Recently use of herbal therapies and diet rich in flavonoids and vitamins has augmented significantly to manage minor to modest illnesses. Several anti-hyperlipidemic agents are currently available;however most of the...Recently use of herbal therapies and diet rich in flavonoids and vitamins has augmented significantly to manage minor to modest illnesses. Several anti-hyperlipidemic agents are currently available;however most of them have various unwanted effects. That’s why more people are switching towards safer alternatives, specially derived from plants with fewer side effects. Hence current study was focused to determine the anti-hyperlipidemic potential of Nelumbo nucifera fruit in rabbits fed with high cholesterol diet. This study would surely help in the exploration of a novel agent from the plant source and therefore may recommend the application of traditional medicines in humans. 28 white healthy rabbits of either sex weighing 1000 - 1500 gm were divided into four groups. Control group was given gum tragacanth and 3 groups served as test groups and were given N. nucifera fruit extract 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg for 45 days. Initially animals of all four groups received high cholesterol diet (HCD) 0.125 gm/kg cholesterol in 0.5% corn oil for 30 days. All drugs were given orally. Blood samples were taken thrice from the ear vein of animals, 1st after 24 hours of thirty days of HCD then again after 24 hours of thirty and forty five days dosing of N. nucifera fruit extract. The results showed remarkable cholesterol lowering effects of N. nucifera fruit extract at doses 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg but were particularly dominant at 200 mg/kg at which fruit extract highly significantly reduced TC, TG and LDL-C after 30 and 45 days and increased HDL-C significantly after 30 days and highly significantly after 45 days. Flavonoids, saponins, tannins and procyanidin are significant constituents of N. nucifera fruit which may have contributed in lipid lowering effects of N. nucifera fruit which can contribute in lowering the risk of CVDs and stroke but more preclinical and clinical studies are required to confirm these findings.展开更多
The present study investigated the effect of starvation-refeeding status on cholesterol metabolism in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet or a cholesterol-free diet. Twenty male and 20 female Donryu rats (age 5 weeks) we...The present study investigated the effect of starvation-refeeding status on cholesterol metabolism in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet or a cholesterol-free diet. Twenty male and 20 female Donryu rats (age 5 weeks) were fed a cho-lesterol-free diet for 14 days. Then the male and female rats were each divided into two groups: feeding and starva-tion-refeeding groups. The feeding groups were fed the experimental diet for 3 days, and the starvation-refeeding groups fasted for 2 days followed by 3 days of feeding. Half of each of groups was fed a cholesterol-free diet and the other half was fed a high-cholesterol diet. Starvation-refeeding significantly increased the plasma free cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentrations in both the high-cholesterol-diet-fed rats and the cholesterol-free-diet-fed rats. In the female rats, plasma total cholesterol and cholesteryl ester concentrations were significantly higher in the high-cholesterol groups than in the cholesterol-free groups, whereas TG concentration and total cholesterol/TG ratio were not significantly different among all of the groups. Liver total cholesterol and cholesteryl ester were significantly higher in the high-cholesterol groups than in the cholesterol-free groups in both male and female rats. These results suggest that starvation-refeeding affected cholesterol metabolism at least in part. The reactivity of the cholesterol me-tabolism may be different between male and female rats.展开更多
Summary： Abnormal cholesterol metabolism is associated with an elevated risk of developing athero- sclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes etc. Na＋/K＋-ATPase was found to regulate cholesterol synthesis, distribution ...Summary： Abnormal cholesterol metabolism is associated with an elevated risk of developing athero- sclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes etc. Na＋/K＋-ATPase was found to regulate cholesterol synthesis, distribution and trafficking. This study aimed to examine the effect of high-fat diet on cholesterol me- tabolism in rats and the role of Na＋/K＋-ATPase/Src/ERK signaling pathway in the process. Forty male SD rats were evenly divided into high-fat diet group and control group at random. Animals in