Effect of Calcium on the Vanadium Extraction from High Calcium Type Stone Coal

The high calcium type stone coal from Hubei province was leached by water and dilute acid separately after being roasted with different dosage of Na Cl. The water leaching rate of vanadium（WLRV） was low and only 26.8% of vanadium can be leached by water when 4% Na Cl was added, but the acid leaching rate of vanadium（ALRV） was relatively high. Calcium in the high calcium type stone coal is greatly superfl uous relative to vanadium, hence, the calcium reacts with vanadium to form Ca（VO3）2, Ca2V2O7 and Ca3（VO4）2orderly during the stone coal roasting process and high temperature is beneficial to the reactions between calcium and vanadium, which was validated by simulated reactions between pure calcium carbonate and vanadium pentoxide. These calcium vanadates are all water insoluble but acid soluble and this causes the low WLRV and relatively high ALRV. After calcium removal by HCl, the WLRV is highly enhanced and reaches about 50% when only 2% Na Cl was added. If the HCl content is too high, the stone coal is easily sintered and the formed glass structure can enwrap vanadium, which leads the WLRV to decline. Single water leaching process is not appropriate to extract vanadium from high calcium type stone coal.

Research on Preparation and Influencing Fctors of High Calcium High Sulfate Ash to Autoclaved Aerated Concrete

In this paper, a high calcium high sulfate ash as the main material, adding fly ash, lime, cement, gypsum and some modifiers to prepare autoclaved aerated concrete. The products complies with the technical requirements of GB/T11968-2006. This paper also studies the influence of the physical methods and water ratio on autoclaved aerated concrete by high calcium high sulfate ash aerated concrete. The best ratio of water and Grinding time were found in practice study.

Dry Mix Slag—High-Calcium Fly Ash Binder. Part Two: Durability

This work investigates durability of cement-free mortars with a binder comprised of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) activated by high-calcium fly ash (HCFA) and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3): the soundness, sulfate resistance, alkali-silica reactivity and efflorescence factors are considered. Results of tests show that such mortars are resistant to alkali-silica expansion. Mortars are also sulfate-resistant when the amount of HCFA in the complex binder is within a limit of 10 wt%. The fineness of fly ash determines its’ ability to activate GGBFS hydration, and influence soundness of the binder, early strength development, sulfate resistance and efflorescence behavior. The present article is a continuation of authors’ work, previously published in MSA, Vol. 14, 240-254.

Dry Mix Slag—High-Calcium Fly Ash Binder. Part One: Hydration and Mechanical Properties

High-calcium fly ash (HCFA)—a residue of high-temperature coal combustion at thermal power plants, in combination with sodium carbonate presents an effective hardening activator of ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS). Substitution of 10% - 30% of GGBFS by HCFA and premixing of 1% - 3% Na2CO3 to this dry binary binder was discovered to give mortar compression strength of 10 - 30 to 30 - 45 MPa at 7 and 28 days when moist cured at ambient temperature. High-calcium fly ash produced from low-temperature combustion of fuel, like in circulating fluidized bed technology, reacts with water readily and is itself a good hardening activator for GGBFS, so introduction of Na2CO3 into such mix has no noticeable effect on the mortar strength. However, low-temperature HCFA has higher water demand, and the strength of mortar is compromised by this factor. As of today, our research is still ongoing, and we expect to publish more data on different aspects of durability of proposed GGBFS-HCFA binder later.

