Height prediction of water flowing fractured zones based on BP artificial neural network

Factures caused by deformation and destruction of bedrocks over coal seams can easily lead to water flooding(inrush)in mines,a threat to safety production.Fractures with high hydraulic conductivity are good watercourses as well as passages for inrush in mines and tunnels.An accurate height prediction of water flowing fractured zones is a key issue in today's mine water prevention and control.The theory of leveraging BP artificial neural network in height prediction of water flowing fractured zones is analysed and applied in Qianjiaying Mine as an example in this paper.Per the comparison with traditional calculation results,the BP artificial neural network better reflects the geological conditions of the research mine areas and produces more objective,accurate and reasonable results,which can be applied to predict the height of water flowing fractured zones.

Height Detection and Analysis of Water Flowing Fractured Zone of Coal Face

Taking 91105 working face as the research object, the observation method of water flowing fractured zone and the layout of mining holes were determined by analyzing the field geological structure. It was shown that the fractured zone height and the ratio given by the measured method were 52.33 and 12.46, respectively. By the numerical simulation method with the software of UDEC, the fractured zone height and the ratio were 42.5 and 10.12. By comparison of measured height data and UDEC numerical simulation, there were some differences between the measured height and the calculated results of UDEC numerical simulation method. The method of simulation can be used as the technical basis for the design of waterproof coal pillar in the future.

Predicting the height of water-flow fractured zone during coal mining under the Xiaolangdi Reservoir

It is very important to determine the extent of the fractured zone through which water can flow before coal mining under the water bodies.This paper deals with methods to obtain information about overburden rock failure and the development of the fractured zone while coal mining in Xin'an Coal Mine.The risk of water inrush in this mine is great because 40%of the mining area is under the Xiaolangdi reservoir.Numerical simulations combined with geophysical methods were used in this paper to obtain the development law of the fractured zone under different mining conditions.The comprehensive geophysical method described in this paper has been demonstrated to accurately predict the height of the water-flow fractured zone.Results from the new model, which created from the results of numerical simulations and field measurements,were successfully used for making decisions in the Xin'an Coal Mine when mining under the Xiaolangdi Reservoir.Industrial scale experiments at the number 11201,14141 and 14191 working faces were safely carried out.These achievements provide a successful background for the evaluation and application of coal mining under large reservoirs.

Optimum Calculation of Coal Pillars in Inclined Weathered Oxidation Zone

In the mining process of coal mine,waterproof coal pillars should be set between the weathered oxidation zone and the first mining face.In order to determine the reasonable upper limit of the first mining face of Hongyi Coal Mine,the waterproof coal pillar needs to be wide enough to resist the lateral hydrostatic pressure of the oxidation zone,and to ensure that the top plate aquifer does not run through the water guide crack zone,while also liberating as much stagnant coal as possible.In this paper,the first coal mine face’s waterproof coal pillar was calculated using conventional and optimized calculation methods,taking into account the dip angle of the coal seam,the height of the water-guide crack zone,and the rock shift influence zone,and finally the upper limit of the first face of Hongyi Coal Mine was determined.

Shale oil development techniques and application based on ternary-element storage and flow concept in Jiyang Depression,Bohai Bay Basin,East China

The ternary-element storage and flow concept for shale oil reservoirs in Jiyang Depression of Bohai Bay Basin,East China,was proposed based on the data of more than 10000 m cores and the production of more than 60 horizontal wells.The synergy of three elements(storage,fracture and pressure)contributes to the enrichment and high production of shale oil in Jiyang Depression.The storage element controls the enrichment of shale oil;specifically,the presence of inorganic pores and fractures,as well as laminae of lime-mud rocks,in the saline lake basin,is conducive to the storage of shale oil,and the high hydrocarbon generating capacity and free hydrocarbon content are the material basis for high production.The fracture element controls the shale oil flow;specifically,natural fractures act as flow channels for shale oil to migrate and accumulate,and induced fractures communicate natural fractures to form complex fracture network,which is fundamental to high production.The pressure element controls the high and stable production of shale oil;specifically,the high formation pressure provides the drive force for the migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons,and fracturing stimulation significantly increases the elastic energy of rock and fluid,improves the imbibition replacement of oil in the pores/fractures,and reduces the stress sensitivity,guaranteeing the stable production of shale oil for a long time.Based on the ternary-element storage and flow concept,a 3D development technology was formed,with the core techniques of 3D well pattern optimization,3D balanced fracturing,and full-cycle optimization of adjustment and control.This technology effectively guides the production and provides a support to the large-scale beneficial development of shale oil in Jiyang Depression.

