Biodrying of municipal solid waste with high water content by combined hydrolytic-aerobic technology

The high water content of municipal solid waste(MSW)will reduce the effciency of mechanical sorting,consequently unfavorable for beneficial utilization.In this study,a combined hydrolytic-aerobic biodrying technology was introduced to remove water from MSW.The total water removals were proved to depend on the ventilation frequency and the temporal span in the hydrolytic stage. The ventilation frequency of 6 times/d was preferable in the hydrolytic stage.The hydrolytic span should not be prolonged more than ...

Performance Simulation of H-TDS Unit of Fajr Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant Using a Combination of Neural Network and Principal Component Analysis

Nowadays, with regard to environmental issues, proper operation of wastewater treatment plants is of particular importance that in the case of inappropriate utilization, they will cause serious problems. Processes that exist in environmental systems and environmental engineers are dealing with them mostly have two major characteristics: they are dependent on many variables;and there are complex relationships between its components which make them very difficult to analyze. Being familiar with characteristics of industrial town effluents from various wastewater treatment units, which have high qualitative and quantitative variations and more uncertainties compared to urban wastewaters, plays very effective role in governing them. In order to achieve a better and efficient control over the operation of an industrial wastewater treatment plant, powerful mathematical tool can be used that is based on recorded data from some basic parameters of wastewater during a period of treatment plant operation. In this study, the multilayer perceptron (MLP) feed forward neural network with a hidden layer and stop training method was used to predict quality parameters of the industrial effluent. Data of this study are related to the Fajr Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant located in Mahshahr—Iran that qualitative and quantitative characteristics of its units were used for training, calibration and evaluation of the neural model. Also, Principal Component Analysis technique was applied to modify and improve performance of generated models of neural networks. The results of this model showed good accuracy of the model in estimating qualitative pro- file of wastewater. This model facilitates evaluating the performance of each treatment plant units through comparing the results of prediction model with the standard amount of output.

High Water Content Material Based on Ba-Bearing Sulphoaluminate Cement

A new type of high water content material which is made up of two pastes is prepared, one is refute from lime and gypsum, and another is based on Ba-bearing sulphoaluminate cement. It has excellent properties such as slow single paste solidifing ,fust double pustes solidifing ,fast coagulating and hardening, high early strength, good suspeasion property at high W/C ratio and low cost. Meanwhile, the properties and hydration mechanism of the material were analyzed by using XRD, DTA- TG and SEM. The hydrated products of new type of high water content material are Ba-bearing ettringite, BaSO4 , aluminum gel and C-S-H gel.

泥水盾构高含水率超高黏粒含量废弃泥浆絮凝脱水试验研究

针对江阴第二过江通道工程中泥水盾构产生的高含水率超高黏粒含量废弃泥浆泥水分离困难、处理效率低的问题,采用阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺(APAM)、聚合氯化铝(PAC)和聚合氯化铝铁(PAFC)3种絮凝剂开展泥浆絮凝试验,研究不同絮凝剂的絮凝脱水效果,选取底泥等效含水率、界面沉降速率、上清液浊度、泥浆脱水率以及Zeta电位作为评价指标,分析絮凝剂类型、用量、复配形式等对絮凝效果的影响,并探讨不同絮凝剂的絮凝机制。试验结果表明:1)不同絮凝剂对应的泥浆脱水效果排序为APAM>PAFC+APAM≥PAC+APAM>PAFC≥PAC,上清液浊度去除效果排序为PAFC>PAC>PAFC+APAM>PAC+APAM>APAM;2)有机絮凝剂APAM的最适投加量与其分子量密切相关,且不同分子量APAM的极限脱水率不尽相同,药剂分子量保持在1200万~1400万时,脱水效果最佳;3)PAFC+APAM复配絮凝剂对本依托工程中高含水率超高黏粒含量废弃泥浆调理效果最好,PAFC溶液和APAM溶液的最适投加量分别为33 g·L^(-1)和233 g·L^(-1),对应的PAFC和APAM干物质投加量分别为1.6 g·L^(-1)和0.466 g·L^(-1),在此条件下,泥浆90 min脱水率为29.6%,上清液浊度可降低至62.0 NTU;4)复配絮凝剂的脱水效果主要由有机絮凝剂APAM长链的吸附架桥作用主导,对上清液浊度的去除主要与无机絮凝剂PAC和PAFC的电性中和作用相关。

