Design and implementation of low-cost geomagnetic field monitoring equipment for high-density deployment

The observation of geomagnetic field variations is an important approach to studying earthquake precursors.Since 1987,the China Earthquake Administration has explored this seismomagnetic relationship.In particular,they studied local magnetic field anomalies over the Chinese mainland for earthquake prediction.Owing to the years of research on the seismomagnetic relationship,earthquake prediction experts have concluded that the compressive magnetic effect,tectonic magnetic effect,electric magnetic fluid effect,and other factors contribute to preearthquake magnetic anomalies.However,this involves a small magnitude of magnetic field changes.It is difficult to relate them to the abnormal changes of the extremely large magnetic field in regions with extreme earthquakes owing to the high cost of professional geomagnetic equipment,thereby limiting large-scale deployment.Moreover,it is difficult to obtain strong magnetic field changes before an earthquake.The Tianjin Earthquake Agency has developed low-cost geomagnetic field observation equipment through the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei geomagnetic equipment test project.The new system was used to test the availability of equipment and determine the findings based on big data..

False anomaly recognition with horizontal differential field lines method in high-density electrical technique and its application in Xinlei Quarry,Jiuquan

As an important geophysical tool,high density electrical technique infers the underground geological structures by processing and inverting the apparent resistivity data.Currently,the false anomalies have been frequently occurred in the graph of apparent resistivity pseudo-section or inverted geoelectrical section obtained from high-density electrical technique,and are difficult to remove.In this study,the authors explain the mechanism of the false anomalies and put forward the horizontal differential field method to identify the false anomalies.Based on the analysis of modeling results,this method is applied in the surveying data in Xinlei Quarry of Jiuquan,and the results confirm the effectiveness of the horizontal differential field method.

High Density Plasma Heating by EC-Waves Injected from the High-Field Side for Mode Conversion to Electron Bernstein Waves in LHD

To realize an excitation of electron Bernstein waves （EBW） via mode conversion from X-mode waves injected from the high magnetic field side （HFS）, new inner-vessel mirrors were installed close to a helicM coil in the large helicM device （LHD）. 77 GHz electron cyclotron （EC） wave beams injected from an existing EC-wave injection system toward the new mirror are reflected on the mirror so that the beams are injected to plasmas from HFS. Evident increases in the electron temperature at the plasma core region and the plasma stored energy were observed by the HFS beam injection to the plasmas with the line-average electron density of 7.5~ 1019 m-3, which is slightly higher than the plasma cut-off density of 77 GHz EC-waves, 7.35~ 1019 m-3. The heating efficiency evaluated from the changes in the time derivative of the plasma stored energy reached ,,~70%. Although so far it is not clear which is the main cause of the heating effect, the mode-converted EBW or the X-mode wave itself injected from the HFS, an effective heating of high-density plasma over the plasma cut-off of EC-wave was successfully demonstrated.

Characteristics analysis on high density spatial sampling seismic data

China＇s continental deposition basins are characterized by complex geological structures and various reservoir lithologies. Therefore, high precision exploration methods are needed. High density spatial sampling is a new technology to increase the accuracy of seismic exploration. We briefly discuss point source and receiver technology, analyze the high density spatial sampling in situ method, introduce the symmetric sampling principles presented by Gijs J. O. Vermeer, and discuss high density spatial sampling technology from the point of view of wave field continuity. We emphasize the analysis of the high density spatial sampling characteristics, including the high density first break advantages for investigation of near surface structure, improving static correction precision, the use of dense receiver spacing at short offsets to increase the effective coverage at shallow depth, and the accuracy of reflection imaging. Coherent noise is not aliased and the noise analysis precision and suppression increases as a result. High density spatial sampling enhances wave field continuity and the accuracy of various mathematical transforms, which benefits wave field separation. Finally, we point out that the difficult part of high density spatial sampling technology is the data processing. More research needs to be done on the methods of analyzing and processing huge amounts of seismic data.

Effect of High Electric Field on Lifetime Performance of Metalized Film Capacitor in Pulsed-power Applications

High energy density capacitor is a key device to power supply source for electromagnetic gun (EMG) system, and extending its lifetime is important for increasing the reliability of the power source. Working in high electric field could affect the capacitor lifetime, and this effect on metallized polypropylene film capacitors (MPPFCs) in pulsed-power applications is studied and presented. Experimental re- sults show that the lifetime of MPPFCs decreases with the increasing peak value of charged electric field, and this decrease could be described by function (L/L0) ∝ (E/E0)–m, where, m=7.32. The lifetime of MPPFCs also decreases with the increase of the reversal coeffi- cients in underdamped circuits, which could be described by (L/L0) ∝ (ln(1/K0)/(ln(1/K))–b, where, b=0.7. These results provide a basis for the lifetime prediction of MPPFCs in pulsed-power applications.