X-ray diffraction investigation of amorphous calcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite under ultra-high hydrostatic pressure

The changes in the crystal structures of synthetically prepared amorphous calcium phosphate（ACP） and hydroxyapatite（HAP） in water（1：1 mass ratio） were studied by synchrotron X-ray diffraction（XRD） under ultra-high hydrostatic pressures as high as 2.34 GPa for ACP and 4 GPa for HAP. At ambient pressure, the XRD patterns of the ACP and HAP samples in capillary tubes and their environmental scanning electron micrographs indicated amorphous and crystalline characteristics for ACP and HAP, respectively. At pressures greater than 0.25 GPa, an additional broad peak was observed in the XRD pattern of the ACP phase, indicating a partial phase transition from an amorphous phase to a new high-pressure amorphous phase. The peak areas and positions of the ACP phase, as obtained through fitting of the experimental data, indicated that the ACP exhibited increased pseudo-crystalline behavior at pressures greater than 0.96 GPa. Conversely, no structural changes were observed for the HAP phase up to the highest applied pressure of 4 GPa. For HAP, a unit-cell reduction during compression was evidenced by a reduction in both refined lattice parameters a and c. Both ACP and HAP reverted to their original structures when the pressure was fully released to ambient pressure.

高钙镁油藏悬浮微晶聚合物体系研究

为了解决高钙镁油藏聚丙烯酰胺类聚合物抗盐性能差、无法开展聚合物驱现场应用的问题。悬浮微晶聚合物体系通过自研的增黏剂将水中钙镁离子变成微晶,从而使注入水的高浓度钙镁离子变害为利,大幅度提高了聚合物溶液抗钙镁、增黏的性能。研究表明:悬浮微晶聚合物体系具有良好的增黏性,其黏度是相同浓度聚合物溶液黏度的3.1~4.0倍。悬浮微晶聚合物体系中分散剂最佳浓度为0.2%,成晶剂最佳浓度为0.3%。聚合物优选疏水缔合型聚丙烯酰胺类聚合物。悬浮微晶聚合物体系在高钙镁油藏具有良好的应用潜力。

EFFECT OF ADDED DIETARY CALCIUM ON ESOPHAGEAL EPITHELIAL-CELL PROLIFERATION IN SUBJECTS AT HIGH RISK FOR ESOPHAGEAL CANCER: A DOUBLE-BLIND INTER-VENTION STUDY

A randomized double-blind intervention trial was carried determine whether oral calcium supplementation could lower the proliferation of epithelial cells of the esophagus. 41 subjects identified with precancerous lesions by histopathology were randomized to receive oral supplementation of their conventional diets with 0.6 g of calcium as calcium carbonate or placebo. Both at the entry to the study and at the end of the treatment, seven months later, the subjects were examined, with an emphasis on the frequency and distribution of proliferating epithelial cells of the esophagus. Patterns of cell proliferation was defined by dividing the esophageal epithelium into cell columns oriented perpendicularly to the basal cell layer and by comparing the numbers and fractions of tritiated thymidine-labeled epithelial cells in the various cell columns and cell compartments.Before dietary supplementation with calcium, the profile of proliferating epithelial cells in the esophageal compartments in calcium group is similar to that in the placebo group, which is comparable to that previously observed in subjects with high risk for esophageal cancer. Seven months after supplementation having been started, in calcium group, proliferation was significantly reduced and the profile of the esophageal columns approached to that previously observed in subjects at low risk for esophageal cancer, however, in the placebo group, the proliferation and profile maintain at the same level as that before supplementation. Our findings indicate that oral calcium supplementation induces a more quiescent equilibrium in epithelial-cell proliferation in the esophageal mucosa of the subjects at high-risk for esophageal cancer, similar to that observed in subjects at low risk.

从高钙富硼老卤中提硼研究

以青海某高钙富硼老卤为研究对象开展了提硼研究。结果表明,合适的萃取条件为:磺化煤油为稀释剂、异辛醇用量50%、萃取相比1.0、萃取混合时间15 min;合适的反萃条件为:反萃剂为pH=1的稀盐酸、反萃相比1.5、反萃混合时间15 min。以此条件在5级混合澄清槽中完成了连续逆流萃取—反萃运转试验,连续运转45 h,硼萃取率为95.49%,硼与钾、钠、钙、镁的分离效果较好;硼反萃率为99.59%,反萃液中硼含量达17.17 g/L。采用“溶剂萃取—反萃—高温蒸发—低温冷却结晶—重溶—冷却结晶—过滤洗涤—干燥”工艺高效分离提取硼,硼总回收率为92.33%,制备出的硼酸产品达国家标准(GB/T 538—2018)要求。