大掺量固废混凝土的制备及性能研究

将粉煤灰、矿粉、不同类型的钢渣粉按不同质量比(mF∶mK∶mG分别为60∶32∶8、60∶28∶12、60∶24∶16、50∶40∶10、50∶35∶15、50∶30∶20)制备了三元复合掺合料,确定了最佳钢渣粉类型和mF∶mK∶mG。在此基础上,通过调整砂率、水胶比、减水剂掺量等方式制备了大掺量固废混凝土(固废总量≥70%),研究了其工作性、力学及耐久性能。结果表明:综合考虑胶砂流动度、三元复合掺合料的活性指数、经济性和环境效益,推荐选用原状钢渣粉,并控制mF∶mK∶mG为60∶32∶8;制备的大掺量固废混凝土的工作性、力学及耐久性能均较好,满足相关设计要求,并推荐采用聚羧酸减水剂,不推荐采用以萘系减水剂与脂肪族减水剂复配而成的复合减水剂。

高含水钻井固废超细颗粒过滤分离实验研究

针对钻井固废处理的难点在于其含有大量10μm以下的超细颗粒难以分离问题,结合振动筛分和深层过滤处理方法,从减少整体固相含量和分离超细颗粒出发,开发了一种能有效去除高含水钻井固废中超细颗粒的新型处理方法。结果表明,在优选工艺参数下,高含水钻井固废经过振动筛分处理后,10μm以上的较大颗粒被去除,固相含量从30.42%降低至9.55%。筛下液再经过深层过滤处理,92.77%的超细颗粒被去除。研究结果表明,新型处理方法对高含水钻井固废超细颗粒有良好的去除效果,有利于实现高含水钻井固废回收利用要求。

高温热泵在冷却水余热回收中的应用分析

文章提出了一种利用高温热泵回收冷却水余热制备中、高温热水的方案。通过建立简化的热力学模型,分析冷、热源温度对热泵单位制热量、单位压缩功及COP(Coefficient of Performance,能效比)值的影响。并从经济节能和环境保护两个方面进行了效益分析,结果表明:与传统的蒸汽加热制备热水相比,高温热泵回收冷却水余热制备中、高温热水的方案具有经济效益和环境效益,更符合节能减排要求。

高水分褐煤发电技术在我国的发展现状与分析

介绍我国褐煤资源特点和褐煤发电技术的发展现状,并分析褐煤锅炉、中速磨制粉系统及设备选型优化、烟气余热利用、烟气提水等褐煤发电关键技术。经分析可知,我国褐煤发电机组在机组参数、能耗水平、环保等方面处于世界领先水平,下一阶段应向着更加高效、绿色的方向发展。

多源低碳能源梯级利用在孙庄采矿公司的应用与研究

邯郸市孙庄采矿公司通过设置现有太阳能系统、煤矿压风机余热回收系统和空气源热泵系统、综合自动化控制平台的优先投入使用级别,实现耦合串联多源低碳能源梯级利用,完成3套系统的高效配合,满足全矿冬季供暖和澡堂恒温供水需求。本文从设备组成、工作原理、技术创新等方面进行详细阐述,设计了一套集冬季供暖、热能利用和洗浴供水平衡的新型综合循环系统,实现了低碳能源高效利用,拓宽了余热资源利用渠道,替代了原有洗浴系统燃气锅炉和电锅炉,减少了天然气和电力能源消耗,降低了碳排放量,对“双碳”目标实现具有重要意义。

高盐环氧丙烷污水提标改造工艺研究

针对高盐环氧丙烷废水在经过“曝气+接触氧化+絮凝沉淀”等处理后,剩余COD已属于难降解COD,企业亟须提标改造,以满足COD<30 mg/L的排放要求,进行了以“臭氧+接触氧化”为主工艺路线的试验。试验结果表明,该工艺具有稳定性好、抗冲击能力强的特点,可稳定保证出水COD<30 mg/L。

Frying Performance of High Oleic Oil Enriched in Biophenols during Discontinuos and Prolonged Thermal Treatment

Biophenols are potent natural antioxidants that protect food quality by preventing oxidative deterioration of lipids. During heat treatment this protective rule prevents oxidation caused by many factors, as high temperature reached, presence of oxygen and water contained in food matrix. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frying performance of high oleic oil enriched in biophenols, comparing its thermal stability with those of high oleic oil (control sample) during thermo-oxidation and deep fat frying process. Positive effects when biophenols were added to oil were found: lower acidity levels, lower TPC values during the first 16 hours of heat treatment, absence of short chain fatty acids (C8:0) until 24 h of thermo-oxidation treatment and detection of lower acrylamide content in French friesrespect to those fried in the control oil.