the former group were fed on high-fat diet for 12 weeks, and those fed on basic diet served as control. Blood lipids, including total cholesterol （TC）, triglyceride （TG）, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol （HDL-C）, and low density lipoprotein-cholesteral （LDL-C） levels, were detected at 3, 6 and 12 weeks. The ratio of cholesterol content in cytoplasm to that in cell membrane was detected in liver tissues. RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to measure the expression of lipid metabolism-associated genes （HMG-CoA reductase and SREBP-2） after 12-week high-fat diet. Na＋/K＋-ATPase/Src/ERK signaling path- way-related components （Na＋/K＋-ATPase ctl, Src-PY418 and pERK1/2） were also measured by West- ern blotting. The results showed that the serum TC, TG, and LDL-C levels were significantly higher in high-fat diet group than those in control group, while the HDL-C level was significantly lower in high-fat diet group at 6 weeks （P〈0.01）. High-fat diet led to an increase in the cholesterol content in the cytoplasm and cell membrane. The ratio of cholesterol content in cytoplasm to that in cell membrane was elevated over time. The expression of HMG-CoA reductase and SREBP-2 was significantly sup- pressed at mRNA and protein levels after 12-week high-fat diet （P〈0.05）. Moreover, high-fat diet pro- moted the expression of Na＋/K＋-ATPase α1 but suppressed the phosphorylation of Src-PY418 and ERK1/2 at 12 weeks （P〈0.05）. It was concluded that high-fat diet regulates cholesterol metabolism, and Na＋/K＋-ATPase signaling pathway is involved in the process possibly by regulating the expression of lipid metabolism-associated proteins HMG-CoA reductase and SREBP-2.展开更多
Diet is an important health factor and it has been recently associated with neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive decline. Here it was investigated the effect of fatty acid or cholesterol rich diets with the possib...Diet is an important health factor and it has been recently associated with neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive decline. Here it was investigated the effect of fatty acid or cholesterol rich diets with the possible acceleration of the biological decline in adult hippocampal neurogenesis associated with aging in middle-age rats, and its impact on anxiety and memory function. It was found that a diet of 10 weeks with saturated fatty acids and cholesterol has a detrimental effect on memory function, exerts like-anxiety behavior and diminishes the presence of new generated neurons in the hippocampus in six months old rats.展开更多
Soluble fiber-rich fenugreek seeds(Trigonella foenum-graecum)and garlic(Allium sativum)are understood to exert cholesterol-lowering and antioxidant effects.The cardioprotective influence of a combination of fenugreek ...Soluble fiber-rich fenugreek seeds(Trigonella foenum-graecum)and garlic(Allium sativum)are understood to exert cholesterol-lowering and antioxidant effects.The cardioprotective influence of a combination of fenugreek seeds and garlic by their antioxidant influence was evaluated in hypercholesterolemic rats administered isoproterenol.Wistar rats were maintained on high-cholesterol diet for 8 weeks along with dietary interventions of fenugreek(10%),garlic(2%)and their combination.Myocardial infarction was induced with isoproterenol injection.Increased circulatory troponin,disturbed activities of cardiac ATPases,increased serum iron and decreased ceruloplasmin confirmed myocardial infarction.Elevated lipid peroxides accompanied with reduced antioxidant molecules caused by isoproterenol and altered activities of antioxidant enzymes in serum and heart in induced myocardial necrosis were countered by dietary fenugreek,garlic,and fenugreek+garlic.Dietary fenugreek seeds and garlic ameliorated isoproterenol-induced compromised antioxidant status,the cardioprotective effect being higher by the combination of fenugreek seeds and garlic.展开更多
Objective： To determine the changes of gastrointestinal migrating motor complex （MMC） during the early stage of cholesterol gallstone formation. Methods：Totally 45 healthy adult guinea pigs were randomly and equal...Objective： To determine the changes of gastrointestinal migrating motor complex （MMC） during the early stage of cholesterol gallstone formation. Methods：Totally 45 healthy adult guinea pigs were randomly and equally divided into 3 groups, that is, normal control, group B （1% cholesterol diet for 2 weeks） and group C （1% cholesterol diet for 4 weeks）. Three pairs of silver electrodes were inserted into the gastric antrum, duodenum and jejunum of every animal respectively. Record of gastrointestinal MMC of these guinea pigs were recorded and analyzed. Gallbladder bile was taken to detect the formation of cholesterol gallstone. Results： There were only 29 guinea pigs living. The MMC cycle time and the duration of phase Ⅱ were prolonged significantly and gradually compared with the control group （P〈0.01）, but the duration of phase Ⅲ became significantly and gradually shorter. Conclusion： During the early stage of cholesterol gallstone formation, the MMC cycle time and the duration of phase Ⅱ are prolonged and the duration of phase Ⅲ is shortened.展开更多