Design and analysis of a high loss density motor cooling system with water cold plates

Aiming at reducing the difficulty of cooling the interior of high-density motors,this study proposed the placement of a water cold plate cooling structure between the axial laminations of the motor stator.The effect of the cooling water flow,thickness of the plate,and motor loss density on the cooling effect of the water cold plate were studied.To compare the cooling performance of water cold plate and outer spiral water jacket cooling structures,a high-speed permanent magnet motor with a high loss density was used to establish two motor models with the two cooling structures.Consequently,the cooling effects of the two models were analyzed using the finite element method under the same loss density,coolant flow,and main dimensions.The results were as follows.(1)The maximum and average temperatures of the water cold plate structure were reduced by 25.5%and 30.5%,respectively,compared to that of the outer spiral water jacket motor;(2)Compared with the outer spiral water jacket structure,the water cold plate structure can reduce the overall mass and volume of the motor.Considering a 100 kW high-speed permanent magnet motor as an example,a water cold plate cooling system was designed,and the temperature distribution is analyzed,with the result indicating that the cooling structure satisfied the cooling requirements of the high loss density motor.

Simulation Monitoring for Rainfall Infiltration in Soil Based on High Density Electrical Method

Rainfall infiltration is a porous medium flow problem with variable saturation. Based on the theoretical analysis of the flow field, electrical conductivity of rocks, the electrical field, the paper simulates the coupling relationship between the water saturation in soil and the apparent resistivity distribution. It combines the Richards equation, the Archie formula and the Laplace equation. The experiment simulates the potential field data by the Wenner setting in electrical exploration on a two-layer geologic model with continuous rainfall during 5 days, which shows that the effective saturation in soil is increasing with the rainfall time, while the apparent resistivity is decreasing. This can provide a theoretical basis for the analyzing the rainfall infiltration and porosity of the soil by using high-density electrical method in the future.

High-Frequency Electric Field Induced Nonlinear Electron Transport in Chiral Carbon Nanotubes

We investigate theoretically the high frequency complex conductivity in carbon nanotubes that are stimulated axially by a strong inhomogeneous electric field of the form E(t)=E0+E1cos(ωt). Using the kinetic approach based on Boltzmann’s transport equation with constant relaxation time approximation and the energy spectrum of the electron in the tight-binding approximation, together with Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook collision integral, we predict high-frequency nonlinear effects along the axial and the circumferential directions of the carbon nanotubes that may be useful for the generation of high frequency radiation in the carbon nanotubes.

Impact of Ion Current on Total Electric Field Measurement Under HVDC Transmission Line

The total electric field(TEF) at ground level induced by high-voltage direct current(HVDC) overhead transmission lines is one of the important indexes for evaluating the lines' electromagnetic environment.Based on analyzing the existing TEF sensors and the measurement principle of ion-current density,the influence from ions on TEF measurements is quantitively studied.The results show that the ions generated by the corona from a HVDC transmission line in operation cause errors in the measurement of TEF.This error is determined through analyzing the component of total measuring current on the filed mill's sensing electrode: if no appropriate approach taken,the maximum measurement error reaches up to 4.3%.Furthermore,a method that can eliminate such error,and hence improve the accuracy of TEF sensors is designed.

流-热-力耦合的高性能结构拓扑优化设计方法

拓扑优化和增材制造技术的快速发展为高性能复杂装备提供了高效的产品设计和制造方法。目前高性能结构拓扑优化只考虑热-力耦合或者流-热耦合的设计,且大多局限于简单结构,未考虑流-热-力三场共同作用下的设计,限制了结构性能的提升。针对流-热-力多物理场工况下的高性能复杂结构设计这一挑战,提出了一种流-热-力耦合拓扑优化方法,以提高复杂结构的承温能力。首先引入流场、温度场和结构位移场的控制方程,对计算域的流固材料进行统一表征;然后以最小化平均温度为目标,以流动能量耗散和结构柔度为约束,建立了流-热-力耦合的拓扑优化模型,并结合变分法和拉格朗日函数开展了设计变量的灵敏度分析;最后将所建立的拓扑优化模型应用于涡轮的结构设计,得到了散热性能良好、流道分布合理的可增材制造结构。