Forecasting water disaster for a coal mine under the Xiaolangdi reservoir

Xin’an coal mine, Henan Province, faces the risk of water inrush because 40% of the area of the coal mine is under the surface water of the Xiaolangdi reservoir. To forecast water disaster, an effective aquifuge and a limit of water infiltration were determined by rock-phase analysis and long term observations of surface water and groundwater. By field monitoring, as well as physical and numerical simulation experiments, we obtained data reflecting different heights of a water flow fractured zone (WFFZ) under different mining conditions, derived a formula to calculate this height and built a forecasting model with the aid of GIS. On the basis of these activities, the coal mine area was classified into three sub-areas with different potential of water inrush. In the end, our research results have been applied in and verified by industrial mining experiments at three working faces and we were able to present a successful example of coal mining under a large reservoir.

Forecasting of destroyed height of overlying rock with the top coal caving based on ANN

Analyzed the rule of the Water Flowing Fractured (WFF) zone's development during the fully mechanized top coal caving.Six influence factors of WFF's height were selected,viz.mining thickness,base rock thickness,dip angle,uniaxial compressing strength of roof,mudstone proportion in overlying rock,and structure of overlying rock. The height-forecasting model of WFF was established based on the Artificial Neural Net-work techniques,and was applied in the first fully mechanized top coal caving face under sea in China.

济阳页岩油开发“三元”储渗理论技术与实践

基于济阳坳陷页岩油储层上万米岩心资料与60余口水平井的开发实践,提出济阳页岩油“储元”、“缝元”、“压元”的“三元”储渗理论。“三元”协同支撑济阳页岩油的富集高产:“储元”控制页岩油的富集,咸化湖盆无机孔-缝及灰-泥优质纹层组构发育利于页岩油储集,高生烃能力、高游离烃含量为高产提供物质基础;“缝元”控制页岩油的渗流,天然裂缝为页岩油的运移和聚集提供渗流通道,压裂改造缝沟通天然裂缝形成复杂缝网,为高产提供渗流基础;“压元”控制页岩油的高产稳产,高地层压力为油气运聚提供原始动力,压裂增能可进一步提高岩石及流体弹性能,强化孔缝原油渗吸置换,减缓应力敏感性,为长期稳产提供能量基础。基于“三元”储渗理论,形成了以立体井网优化、立体均衡压裂、全周期优化调控为核心的立体开发技术,有效指导了现场生产实施,为济阳页岩油规模化效益开发提供技术支撑。

王洼煤矿水库坝体下工作面安全开采高度研究

为解决水库坝体下开采安全性,提高煤炭资源回收率,以王洼煤矿水库坝体下110505工作面为研究背景,通过物理仿真模拟、数值模拟及理论分析等方法对覆岩裂隙发育规律及导水裂隙带高度展开研究。为避免矿井开采对地表水坝与水体破坏,针对导水裂隙带高度分析结果,提出了110505工作面限高开采方案。结果表明:工作面开采后地表形成“凹”型盆地,并产生拉伸裂隙,致使地表水位下降78%;现场实测导水裂隙高度为170.76 m,物理仿真模拟试验、数值计算、传统经验公式得出三者的导水裂隙带高度分别为162,164 m和120.57 m;方差修正系数对经验公式做出修正后,反推出限高开采的安全开采高度为2.6 m。研究揭示了工作面覆岩导水裂隙带高度发育规律及水库水体受采动影响的规律,为王洼煤矿后续此类条件下安全措施的制定提供了依据。

鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘断缝体油藏开发特征与潜力

鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘广泛发育不同规模断层和裂缝,极大地改善了致密储层渗流能力,形成了基质储层低渗透背景下的优质油藏类型——断缝体油藏,同时也加剧了油藏的非均质性和产能的差异性,给油藏内幕结构精细刻画和产能控制因素研究带来挑战。充分运用断裂体系空间刻画、断裂分类分级和产能对比分析等方法,基于井-震-藏联合攻关进一步明确了断缝体油藏开发特征。建立了断缝体油藏“二元四区”模型,划分出断核破碎带、诱导裂缝带、微裂缝改造带、基质孔隙带等4个区带,其中断核破碎带是主要产量贡献单元。断层延伸长度越长、实钻构造位置越高,断核破碎带单井产能越高。诱导裂缝带距离断层越近,产能也越高。断缝体油井生产特征主要分为3个阶段:①断裂系统作为储集体的高产阶段;②断裂系统既作为储集体又同时发挥导流作用的储-导转化阶段;③裂缝主要发挥导流作用阶段。通过研究大幅提升了断缝体油藏高产井占比,同时对盆地西南缘中生界油藏高效滚动勘探开发部署具有重要的指导作用。

极端耗水层带形成机制及流场调控增效模式——以陆相砂岩特高含水后期整装油田为例

以胜利油区陆相砂岩油藏整装油田为代表,主力单元进入特高含水后期(含水率大于95%),局部区域出现极端耗水现象,水油比急剧上升,注入水利用率大幅下降,吨油操作成本成倍增加,经济效益变差,但油藏中还有60%左右剩余地质储量。注入水沿着极端耗水层带窜流是制约陆相砂岩整装油田特高含水后期效益开发的关键问题。以提高特高含水老油田开发效益为目标,明晰了极端耗水层带形成机制及调控机理,建立了基于老井的变流线调控极端耗水层带扩波及方法,形成特高含水后期油藏精准描述及调控极端耗水层带扩波及的效益开发技术体系。通过应用流场调控技术,使传统认为含水率98%近废弃油藏开展示范应用,基于极端耗水层带流场调控经济寿命期延长10a以上,产油量大幅增加,含水率下降,吨油操作成本下降,实现了特高含水后期老油田低成本开发。

高含水油田剩余油研究方法、分布特征与发展趋势

为了提高高含水油田剩余油研究与评价效果,基于大量文献调研,梳理了剩余油的概念、影响因素,从剩余油微观分布、宏观分布和饱和度定量分析3个方面总结了剩余油研究方法及其适用条件,概括了水驱油藏、稠油油藏和化学驱油藏的剩余油分布特征,进一步提出了目前剩余油研究的难点和发展趋势。结果表明:剩余油的影响因素主要包括地质构造、沉积微相、储层非均质性和井网密度、井网模式、注采系统的完善程度、生产动态等;剩余油研究方法包括实验分析方法、数值模拟方法和矿场测试方法等,各种方法的研究目的和适用条件不同,测试结果反映不同位置、不同尺度下的剩余油饱和度分布;高含水油田剩余油分布总体呈现高度分散和相对富集的特征,剩余油微观分布呈现连续相和非连续相多种形式;剩余油研究发展趋势包括但不限于以下5方面:超大物理模型的构建、多尺度高分辨率成像系统集成、考虑不同驱替介质及物性时变与非连续相非线性渗流的数值模拟改进方法、多学科多方法矿场测试的综合应用及大数据人工智能的广泛应用。

高家堡井田二盘区导水裂隙带高度实测研究

为了查明煤层顶板导水裂隙发育规律,采用地面钻孔分段注水测试和钻孔窥视方法实测了高家堡井田204工作面和205工作面煤层顶板导水裂隙带发育高度。研究结果表明:(1)205工作面DT1钻孔位置煤层顶板导水裂隙带发育高度为327.75 m,裂采比25.81。(2)204工作面DT2钻孔位置煤层顶板导水裂隙带发育高度为197.85 m,裂采比35.33。(3)高家堡井田二盘区导水裂隙带实测结果丰富了黄陇煤田综放采煤覆岩破坏规律。

缓倾斜煤层综采工作面覆岩“两带”高度研究

随着矿井开采向深部发展,矿井水害风险逐渐增加,准确掌握工作面采空区覆岩“两带”即垮落带、导水裂隙带发育高度,对矿井顶板水害防治、合理留设防隔水煤(岩)柱意义较大。本文采用理论计算、UDEC数值模拟、压水测试3种方法,对青云煤矿020202综采工作面覆岩“两带”发育高度进行了研究,3种方法相互验证,最终得出该工作面垮落带最大高度为10.3 m,冒采比为4.12;导水裂隙带最大高度为41.6 m,裂采比为16.64,该结果可以为矿井的安全生产提供科学指导。