Background Animal models of hyperlipidemia were established by feeding rabbits with high-cholesterol diet, and the changes in structure and function of cell membrane in rabbits were also reduced by hyperlipidemia. Thu...Background Animal models of hyperlipidemia were established by feeding rabbits with high-cholesterol diet, and the changes in structure and function of cell membrane in rabbits were also reduced by hyperlipidemia. Thus, the alternations in erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation （EMLP） and fluidity in rabbits induced by high-cholesterol diet were researched by us. Methods Fourteen rabbits were subjected to high-cholesterol diet （cholesterol 2 g/d） and the other 14 rabbits to common diet everyday for consecutive two months, plasma total cholesterol （TC）, and blood lipids as well as EMLP and fluidity were measured before and after the feeding. Results Compared with the feeding before, levels of TC and low density lipoprotein- cholesterol （LDL-C） were significantly raised, those of erythrocyte membrane low density lipoprotein- cholesterol （MLDL-C）, membrane conjugated diene （MCD）, erythrocyte malonaldehyde （RMDA） were significantly increased, while those of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase （R-SOD）, membrane fluidity （M-Flu） and membrane high density lipoprotein-cholesterol （MHDL-C） were significantly decreased in experimental group, and there were no changes in control group. Conclusions High-cholesterol diet induces lipid peroxidation and lower fluidity of erythrocyte membrane.展开更多
目的：研究高脂高胆固醇饮食（Paigen饮食）是否可以导致C57BL/6J小鼠肺组织的脂质蓄积。方法：66只C57BL/6J雄性6~8周龄小鼠随机分为2组,分别喂饲普通饮食和Paigen饮食,于喂养12、16、20周3个时间点,取主动脉做冰冻切片,油红O染色观察...目的：研究高脂高胆固醇饮食（Paigen饮食）是否可以导致C57BL/6J小鼠肺组织的脂质蓄积。方法：66只C57BL/6J雄性6~8周龄小鼠随机分为2组,分别喂饲普通饮食和Paigen饮食,于喂养12、16、20周3个时间点,取主动脉做冰冻切片,油红O染色观察粥样硬化斑块形成情况;肺组织冰冻切片油红O染色,观察肺组织脂质蓄积情况;体外培养A549细胞观察用不同浓度低密度脂蛋白（Low density lipoprotein,LDL）处理后,A549细胞内脂质蓄积情况。结果：Paigen饮食可导致C57BL/6J小鼠主动脉粥样硬化;同时,不同时间点C57BL/6J小鼠肺组织油红O染色结果提示该饮食还可以导致C57BL/6J小鼠肺组织出现脂质蓄积,并随着时间延长而加剧;不同浓度LDL刺激A549细胞的油红O染色结果提示：A549细胞的脂质蓄积与LDL处理的浓度间存在剂量效应关系。结论：Paigen饮食可以导致C57BL/6J小鼠肺脏出现时间依赖性的脂质蓄积,其机制可能与肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞的脂质代谢异常有关。展开更多
文摘Recently use of herbal therapies and diet rich in flavonoids and vitamins has augmented significantly to manage minor to modest illnesses. Several anti-hyperlipidemic agents are currently available;however most of them have various unwanted effects. That’s why more people are switching towards safer alternatives, specially derived from plants with fewer side effects. Hence current study was focused to determine the anti-hyperlipidemic potential of Nelumbo nucifera fruit in rabbits fed with high cholesterol diet. This study would surely help in the exploration of a novel agent from the plant source and therefore may recommend the application of traditional medicines in humans. 28 white healthy rabbits of either sex weighing 1000 - 1500 gm were divided into four groups. Control group was given gum tragacanth and 3 groups served as test groups and were given N. nucifera fruit extract 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg for 45 days. Initially animals of all four groups received high cholesterol diet (HCD) 0.125 gm/kg cholesterol in 0.5% corn oil for 30 days. All drugs were given orally. Blood samples were taken thrice from the ear vein of animals, 1st after 24 hours of thirty days of HCD then again after 24 hours of thirty and forty five days dosing of N. nucifera fruit extract. The results showed remarkable cholesterol lowering effects of N. nucifera fruit extract at doses 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg but were particularly dominant at 200 mg/kg at which fruit extract highly significantly reduced TC, TG and LDL-C after 30 and 45 days and increased HDL-C significantly after 30 days and highly significantly after 45 days. Flavonoids, saponins, tannins and procyanidin are significant constituents of N. nucifera fruit which may have contributed in lipid lowering effects of N. nucifera fruit which can contribute in lowering the risk of CVDs and stroke but more preclinical and clinical studies are required to confirm these findings.