低成本地磁场监测设备的设计与实现

为能够在短时间内建成区域高密度地磁场观测台网,实现地磁场数据成网、成片观测,需要解决精准捕捉极震区特大震前磁场异常现象的问题。项目组利用物联网通信技术,基于RM3100三轴磁传感器,开发低成本地磁场监测设备,并部署在天津市宝坻区、武清区,同时利用人工智能数据分析技术和时序数据存储技术,开展地震前兆异常自动判定和可视化预报技术研究。该成果在2022年6月23日天津宝坻M 2.0地震中得到了验证,说明低成本地磁场观测系统不仅对大震有察觉,对于近距离的中小地震同样敏感。

一种新型空心圆柱型取能磁芯设计

针对现有非侵入式磁芯功率密度低、质量大、结构复杂的特点,设计了一种结构简单、可一体化制作的新型空心圆柱型磁芯,经仿真验证,其功率密度与壳层厚度成类反比例关系。此外,建立了空心圆柱型磁芯的准确功率模型,使磁芯设计不再受限于有限元仿真软件,简化了磁芯的优化难度。进而试验验证表明,在相同条件下,相较传统圆柱型磁芯,空心圆柱型磁芯的质量减小了49%,功率密度提高了82%,具有良好的工程实用价值和应用前景。

高速高功率密度无轴承永磁薄片电机设计与优化

传统无轴承电机在高速和高功率密度之间难以取得平衡,为此围绕高速高功率密度无轴承永磁薄片电机,对其拓扑结构、绕组形式、主要尺寸等方面进行优化设计,在保证转速和功率密度的基础上有效地提升悬浮性能。通过对运行工况的分析,得出电机拓扑结构需具备的基本特点,提出一种采用环形集成绕组的表贴式无轴承永磁薄片电机。在兼顾转矩和悬浮力输出性能、机械防护可靠性的基础上,对电机的电磁气隙长度和永磁体参数等主要尺寸进行优化设计。针对电机饱和、绕组端部伸出等不利因素,分别采取了超前角弱磁、定子略长的性能提升策略,有效地避免了悬浮力的大幅度跌落。搭建20 000 r/min的无轴承永磁薄片电机有限元仿真模型并制造实物样机。通过对电磁转矩和主、被动悬浮力的分析,证明了本文设计的无轴承永磁薄片电机兼具良好的转矩与悬浮力输出性能,单位幅值电流产生的电磁转矩、主动悬浮力分别为0.166 N·m、4.4 N,电机输出功率10 kW、功率密度5.2 kW/kg。

高密度颗粒流化行为测量的磁性颗粒示踪方法

提出采用磁性示踪颗粒和磁阻传感器构建颗粒示踪测量系统,系统研究了磁性颗粒示踪实验系统的组成、测量原理、误差分析及影响因素,并指出其优缺点和适用范围。研究发现在地球磁场和颗粒磁场耦合环境下,磁性颗粒和传感器系统依然具有较好的示踪效果。基于磁场感应定律建立颗粒空间位置搜索算法,可以获得颗粒运动轨迹,并获取单颗粒运行方向、运动速率、循环频率等流化参数。磁场测量受影响因素较多,未来还需要高磁性材料的研发以及测量器件敏感度的提高。通过对喷动流化床内环隙区高密度示踪颗粒运动循环时间的测量和分析,证明了测量方法的可靠性。该研究有助于后续包覆过程放大中流化床反应器的设计及优化,是高密度颗粒流化床包覆技术值得进行的研究方向。

高密度立交出入口车辆纵向运行特性

为明确车辆在高密度互通立交主线入口、出口以及连接段的纵向运行速度特征,在重庆市选取了5座立交为研究对象,开展了47名驾驶员的小客车实车驾驶试验。通过speedbox和mobileye等实验仪器采集的数据,包括车辆运行速度、纵向加速度等,对数据进行处理并按入口、出口及连接段分类提取数据,绘制出对应的速度曲线图,以明确车辆在高密度互通立交出入口以及连接段的纵向运行特性。分析结果表明:入口处速度趋势有两类,平行式入口是上升-平稳,直接式入口是持续上升,平行式入口速度均值高于直接式,平行式入口速度标准差小于直接式;不同类型入口对驾驶人的加速操作选择具有一定影响;平行式入口在纵向加速度均值上较直接式入口低;出口处速度分布整体呈平稳下降趋势,平行式的运行速度均值低于直接式,但速度标准差却更高;出口速度变化特征点受驾驶人在主线出口减速偏好性影响;平行式出口减速度最大值与均值均大于直接式;相邻立交净距较短时,连接段的速度变化较为平缓,并且不同驾驶人的速度幅值比较接近;而常规净距的相邻立交,连接段的速度波动性大且离散。研究成果为高密度互通立交出入口及连接段的安全性评价以及安全改善提供了理论支撑以及基础数据支撑。