Relationship between coronary calcium score and high-risk plaque/significant stenosis

AIM To investigate the relationship between coronary calcium score(CCS) and vulnerable plaque/significant stenosis using coronary computed tomographic angiography(CCTA). METHODS CCTA was performed in 651 patients and these patients were divided into the four groups(CCS 0, 1-100, 101-400 and > 400). We studied the incidence of high-risk plaque, including positive remodeling, low attenuation plaque, spotty calcification, and napkin-ring sign, and significant stenosis in each group. RESULTS High-risk plaque was found in 1.3%, 10.1%, 13.3% and 13.4% of patients with CCS 0, 1-100, 101-400 and > 400, respectively(P < 0.001). The difference was only significant for patients with zero CCS. The incidence of significant stenosis was 0.6%, 7.6%, 13.3% and 26.9% for each patient group, respectively(P < 0.001), which represented a significant stepwise increase as CCS increased. The combined incidence of high-risk plaque and significant stenosis was 1.9%, 17.7%, 26.9% and 40.3% in each patient group, respectively(P < 0.001), again representing a significant stepwise increase with CCS. The rate of major coronary event was 0%, 4.0%, 7.9% and 17.2% in each patient group, respectively(P < 0.001), another significant stepwise increase as CCS increased. CONCLUSION Stepwise increased risk of coronary events associated with increasing CCS is caused by increasing incidence of significant stenosis, while that of high-risk plaque remains the same.

高通量血液透析联合血液透析滤过序贯治疗慢性肾衰竭的临床效果及对钙磷代谢、预后的影响

目的分析高通量血液透析(HFHD)联合血液透析滤过(HDF)序贯治疗慢性肾衰竭(CRF)的临床效果。方法选取2020年1月至12月我院接收的90例CRF患者为研究对象,随机将其分为常规组(45例,常规HFHD治疗)和联合组(45例,HFHD联合HDF序贯治疗)。比较两组的治疗效果。结果联合组的治疗总有效率高于常规组(P<0.05)。治疗后,联合组的血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)、甲状旁腺素(PTH)及β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)水平低于常规组,内生肌酐清除率(Ccr)显著高于常规组(P<0.05)。治疗后,联合组的钙(Ca)水平高于常规组,磷(P)、成纤维细胞生长因子-23(FGF-23)、镁(Mg)、降钙素(CT)及碱性磷酸酶(ALP)水平低于常规组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,联合组的肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、C反应蛋白(CRP)及白细胞介素-8(IL-8)水平低于常规组,白细胞介素-10(IL-10)水平高于常规组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联合组的不良反应总发生率低于常规组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论HFHD联合HDF序贯治疗CRF可取得理想的效果。

电石渣和煤矸石对型煤固硫性能的影响及作用机制研究

研制高效低成本的耐高温固硫剂和添加剂有助于解决型煤高温燃烧环境下钙基固硫产物的分解问题。电石渣和煤矸石属于典型的工业固体废弃物,利用固废作为添加剂制备固硫型煤有助于降低固硫型煤成本和挖掘固废资源价值,发挥这两种固废中矿物组分协同作用可改善高温条件下型煤固硫效果。开展了电石渣和煤矸石分别作为固硫剂和添加剂制备环保型煤的研究,考察了固硫剂种类(碳酸钙、氧化钙、氢氧化钙和电石渣)、钙硫物质的量比(1.5~4.0)、燃烧温度(900℃~1300℃)、煤矸石用量(2%~7%)对型煤固硫效果的影响。通过型煤燃烧评价实验发现,仅用电石渣作为固硫剂,在钙硫物质的量比为3.0时制得的型煤在燃烧温度低于1000℃时固硫率能达到80%以上,燃烧温度提高到1300℃时型煤固硫率下降40%,结合分析表征数据发现主要原因是固硫产物硫酸钙的高温分解。添加的煤矸石在高温条件下被电石渣组分活化后起到辅助固硫作用,当添加的煤矸石的质量分数达到5%时型煤的固硫率能维持在60%以上,在此基础上增加煤矸石用量并不能明显提升型煤固硫率。通过固硫产物热稳定性研究并结合分析表征数据发现,高铝煤矸石灰渣活性组分发生高温反应生成硫铝酸钙、钙黄长石、硅酸三钙等耐高温稳定物相,在一定程度上抑制了CaSO_(4)的分解,从而提高了型煤的高温固硫率。