文摘The present study investigated the effect of starvation-refeeding status on cholesterol metabolism in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet or a cholesterol-free diet. Twenty male and 20 female Donryu rats (age 5 weeks) were fed a cho-lesterol-free diet for 14 days. Then the male and female rats were each divided into two groups: feeding and starva-tion-refeeding groups. The feeding groups were fed the experimental diet for 3 days, and the starvation-refeeding groups fasted for 2 days followed by 3 days of feeding. Half of each of groups was fed a cholesterol-free diet and the other half was fed a high-cholesterol diet. Starvation-refeeding significantly increased the plasma free cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentrations in both the high-cholesterol-diet-fed rats and the cholesterol-free-diet-fed rats. In the female rats, plasma total cholesterol and cholesteryl ester concentrations were significantly higher in the high-cholesterol groups than in the cholesterol-free groups, whereas TG concentration and total cholesterol/TG ratio were not significantly different among all of the groups. Liver total cholesterol and cholesteryl ester were significantly higher in the high-cholesterol groups than in the cholesterol-free groups in both male and female rats. These results suggest that starvation-refeeding affected cholesterol metabolism at least in part. The reactivity of the cholesterol me-tabolism may be different between male and female rats.
基金supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81200637)
文摘Summary： Abnormal cholesterol metabolism is associated with an elevated risk of developing athero- sclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes etc. Na＋/K＋-ATPase was found to regulate cholesterol synthesis, distribution and trafficking. This study aimed to examine the effect of high-fat diet on cholesterol me- tabolism in rats and the role of Na＋/K＋-ATPase/Src/ERK signaling pathway in the process. Forty male SD rats were evenly divided into high-fat diet group and control group at random. Animals in the former group were fed on high-fat diet for 12 weeks, and those fed on basic diet served as control. Blood lipids, including total cholesterol （TC）, triglyceride （TG）, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol （HDL-C）, and low density lipoprotein-cholesteral （LDL-C） levels, were detected at 3, 6 and 12 weeks. The ratio of cholesterol content in cytoplasm to that in cell membrane was detected in liver tissues. RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to measure the expression of lipid metabolism-associated genes （HMG-CoA reductase and SREBP-2） after 12-week high-fat diet. Na＋/K＋-ATPase/Src/ERK signaling path- way-related components （Na＋/K＋-ATPase ctl, Src-PY418 and pERK1/2） were also measured by West- ern blotting. The results showed that the serum TC, TG, and LDL-C levels were significantly higher in high-fat diet group than those in control group, while the HDL-C level was significantly lower in high-fat diet group at 6 weeks （P〈0.01）. High-fat diet led to an increase in the cholesterol content in the cytoplasm and cell membrane. The ratio of cholesterol content in cytoplasm to that in cell membrane was elevated over time. The expression of HMG-CoA reductase and SREBP-2 was significantly sup- pressed at mRNA and protein levels after 12-week high-fat diet （P〈0.05）. Moreover, high-fat diet pro- moted the expression of Na＋/K＋-ATPase α1 but suppressed the phosphorylation of Src-PY418 and ERK1/2 at 12 weeks （P〈0.05）. It was concluded that high-fat diet regulates cholesterol metabolism, and Na＋/K＋-ATPase signaling pathway is involved in the process possibly by regulating the expression of lipid metabolism-associated proteins HMG-CoA reductase and SREBP-2.
文摘Diet is an important health factor and it has been recently associated with neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive decline. Here it was investigated the effect of fatty acid or cholesterol rich diets with the possible acceleration of the biological decline in adult hippocampal neurogenesis associated with aging in middle-age rats, and its impact on anxiety and memory function. It was found that a diet of 10 weeks with saturated fatty acids and cholesterol has a detrimental effect on memory function, exerts like-anxiety behavior and diminishes the presence of new generated neurons in the hippocampus in six months old rats.
