动力学模型,分析不同组合工况下无砟轨道结构的变形特点及动力特性,运用60 m弦测法探究各工况下无砟轨道的线形变化规律,从而确定大跨度钢-混部分斜拉桥铺设无砟轨道的适应性,并对设计和施工提出合理化建议。主要结论如下:在各种不利组合荷载作用下,桥上无砟轨道结构强度满足规范要求,列车通过大桥的各项安全性与舒适性指标均满足规范要求;混凝土收缩徐变和斜拉索升降温是影响无砟轨道线形标准的两大主因,应在无砟轨道施工前确保足够的沉降观测期和收缩徐变释放期,并充分考虑拉索的保温设计;在温度组合荷载作用下,桥上无砟轨道的60 m弦测不平顺幅值为6.79 mm,满足高速铁路静态验收标准;但在叠加列车荷载和收缩徐变后,变形弦测值均出现Ⅱ级及以上超限,通过合理设置预拱度后可有效改善轨道平顺性标准。

轻量化高速列车制动盘材料-结构研究进展

400 km/h高速列车紧急制动的强热负荷,导致制动盘温升高、温度分布梯度大和热衰减强,已超出钢质制动盘能载极限,开发耐高温强耐磨的制动盘材料,同时提升制动盘通风散热能力成为制动技术发展瓶颈。综述高速制动盘材料从高强度铸钢和锻钢、轻量化铝基复合材料至耐高温耐磨碳陶复合材料和表面改性技术发展历程,随着碳陶复合材料的台架试验和表面改性技术的摩擦磨损试验研究的深化,表面改性轻质复合材料是制动盘材料未来发展方向。概述通风制动盘内部散热层散热筋结构形貌优化、摩擦层表面耐磨性能改善的发展现状,内部散热筋由直通道设计逐渐演化为弯曲、支柱以及分形通道,镂空结构能更好地加速空气流动提高散热;表面摩擦层引入打孔或划线,更易于摩擦粉尘的抛离从而稳定摩擦因数,保持制动效果;但复杂通风导流结构和打孔划线增加了制备工艺的难度,提出高速制动盘结构构型设计需要综合材料热力学性能、制备工艺及耐热耐磨需求,形成材料-结构-功能—体化设计理念,为实现更高速的制动盘优化设计提供参考。

长联大跨钢桁梁桥-无砟轨道静动力适应性研究

研究目的:为研究高速铁路长联大跨钢桁梁桥铺设无砟轨道的适应性,本文以我国首座铺设无砟轨道的长联大跨钢桁梁桥-郑济高铁黄河特大桥为研究对象,基于梁轨相互作用原理建立钢桁梁桥-无砟轨道精细化非线性分析模型,分析无缝线路强度、变形协调性、轨道静态铺设精度指标的变化规律,研究钢桁梁桥-无砟轨道静力适应性;基于车桥耦合动力学理论建立车-轨-桥耦合动力学模型,分析不同温度下的车桥耦合振动及行车性能,研究钢桁梁桥-无砟轨道动力适应性。研究结论:(1)长联大跨钢桁梁桥-无砟轨道体系的无缝线路强度、变形协调性、轨道静态不平顺及行车性能指标等指标均满足规范要求,静动力适应性表现良好;(2)温度梯度对无砟轨道层间压缩量、扣件滑移量影响显著,与整体温差相比,分别增大了51.08%和50.00%;(3)温度梯度劣化轨道静态中短波不平顺,与整体温差相比,10 m弦长、30 m基线长指标分别增大了144.12%和76.06%,60 m弦长指标基本不变;(4)温度梯度对轮重减载率影响显著,对脱轨系数、横向轮轨力等其他安全性和舒适度指标影响较小。