喷吹神东高钙烟煤对高炉回旋区热状态的影响

高炉风口和回旋区的热状态对炉内煤气流的一次分布具有重要影响,进而影响高炉的经济技术指标。为探究喷吹神东高钙烟煤对高炉回旋区热状态的影响,本文通过收集某钢铁企业试烧期间高炉鼓风参数及其他各项操作参数,采用Fluent仿真模拟方法,建立风口回旋区的三维燃烧模型,系统分析不同喷吹条件下温度分布、气体分布、速度分布的变化规律,从而确定在风口复杂条件下喷吹神东高钙烟煤对高炉回旋区热状态的影响。模拟计算结果表明:神东高钙烟煤和ES无烟煤燃烧后产生的还原气体量最多,生产时有利于矿石的还原;向高炉喷吹神东高钙烟煤、HX烟煤、WN烟煤、SG烟煤与ES无烟煤混合煤粉时,燃尽率分别为72.25%、70.11%、68.87%、67.56%,神东高钙烟煤与ES无烟煤混合喷吹时煤粉的燃尽率最高,这是由于神东高钙烟煤和ES无烟煤的CaO质量分数较高,其在风口、回旋区内的燃烧特性最佳;混合喷吹神东高钙烟煤与ES无烟煤时,风口、回旋区内的煤气成分和煤粉燃尽率等方面要强于其他三种情况,适宜向高炉喷吹。

硫酸钙晶须/SBS复合改性沥青性能研究

为分析硫酸钙晶须(Calcium Sulfate Whisker,CSW)与苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(Styrene⁃buta⁃diene⁃styrene Block Copolymer,SBS)复合改性沥青的常规物理性能和高低温流变性,采用沥青三大指标、动态剪切流变(Dynamic Shear Rheology,DSR)和弯曲梁流变(Bending Beam Rheology,BBR)试验,研究了不同CSW掺量对复合改性沥青基本性能和高低温流变性能的影响,并设置CSW改性沥青为对照组。研究结果表明:随着CSW掺量增加,CSW改性沥青的温度敏感性和高温性能提高而低温性能下降;掺量10%CSW改性沥青的针入度指数PI为-0.83,车辙因子G^(*)/sinδ为27.70 kPa,蠕变劲度模量S为368 MPa,蠕变速率m为0.271;CSW/SBS复合改性沥青的温度敏感性和高低温流变性能较CSW改性沥青均明显提高,其中,PI、G^(*)/sinδ和m分别提升了147.0%、82.3%和7.4%,S降低了19.5%。同时,掺量8%CSW/SBS复合改性沥青的高温、低温PG等级分别为82℃和-18℃,比CSW改性沥青的高低温等级分别升了两级和一级。因此,CSW可明显改善沥青的高温性能和温度敏感性,但对沥青低温性能稍微不利,若将其与SBS进行复合改性,可保证沥青的低温性能。