文摘Soluble fiber-rich fenugreek seeds(Trigonella foenum-graecum)and garlic(Allium sativum)are understood to exert cholesterol-lowering and antioxidant effects.The cardioprotective influence of a combination of fenugreek seeds and garlic by their antioxidant influence was evaluated in hypercholesterolemic rats administered isoproterenol.Wistar rats were maintained on high-cholesterol diet for 8 weeks along with dietary interventions of fenugreek(10%),garlic(2%)and their combination.Myocardial infarction was induced with isoproterenol injection.Increased circulatory troponin,disturbed activities of cardiac ATPases,increased serum iron and decreased ceruloplasmin confirmed myocardial infarction.Elevated lipid peroxides accompanied with reduced antioxidant molecules caused by isoproterenol and altered activities of antioxidant enzymes in serum and heart in induced myocardial necrosis were countered by dietary fenugreek,garlic,and fenugreek+garlic.Dietary fenugreek seeds and garlic ameliorated isoproterenol-induced compromised antioxidant status,the cardioprotective effect being higher by the combination of fenugreek seeds and garlic.
文摘Objective： To determine the changes of gastrointestinal migrating motor complex （MMC） during the early stage of cholesterol gallstone formation. Methods：Totally 45 healthy adult guinea pigs were randomly and equally divided into 3 groups, that is, normal control, group B （1% cholesterol diet for 2 weeks） and group C （1% cholesterol diet for 4 weeks）. Three pairs of silver electrodes were inserted into the gastric antrum, duodenum and jejunum of every animal respectively. Record of gastrointestinal MMC of these guinea pigs were recorded and analyzed. Gallbladder bile was taken to detect the formation of cholesterol gallstone. Results： There were only 29 guinea pigs living. The MMC cycle time and the duration of phase Ⅱ were prolonged significantly and gradually compared with the control group （P〈0.01）, but the duration of phase Ⅲ became significantly and gradually shorter. Conclusion： During the early stage of cholesterol gallstone formation, the MMC cycle time and the duration of phase Ⅱ are prolonged and the duration of phase Ⅲ is shortened.
基金supported by Science and Technology Planning Project of Hainan Province(No.806109)
文摘Background Animal models of hyperlipidemia were established by feeding rabbits with high-cholesterol diet, and the changes in structure and function of cell membrane in rabbits were also reduced by hyperlipidemia. Thus, the alternations in erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation （EMLP） and fluidity in rabbits induced by high-cholesterol diet were researched by us. Methods Fourteen rabbits were subjected to high-cholesterol diet （cholesterol 2 g/d） and the other 14 rabbits to common diet everyday for consecutive two months, plasma total cholesterol （TC）, and blood lipids as well as EMLP and fluidity were measured before and after the feeding. Results Compared with the feeding before, levels of TC and low density lipoprotein- cholesterol （LDL-C） were significantly raised, those of erythrocyte membrane low density lipoprotein- cholesterol （MLDL-C）, membrane conjugated diene （MCD）, erythrocyte malonaldehyde （RMDA） were significantly increased, while those of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase （R-SOD）, membrane fluidity （M-Flu） and membrane high density lipoprotein-cholesterol （MHDL-C） were significantly decreased in experimental group, and there were no changes in control group. Conclusions High-cholesterol diet induces lipid peroxidation and lower fluidity of erythrocyte membrane.
文摘目的：研究高脂高胆固醇饮食（Paigen饮食）是否可以导致C57BL/6J小鼠肺组织的脂质蓄积。方法：66只C57BL/6J雄性6~8周龄小鼠随机分为2组,分别喂饲普通饮食和Paigen饮食,于喂养12、16、20周3个时间点,取主动脉做冰冻切片,油红O染色观察粥样硬化斑块形成情况;肺组织冰冻切片油红O染色,观察肺组织脂质蓄积情况;体外培养A549细胞观察用不同浓度低密度脂蛋白（Low density lipoprotein,LDL）处理后,A549细胞内脂质蓄积情况。结果：Paigen饮食可导致C57BL/6J小鼠主动脉粥样硬化;同时,不同时间点C57BL/6J小鼠肺组织油红O染色结果提示该饮食还可以导致C57BL/6J小鼠肺组织出现脂质蓄积,并随着时间延长而加剧;不同浓度LDL刺激A549细胞的油红O染色结果提示：A549细胞的脂质蓄积与LDL处理的浓度间存在剂量效应关系。结论：Paigen饮食可以导致C57BL/6J小鼠肺脏出现时间依赖性的脂质蓄积,其机制可能与肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞的脂质代谢异常有关。
