Many researchers have explored the inclusion modification mechanism to improve non-metallic inclusion modifications in steelmaking. In this study, two types of industrial trials on inclusion modifications in liquid st...Many researchers have explored the inclusion modification mechanism to improve non-metallic inclusion modifications in steelmaking. In this study, two types of industrial trials on inclusion modifications in liquid steel were conducted using ultra-low-carbon Al-killed steel with different Mg and Ca contents to verify the effects of Ca and Mg contents on the modification mechanism of Al_2O_3-based inclusions during secondary refining. The results showed that Al_2O_3-based inclusions can be modified into liquid calcium aluminate or a multi-component inclusion with the addition of a suitable amount of Ca. In addition, [Mg] in liquid steel can further reduce CaO in liquid calcium aluminate to drive its evolution into CaO–MgO–Al_2O_3 multi-component inclusions. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed that the reaction between [Mg] and CaO in liquid calcium aluminate occurs when the MgO content of liquid calcium aluminate is less than 3 wt% and the temperature is higher than 1843 K.展开更多
Sudan Khartoum Refinery Co. has selected a unique route featuring delayed coking of crude in connection with the highly sour and high-calcium heavy crude extracted from Sudanese oil block No. 6.The crude oil after pre...Sudan Khartoum Refinery Co. has selected a unique route featuring delayed coking of crude in connection with the highly sour and high-calcium heavy crude extracted from Sudanese oil block No. 6.The crude oil after pretreatment for calcium removal is subjected to coking for removal of acids and metals with the coker products being further processed. The crude oil extracted from Sudanese oil block No. 6contains as high as 13 mg KOH/g of crude in addition to a calcium content of 1600 ppm. This article makes an analysis on problems related with the operation of commercial delayed coking unit for processing of highly sour crude and bring forth measures to solve these problems. The liquid yield resulted from coking of crude oil can reach 82m%, and the petroleum coke can meet the quality requirement for class 3B petroleum coke.展开更多
Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons may be divided into rapidly conducting type A and slowly conducting type C neurons in terms of electrophysiological studies. No report regarding type C neurons and their synaptic act...Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons may be divided into rapidly conducting type A and slowly conducting type C neurons in terms of electrophysiological studies. No report regarding type C neurons and their synaptic activity can be found till now because of difficulties in penetrating and recording type C neurons due to their small-sized cell body. What we and others have reported was mainly large-sized type A neurons and their activity. On the other hand, synaptic or junctional activities of peripheral and central neurons have been successfully studied by blocking action of high magnesium and low calcium perfusion on synaptic transmission and calcium channels. The present study, therefore, aims at finding and recording the type C neurons and their responses to展开更多
基金financially supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. FRF-TP-16-079A1)the National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China (No. 51704021)+1 种基金the Joint Funds of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U1560203)supported by Beijing Key Laboratory of Special Melting and Preparation of High-end Metal Materials
文摘Many researchers have explored the inclusion modification mechanism to improve non-metallic inclusion modifications in steelmaking. In this study, two types of industrial trials on inclusion modifications in liquid steel were conducted using ultra-low-carbon Al-killed steel with different Mg and Ca contents to verify the effects of Ca and Mg contents on the modification mechanism of Al_2O_3-based inclusions during secondary refining. The results showed that Al_2O_3-based inclusions can be modified into liquid calcium aluminate or a multi-component inclusion with the addition of a suitable amount of Ca. In addition, [Mg] in liquid steel can further reduce CaO in liquid calcium aluminate to drive its evolution into CaO–MgO–Al_2O_3 multi-component inclusions. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed that the reaction between [Mg] and CaO in liquid calcium aluminate occurs when the MgO content of liquid calcium aluminate is less than 3 wt% and the temperature is higher than 1843 K.
文摘Sudan Khartoum Refinery Co. has selected a unique route featuring delayed coking of crude in connection with the highly sour and high-calcium heavy crude extracted from Sudanese oil block No. 6.The crude oil after pretreatment for calcium removal is subjected to coking for removal of acids and metals with the coker products being further processed. The crude oil extracted from Sudanese oil block No. 6contains as high as 13 mg KOH/g of crude in addition to a calcium content of 1600 ppm. This article makes an analysis on problems related with the operation of commercial delayed coking unit for processing of highly sour crude and bring forth measures to solve these problems. The liquid yield resulted from coking of crude oil can reach 82m%, and the petroleum coke can meet the quality requirement for class 3B petroleum coke.
文摘Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons may be divided into rapidly conducting type A and slowly conducting type C neurons in terms of electrophysiological studies. No report regarding type C neurons and their synaptic activity can be found till now because of difficulties in penetrating and recording type C neurons due to their small-sized cell body. What we and others have reported was mainly large-sized type A neurons and their activity. On the other hand, synaptic or junctional activities of peripheral and central neurons have been successfully studied by blocking action of high magnesium and low calcium perfusion on synaptic transmission and calcium channels. The present study, therefore, aims at finding and recording the type C neurons and their responses to