高钙铁尾矿对多孔陶瓷烧结温度和性能的影响

为促进矿业固废铁尾矿的高值化利用,以高钙铁尾矿作为主要原料,高岭土为黏结剂,石英作为骨料,碳化硅为发泡剂,采用“注浆成型-直接发泡法”制备高孔隙率铁尾矿多孔陶瓷,并通过测试多孔陶瓷孔隙率、孔径分布、体积密度和抗压强度,研究铁尾矿用量对多孔陶瓷烧结温度及性能结构的影响。结果表明,高钙铁尾矿可作为助熔剂使用,在原料配比为40%铁尾矿,20%高岭土、40%石英,外加0.3%碳化硅,烧结温度在1160~1170℃的条件下所制备的多孔陶瓷各项性能最优,其体积密度密度为0.38~0.46 g/cm^(3),气孔率高达80.84%~83.5%,平均孔径为0.33~0.88 mm,抗压强度为1.95~3.28 MPa。微观分析表明,铁尾矿内的方解石高温下分解产生的CaO可以与原料中的SiO_(2)反应生成钙长石,并大幅度降低材料的烧结温度和液相黏度,同时铁尾矿中的方解石和Fe_(2)O_(3)可以促进气泡的增长,有利于进一步提高气孔率。

干湿循环条件下复合改良膨胀土的工程特性及微观机理研究

为研究粉煤灰(高钙)复合木质素纤维改良云南蒙自膨胀土的工程特性和微观机理,开展改良土的胀缩特性试验,并且在干湿循环条件下进行复合改良土的力学特性试验,结合改良前后微观结构和物相变化分析得出改良机理。试验表明:粉煤灰能降低膨胀土的膨胀率,单掺粉煤灰改良土胀缩率降低至无膨胀性水平,土体强度提升,黏聚力增幅显著,试样趋于脆性破坏,最佳掺量为20%。以最优粉煤灰掺量复合木质素纤维进行力学特性试验,复合改良土强度较单一改良土均有进一步提升,且强度随养护龄期延长而继续增加;土体内摩擦角随改良物掺入并无明显变化,基于素膨胀土上下微小波动,20%粉煤灰+1.0%木质素纤维为最佳复合改良配比。进行干湿循环试验后,试样无侧限抗压强度、抗剪强度和黏聚力均随干湿循环次数增加而减小,在前三次干湿循环中降幅较大,内摩擦角随干湿循环次数增加无明显规律变化。改良土强度在数次干湿循环过程中力学特性均优于膨胀土,其中复合改良抑制干湿循环破坏效果比单掺改良更好。结合微观试验结果可知,掺入粉煤灰后土体中生成了硅酸胶凝产物,该产物可填充土体中的孔隙,增加土体密实度,纤维掺入可抑制土体干湿循环过程裂隙发育。

高钙高锂型卤水制碳酸锂钙镁离子脱除工艺研究

对高钙、高锂、低镁锂比(Mg/Li=0.02)国外阿根廷某盐湖卤水进行钙、镁、锂深度分离的工艺研究。采用两步法去除溶液中的Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+):首先加入硫酸钠生成硫酸钙沉淀除去大量的Ca^(2+),后加入氢氧化钠形成氢氧化镁和氢氧化钙除去少量的Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+);分别考察了物料比、反应温度、加料时间、加料速率、pH值对卤水除杂效果的影响因素。结果表明:在反应温度60℃、硫酸钠用量为1.3、加料速率6 mL/min、反应时间70 min条件下,溶液中Ca^(2+)的脱除率为96.22%,Li+的损失率为1.44%;在pH值为14、10 mol/L NaOH、反应时间50 min、反应温度50℃、加料速率为8 mL/min条件下,最终溶液中Ca^(2+)脱除率为99.75%,Mg^(2+)去除率为100%,Li+的损失率为0.04%;实现了钙镁离子的深度去除,为后续工序制备碳酸锂创造了有利的条件。