Cooling and Optimization in the Groove of the Outer Rotor HubMotor

The external rotor hub motor adopts direct drive mode,no deceleration drive device,and has a compact structure.Its axial size is smaller than that of a deceleration-driven hub motor,which greatly reduces the weight of the vehicle and increases the cruising range of the vehicle.Because of the limited special working environment and performance requirements,the hub motor has a small internal space and a large heat generation,so it puts forward higher requirements for heat dissipation capacity.For the external rotor hub motor,a new type of in-tank watercooled structure of hub motor was proposed to improve its cooling effect and performance.Firstly,the threedimensional finite element model of the motor is established to analyze the characteristics of motor loss and temperature field distribution.Secondly,the cooling performance of different cooling structures in the tank was studied.Finally,the thermal network model and three-dimensional finite element analysis were used to optimize the water-cooled structure in the tank,and the power density of themotor was improved by improving the cooling performance under the condition of volume limitation of the hub motor.The results show that the cooling effect of the proposed water-cooled structure in the tank is significant under the condition of constant power density.Compared to natural ventilation,the maximum temperature was reduced by 33.13°C and the cooling effect was increased by about 27.7%.

堤坝渗漏快速探测技术研讨

地球物理探测方法广泛应用于堤坝渗漏探测,各种物探方法均具有局限性,需采用多种方法相互验证。根据堤坝渗漏快速探测需要,采用以流场法探测为主、高密度电法探测为辅的物探方法,对堤坝渗漏进行探测。结果表明,流场法能快速确定大坝渗漏入口区域,大坝存在两处渗漏位置,一处为管涌形式渗漏,另一处为裂缝或软弱夹层;高密度电法测试结果揭示坝体内部含水量高的区域,进一步证实两处渗漏为独立分开,渗漏通道未斜穿坝体。

体积脉动注塑rPE-HD/rPET混杂体系结构性能演变

以常见的废弃塑料制品组分高密度聚乙烯(PE-HD)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)为实验材料,设置两者的混杂比例为9/1、8/2和7/3,利用螺杆挤出机多次重复熔融再生,并利用体积脉动注塑成型工艺制备增强增韧的混杂塑料回收制品,实现多次回收制品力学性能的显著提高。分析了不同注塑工艺对样品微观结构的影响机理,证明了体积脉动注塑成型引入的脉动应力场能有效提高不相容组分间的相容性,诱导掺杂相原位成纤和材料结晶形态的改变,构建互联杂化串晶结构。力学测试结果表明,在PE-HD和PET的混杂比例为9/1时,体积脉动注射成型制备的混杂回收材料屈服强度和冲击韧性达38.7 MPa和165 k J/m^(2),与稳态注射相比有54.8%和3675.7%的提升。混杂比例为7/3时,样品的屈服强度和冲击韧性为31.0 MPa和11.6 k J/m^(2),与稳态注射相比仍有14.8%和216.1%的提升。

凤亭河水库坝体渗漏检测

根据凤亭河水库大坝渗漏情况,引入物探手段查明漏水点与库水位的关系。综合高密度电法、瞬变电磁法、自然电场法、探地雷达法等现场检测渗漏情况,揭示大坝现状质量情况,初步确定渗漏范围并提出处理意见及建议,并为大坝验收工作提供技术支持。

多领域协同仿真的高密度永磁电机温升计算

为了有效解决电机温升不易准确计算的难题,该文首先提出基于多领域协同仿真的高密度永磁电机温升计算理念,详细论述温升计算的流程。基于热传导理论,论文导出槽内绕组等效导热系数的计算方法,有效地考虑了漆包线绝缘层、浸渍漆和微孔对电机温升的影响。以一台48槽/8极高密度永磁电机样机为例,基于多领域协同仿真的计算方法,精确计算样机的铁耗、计及集肤效应的交流绕组铜耗,以及永磁体的涡流损耗和电机内的温度场。最后,进行样机的温升试验,温度场计算值与试验结果基本吻合,验证了基于多领域协同仿真的高密度永磁电机温升计算方法的准确性和有效性。