圆形抗滑桩-拱形挡土板支挡性能与参数分析

为规避当前施工方法的不足,发展安全、高效和可靠的施工方法。依托东北地区某高速铁路路堑边坡工程,采用适于机械钻孔的圆形抗滑桩代替现行矩形抗滑桩,预制拱形挡土板,本文提出一种新型拱形板-桩墙支挡体系;并构建有限元模型,分析桩长、桩径、桩间距以及拱形挡土板矢跨比对新型拱形板-桩墙支挡体系支护性能的影响;揭示不同参数下桩顶水平位移与桩身内力的变化规律。研究结果表明:桩长与桩身弯矩和剪力大小呈正相关关系,与桩顶水平位移呈负相关关系。桩长超过14 m时,其对桩顶水平位移、桩身弯矩和剪力的影响效应明显减弱;随着桩间距增大,桩顶水平位移增大但变化幅度逐渐减小。拱形挡土板矢跨比增大时,桩顶水平位移、桩身弯矩和剪力均减小。影响拱形板-桩墙体系支挡性能的因素依次为桩间距、桩长、桩径和矢跨比。研究结果为圆形抗滑桩-拱形挡土板支挡体系在实际工程中的应用提供新思路。

基于MDS和改进SSA-SVM的高速铁路道岔故障诊断方法研究

针对高速铁路道岔设备故障频繁,现场维修工作量大等问题,提出基于多维尺度缩放法(MDS)和改进麻雀搜索算法(SSA)优化支持向量机(SVM)的高速铁路道岔故障诊断模型。首先以ZDJ9道岔转换功率曲线为研究对象,总结现场典型道岔故障类型及故障原因,分别提取道岔功率曲线的时域、频域特征指标以及小波包能量熵,组成特征指标向量;其次采用MDS方法进行多维特征指标的降维优化,建立道岔故障特征指标样本数据库;最后利用改进Circle混沌映射初始化种群,并通过自适应t分布增强麻雀种群的多样性,再以改进SSA算法优化SVM模型中的惩罚因子和核函数方差2个关键参数,构建改进SSA-SVM的道岔故障诊断模型。故障诊断结果表明,本模型的故障诊断正确率高达96.25%,诊断效果优于其他方法,可以为道岔设备的故障维修提供理论依据。

高速-重载全地形车仿生悬架系统运动学分析

全球自然灾害形势复杂,极端灾害事件呈频发、高发、突发态势。某型高速-重载全地形车作业过程中会产生剧烈振动,传统减振方案存在诸多影响减振效能的潜在因素。从仿生学原理和生物力学机理入手,探究自然界犀牛、袋鼠的生物缓冲特性与全地形车速度快、承载重、冲击强等应用性能之间的内在联系,结合机械原理,研究一套结构紧凑、抗冲击能力强的仿生悬架系统,响应高速-重载全地形车在复杂地形下应急保障工作的需求。结合几何原理建立仿生悬架系统运动学数学模型,求得各输入、输出角位置参数数值算例,并对三维模型展开位置仿真分析,验证数值算例的正确性。在验证其仿真结果与理论计算结果相符的基础上,对相应角速度及角加速度随时间变化的运动轨迹进行运动学分析,验证该机构在运动过程中的平稳性,表明结构设计符合减小冲击和振荡的实际运行需求。运动学数学模型可为后续结构参数优化、确定减振单元性能、进一步实行控制和试验工作提供可靠的数据资料和理论支撑,有助于提高减振系统研究与设计的效率,缩短研发周期,降低研究成本,同时为其他减振系统研究提供有益参考。