Species distribution of arsenic in sediments after an unexpected emergent discharge of high-arsenic wastewater into a river

The unexpected emergent discharge of high- arsenic wastewater into water environments results in significantly increased levels of arsenic in water; however, the species distribution of arsenic in sediments has never been reported before for such cases. This study focuses on an As pollution accident in the Dasha River, and uses sequential extraction procedures with deionized water, l mol-L-1 MgC12 at pH = 8, 1 mol.L-1 NaH2PO4 at pH = 5, and 1 mol. L-1 HC1 to investigate four binding phases of arsenic （i.e., water soluble, ion-exchangeable, strongly- bound, and precipitates） in sediments at different layers in different cross-sections along the fiver. The average ratio of arsenite （As（III）） to arsenate （As（V）） was found to decrease from 0.74：1 in fiver water to 0.48：1 in sediment, owing to its higher affinity toward As（V） than As（III）. The content of arsenic in the sediments was relatively low and the maximum content was observed to be 36.3 mg-kg1 for As（IID and 97.5 mg.kg1 for As（V）. As（III） and As（V） showed different binding phases in sediments, and the average fractions of these four species were determined to be 0.09, 0.11, 0.17, and 0.63 for As（III） and 0.03, 0.14, 0.63, and 0.20 for As（V）, respectively. For all the sediment samples, the content of arsenic showed no relationship with the characteristics of the sediments such as the particle diameter, the content of organic carbon, Fe, and Mn, although a negative correlation with particle diameter was observed for the sediments in the uppermost 2-cm layer. The unexpected emergent As incident results in the high content of total arsenic in the surface sediment, which may be potential secondary source to the elevated As levels in surface water.

基于废弃PET的高值化功能性多孔碳材料及其应用进展

聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)应用极为广泛。废弃PET在自然界中不易降解,环境污染问题日益严峻。传统的物理回收和化学回收存在产品性能不稳定、工艺复杂、设备要求高等问题。利用物理或化学的方法将废弃PET转化为性能优异、功能强大、应用面广的高附加值功能材料是解决废弃PET环境污染问题及使资源可持续发展的重要技术。本文系统地归纳了废弃PET制备高附加值功能性多孔碳材料的方法,包括直接碳化法、活化法和模板法,重点综述了基于废弃PET的多孔碳材料在环境修复、能量存储与转化、催化等领域的应用研究进展。针对目前基于废弃PET的多孔碳材料制备与应用研究中存在的问题,提出塑料废弃物的高效分类、低能耗、孔隙结构精确可控先进制备技术的研发,以及多孔碳材料构效关系机理的深入探究是实现废弃PET高值转化及工业化应用的重要研究方向。

Influence of heating and water-exposure on the liquid limits of GMZ01 and MX80 bentonites

Bentonite has been considered as a buffer material for embedding canisters with high-level radioactive waste（HLW） in deep geological repositories.GMZ bentonite deposit,located in Xinghe County,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China was proposed as a buffer/backfill material for HLW repository in China.The liquid limits of natural Na-bentonite GMZ01 and commercial Na-bentonite MX80,which are previously heated at 80 ℃ and 95 ℃,respectively,and exposed to water for different times are measured.It is observed that the liquid limit of GMZ01 increases slightly at the beginning,and then decreases as the heating time increases,while the liquid limit of MX80 decreases with the heating time.The liquid limits of both GMZ01 and MX80 decrease with increasing water-exposure time.After the samples are heated at 80℃and 95 ℃ for several months,the mineralogical composition of GMZ01 does not exhibit evident change,whereas MX80 experiences some changes.In addition,the chemical composition,cation exchange capacity（CEC） and exchangeable cation of all the samples do not change significantly.

高温环境下水冷炉排的散热管道排布方式研究

为避免高热值垃圾焚烧时可能导致的炉排受热烧损现象,本文以某型号水冷炉排为研究对象,在管道截面相同的条件下,仿真研究了3种内部管道排布方式(折线型、波浪型、回型)在4种不同垃圾热值及4种不同冷却水流速条件下的散热性能。结果表明:折线型水冷炉排适用于垃圾热值变化范围小的垃圾焚烧炉,而波浪型水冷炉排适用于垃圾热值变化范围大的垃圾焚烧炉,对高温环境下强制水冷炉排的设计具有一定参考价值。