地质构造带大巷顶板淋水注浆封堵技术

以中六运输大巷断层影响范围内顶板淋水防治为工程背景,提出采用RSS化学浆液对顶板淋水区进行快速封堵,同时采用U型钢架棚+聚氨酯浆液强化围岩支护强度,避免围岩变形产生新的导水裂隙。结合现场条件,对具体采用的顶板淋水注浆封堵技术方案进行设计,并进行工程应用。现场应用后,中六运输大巷顶板淋水问题得到较好解决,巷道围岩变形控制在安全范围内,采用的技术方案可满足中六运输大巷后续安全使用需要。

龙泉煤矿4301工作面导水裂隙带动态发育高度研究

针对龙泉煤矿4301大采高综放工作面顶板砂岩裂隙水易突水涌入工作面的开采难题,采用理论分析和数值模拟两种研究方法,探究了4301工作面开采过程中导水裂隙带发育高度的动态演化规律。数值模拟研究表明,4301工作面推进距离小于96 m时,导水裂隙带的发育高度随工作面推进而不断增加,发育最大高度约为75 m;工作面推进距离大于96 m后,导水裂隙带发育高度变化较小,基本稳定于75 m。该研究结果与理论分析所得导水裂隙带发育范围在57~75 m基本吻合,表明数值模拟结果具有一定合理性;工作面覆岩上方K4、K5含水砂岩层处于导水裂隙带发育范围内,保水开采中应重点考虑K4、K5含水砂岩层不被破坏。研究成果揭示了龙泉煤矿4#煤层开采导水裂隙带动态发育特征及其终态发育高度,对于4#煤层开采中覆岩含水层受扰动范围的确定具有重要意义。该研究成果可为类似条件下煤炭资源的安全与绿色开采提供一定参考。

高瓦斯松软厚煤层大采高综采面裂隙带瓦斯钻孔抽采参数优化研究

为解决高瓦斯松散厚煤层大采高工作面开采过程中瓦斯问题,采用裂隙带瓦斯抽采技术。以李村煤矿1303工作面为研究背景,通过理论分析、数值模拟确定大采高工作面顶板裂隙带分布特征,确定裂隙带抽采钻孔合理高度为40.5 m。分析工作面裂隙带钻孔抽采时瓦斯流场分布特征,确定了合理钻孔参数为钻孔倾角23°、钻孔间距3 m。现场实践确定,采用裂隙带瓦斯抽采技术工作面,上隅角最大瓦斯浓度0.45%,浓度集中在0.35%,高浓度区间占比较少,满足工作面正常开采需求。

采动应力影响下覆岩导水裂隙带发育规律研究

为进一步了解山西A矿15105工作面覆岩导水裂隙带发育规律,基于该工作面工程地质概况,进行相似模拟试验分析,结合声发射技术与钻孔窥视技术进行研究。研究发现:该工作面覆岩破断具有较显著的非对称性,且裂隙带的主要分布方式为“梯形”+“倒V形”;工作面上方岩层500 mm范围内易发生声发射事件;导水裂隙带随“梯形”上顶边及右腰线的延升呈现扩展状态;钻孔窥视发现,裂隙带发育高度约为41.72 cm,所对应的实际高度约为83.44 m。

高庄煤业隐蔽致灾地质因素分析及防治措施

煤矿隐蔽致灾地质因素具有隐蔽性、时变性、突发性等,探测和预防难度大。煤矿开采过程中的几大灾害事故,多数与隐蔽致灾地质因素紧密相关。通过开展煤矿隐蔽致灾地质因素普查,推动煤矿企业强化安全基础工作,提升安全保障能力,进一步减少事故总量,有效防范和遏制煤矿重特大灾害事故,为煤矿制定防灾措施和安全生产奠定基础。

综采一次采全高工作面导水裂隙带发育高度研究

本文以东坡矿东部区为工程背景,对工作面导水裂隙带发育高度进行研究分析。优化经验公式参数,建立导水裂缝带高度预测模型,通过搜集多个矿井数据,对工作面导水裂隙带影响因素进行PAST软件相关性统计分析,确定影响因素及其比值由重到轻分别为:采深(0.93)、关键层间距(0.82)、工作面斜长(0.68)和采高(0.35),并建立导水裂隙带解析式。通过与实测数据对比,确定预测模型绝对误差保持在4.40%以内,符合误差要求。