CO_(2)矿化改性高钙粉煤灰对水泥砂浆力学性能和微结构的影响

为改善高钙粉煤灰在混凝土中的体积安定性和水化活性,本文对高钙粉煤灰进行了CO_(2)矿化改性,研究了不同CO_(2)矿化反应时长下高钙粉煤灰的固碳量和游离氧化钙含量,及CO_(2)矿化改性高钙粉煤灰对水泥砂浆水化热、力学性能和孔隙结构的影响。结果表明,经12 h CO_(2)矿化改性处理,高钙粉煤灰固碳量可超过10%(质量分数),高钙粉煤灰中的游离氧化钙含量明显降低。随着矿化反应时间的延长,掺高钙粉煤灰的水泥浆体水化诱导期缩短,早期水化放热量明显降低。CO_(2)矿化改性处理还能减轻高钙粉煤灰对水泥砂浆强度的负面影响,改善水泥砂浆孔隙结构,降低孔隙率和大孔含量,促进水泥的早期水化和水化硅酸钙的成核结晶。

Technology for Coking of Heavy Crude Oil with High Acid Number

Sudan Khartoum Refinery Co. has selected a unique route featuring delayed coking of crude in connection with the highly sour and high-calcium heavy crude extracted from Sudanese oil block No. 6.The crude oil after pretreatment for calcium removal is subjected to coking for removal of acids and metals with the coker products being further processed. The crude oil extracted from Sudanese oil block No. 6contains as high as 13 mg KOH/g of crude in addition to a calcium content of 1600 ppm. This article makes an analysis on problems related with the operation of commercial delayed coking unit for processing of highly sour crude and bring forth measures to solve these problems. The liquid yield resulted from coking of crude oil can reach 82m%, and the petroleum coke can meet the quality requirement for class 3B petroleum coke.

水泥基材料自修复颗粒的制备及修复效果事前快速评价方法

针对多数水泥基材料自修复技术在渗漏水条件下修复物质被冲走、裂缝自修复效果难以达到预期且可修复裂缝宽度较窄的问题,本工作结合物理膨胀修复和化学反应修复的优点,以螯合处理的高吸水性树脂(Chelation super absorbent polymer,C-SAP)为物理修复剂,以反应修复剂(Reactive healing agents,RHA)和高性能混凝土膨胀剂(High performance calcium sulpho aluminate,HCSA)为化学修复剂,设计并制备了一种能在渗漏水条件下快速、高效修复裂缝的自修复颗粒,并改进了自制裂缝水渗透实验装置,开展了自修复颗粒修复效果的事前快速评价,最后采用X射线衍射分析方法分析了修复产物的物相组成。结果表明:自制裂缝水渗透实验装置能在将自修复颗粒应用于水泥基材料前有效且快速地评价颗粒的自修复效果,从而实现自修复颗粒组成的快速优选。当自修复颗粒中m(C-SAP)∶m(RHA)∶m(HCSA)=7.5∶32.5∶60,颗粒掺量为20%和30%时,其能够在672 h时完全封堵0.5 mm的裂缝;颗粒中的m(C-SAP)∶m(RHA)∶m(HCSA)=10∶30∶60且颗粒掺量为30%时,其能够在1008 h时完全封堵0.6 mm的裂缝。在裂缝修复早期,C-SAP解螯合并吸水膨胀,快速封堵裂缝,降低水流量;随后,化学修复物质通过化学反应生成白云石、钙矾石和方解石等结晶产物,从而将裂缝修复。

超高压联合乳酸钙处理对牛肉嫩化的影响

为提高牛肉嫩度,该实验利用超高压联合乳酸钙处理对牛肉进行嫩化。在单因素基础上,采用Box-Behnken设计进行3因素3水平的试验,以剪切力为响应值,依据响应面分析确定最优的嫩化工艺条件,并对最优工艺处理后的牛肉进行嫩度和组织微观结构观察。结果表明,乳酸钙质量浓度0.05 g/mL(注射量占每块牛肉的5%)、超高压压强330 MPa、保压时间10 min是最佳嫩化条件。与对照组相比,联合处理后的牛肉的肌纤维断裂指数明显提高,相邻肌束膜排列疏松,间隙和空洞增多,肉质出现软化,牛肉的组织结构遭到破坏,剪切力降低49.91%,有助于宰后牛肉嫩化。研究结果为以超高压相关嫩化技术的应用提供了理论参考依据。