高速铁路集便器污水节能降耗处理新模式与碳减排潜能

为提高高铁集便器污水的去除效率,实现节能降耗的目的,以某高铁污水处理站为研究对象,采用有机物产沼气回收发电-厌氧氨氧化-自养脱氮-热泵热能回收的新型联合工艺处理,通过与传统模式对比在能耗及碳排放量的差异,发现新模式具有显著优势,改造后计算结果显示,高速铁路集便器污水处理系统中能耗、碳排放量分别减少55.3%、60.7%,且其能源自给率、碳中和率分别达到80.5%、53.0%。另外,集便器污水回收的热能与沼气发电能之比为1∶1.3,相较于城市污水,其有机能的回收具有明显价值。高铁集便器污水沼气回收发电-混合污水Anammox自养脱氮-混合污水热泵热能回收的新工艺对于碳排放强度降低60.7%,同时相应节约55.3%的能源,其在能源中和、碳中和方面,带来更好的处理效益,是一项可行的方案。本研究表明,有机能回收-Anammox-热能回收是一种适用于含高氨氮集便器废水的高铁站段污水处理站的新型低能耗、低碳排的处理工艺,可以在全国高铁站推广使用,为后续高铁污水站提标改造工程提供了新的思路。

Design of the reactive dyes containing large planar multi-conjugated systems and their application in non-aqueous dyeing

The development of pollution-free dyeing technology, including anhydrous dyeing and non-aqueous dyeing technologies, has always been an important way and research hot in energy conservation and emission reduction. Designing new structural dye molecules is the key to water-saving dyeing processes.Herein, three reactive dyes were designed and synthesized, which contained large planar multiconjugated systems and multi-reactive groups. The designed reactive dyes are expected to have high affinity and high fixations in non-aqueous or small bath dyeing processes. The reactive dyes were applied in the decamethylcyclopentasiloxane(DMCS) reverse micelle dyeing for cotton fabric. High exhaustion rate of 99.35%, 98.10% and 98.80%, and fixation rate of 95.15%, 96.34% and 94.40% for three dyes, R1,R2 and R3, could be respectively obtained. The dyes can be fully utilized and had excellent dyeing performance, fastness and levelling properties under the revere micelle dyeing. The cotton fabric is like an oil-water separator in the dyeing process, where the dye micelles rapidly absorb and permeate into the cotton fibers. DMCS circulates around the fabric to transfer mass and energy. After dyeing, the solvent can be separated quickly and reused. The new reactive dyes containing large planar and multi-conjugated systems have potential application in green and sustainable dyeing technology with less wastewater and higher utilization.

大功率UV-LED散热与纳米TiO_(2)光催化酸性红26耦合系统性能

设计了大功率UV-LED散热和纳米TiO_(2)光催化酸性红26耦合系统,采用污水循环冷却UV-LED提高灯珠工作效率的同时实现污水光催化降解脱色,将污水循环系统与紫外光源冷却耦合是创新点。采用模拟优化UV-LED灯珠排布,以污水脱色为探针反应,发现污水冷却能使UV-LED结温降低41.2%,平均辐照度和污水脱色效率分别提高11.03%和1.68倍。环境因素对污水降解性能影响结果表明,光催化活性与污染物浓度成反比,与催化剂初始浓度成正比,达0.75g/L后趋于稳定;考虑吸附和氧化基团对降解速率影响,最优pH为2。本设计与传统环隙式反应器对比,表观量子产率和脱色效率分别是后者的2.3倍和4.3倍,能耗仅为后者的9.1%。该耦合系统在UV-LED的温度控制和废水处理领域具有潜在应用价值。

高含盐放射性废水膜处理技术研究进展及可行性分析

放射性废水高效处理是制约核能行业发展的重要问题,其中高含盐放射性废水处理是直接影响放射性废水最终处理处置效果安全性和经济性的一个关键环节。目前,在高含盐放射性废水处理方面,国内外在技术先进性和经济性方面差距仍然非常明显。膜处理技术由于自身的技术特点,在非放射性高含盐废水处理和国外放射性高盐废水处理方向有一定应用。因此,本文系统地就膜技术的特点、在非放射性行业以及目前在国内外高含盐放射性废液的应用进行调研、分析和论证。对膜处理技术在放射性高含盐废水的应用的可行性进行了初步的判断,并对后续研究提供了一定的初步建议,以期为后续的高含盐放射性废液处理提供一定的理论指导。

纯碱软化-高效反渗透在浓盐水处理中的应用

采用纯碱软化-高效反渗透组合工艺对某热电企业反渗透系统产生的高盐度浓水进行处理,产水用作循环冷却水补水。结果表明,纯碱软化法除硬效率高达90.2%,再经弱酸阳床处理后,水中硬度可被完全去除;高效反渗透系统除盐率最高达97.4%,产水率达91.3%,产水水质可满足《城市污水再生利用工业用水水质》(GB/T19923-2005)要求。项目吨水药剂费用为4.7元,其中液碱、盐酸费用占比分别为53.80%、17.28%。该工艺回收了水资源,实现了浓盐水减量化,具有良好的社会效益。