高速磁浮列车-轨道梁耦合系统轨道不平顺敏感波长研究

轨道不平顺是诱发车-桥系统耦合振动的主要激励源之一,探明系统耦合振动不平顺敏感波长,对线路管理具有重要参考价值。首先,建立了高速磁浮列车-轨道梁耦合系统空间模型,其中磁浮列车被模拟为具有537个自由度的多体动力学模型,轨道梁被模拟为空间有限元模型,两者之间通过基于比例-微分(proportional-differentiation, PD)控制理论的磁轨关系耦合。其次,以上海高速磁浮为研究背景,选用5车编组列车驶过20跨简支梁桥为计算条件,通过与实测结果对比,验证了模型的正确性。最后,考虑轨道谐波不平顺激励,探讨了不同方向的轨道不平顺组合、不同轨道不平顺幅值和不同车速对列车和桥梁动力响应敏感波长及列车运行平稳性的影响。结果表明:磁浮列车-桥系统横向振动和竖向振动耦合性很弱;在设计车速430 km/h下,车体竖向、侧滚和点头加速度敏感波长分别为140~180 m、60~100 m和120~160 m,车体横向和摇头加速度敏感波长大于200 m;当波长为80、105、115、140和160 m时,会分别引发车体侧滚、摇头、横向、点头和竖向方向的共振;车体和主梁的响应幅值与轨道不平顺幅值基本呈线性关系;当轨道不平顺幅值为1 mm时,在计算车速200、250、300、350、390和430 km/h工况下,车体侧滚加速度峰值随车速变化不大,其他4个自由度方向的加速度峰值随着车速的增大而减小,主梁竖向加速度幅值随车速的增大呈线性增大;从车体的横向和竖向Sperling指标可以看出,车体的Sperling指标均小于2.5,磁浮列车的运行平稳性良好。

考虑路基剪切效应的高速铁路有砟轨道-车辆系统移动元分析

为在现有三层离散支撑梁有砟轨道模型中考虑路基土体间的剪切效应,在Pasternak双参数地基模型基础上对剪切层进行离散处理,采用移动单元法建立了考虑路基土体剪切效应的有砟轨道-车辆耦合动力学模型,将移动单元法与MATLAB相结合,编制计算程序,通过MATLAB数值计算,研究路基剪切效应对车-轨耦合系统的影响,以及轨道不平顺和轨枕空吊对系统动力特性的影响规律。研究结果表明,考虑路基剪切效应时,钢轨、轨枕、道砟的位移响应均有不同程度的减小,并且抑制情况从钢轨到道砟相差逐渐增大,三者的加速度响应也均有较为明显的下降,其对加速度响应的抑制效果从道砟到轨枕依次减小,但钢轨的加速度减幅大于道砟,对轮轨接触力有一定影响,但影响不明显,减幅仅为0.85%;不平顺幅值和波长特性对系统的动力响应会产生显著影响,随着幅值增大和短波成分增加,系统动力响应加剧,其中2 m左右短波不平顺和90%百分位数谱对轮轨动力特性影响显著;列车经过空吊区域时,空吊及周围区域轨道结构动力响应会发生突变,导致系统动力响应超过限值。建立的基于移动单元法的有砟轨道-车辆耦合模型及相关分析可为高速铁路的振动分析提供参考依据。

高铁列车荷载作用下桩-土复合地基及近接地铁隧道的动力响应模拟研究

[目的]作为典型的振动荷载,高铁列车运行引起的振动荷载会诱发桩-土地基及附近结构产生动力响应,有必要对桩-土复合地基及近接隧道的动力响应特性进行研究。[方法]基于西安地铁14号线下穿大西高速铁路特大桥工程,采用模型试验和数值模拟相结合的方法,以峰值振动加速度、峰值振动速度和峰值振动位移作为动力响应评价指标,研究了列车移动荷载作用下桩-土复合地基及近接隧道的动力响应特性。[结果及结论]研究结果表明,当施加列车荷载时,地基内部的动力响应指标均随着埋深的增加而衰减,但存在近接隧道时,动力响应指标值显著增加,且在隧道埋深处衰减明显。随着距桩基中心距离的增加,隧道埋深处的桩-隧之间地基的各动力响应指标从“波浪形”分布变为单调递减分布。根据峰值振动速度的控制阈值,近接隧道埋深处距桩基础中心水平3.6 m范围内的地基处于危险影响区,必须采用减振措施;3.6~11.4 m范围内的地基处于强影响区,建议采取减振措施;11.4 m以外的地基处于弱影响区,视结构的重要性决定是否需要采取减振措施。