Multiple sclerosis（MS）is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system（CNS）characterized by coexisting processes of inflammation,demyelination,axonal neurodegeneration,and gliosis.It is the most commo...Multiple sclerosis（MS）is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system（CNS）characterized by coexisting processes of inflammation,demyelination,axonal neurodegeneration,and gliosis.It is the most common disabling neurological disease in young adulthood.展开更多
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors can occur in any part of the gastrointestinal tract,but gastric stromal tumors(GSTs)are the most common.All GSTs have the potential to become malignant,and these can be divided into fou...Gastrointestinal stromal tumors can occur in any part of the gastrointestinal tract,but gastric stromal tumors(GSTs)are the most common.All GSTs have the potential to become malignant,and these can be divided into four different grades by risk from low to high:Very low risk,low risk,medium risk,and high risk.Current guidelines all recommend early complete excision of GSTs larger than 2 cm in diameter.However,it is not clear whether small GSTs(sGSTs,i.e.,those smaller than 2 cm in diameter)should be treated as early as possible.The National Comprehensive Cancer Network recommends that endoscopic ultrasonographyguided(EUS-guided)fine-needle aspiration biopsy and imaging(computed tomography or magnetic-resonance imaging)be used to assess cancer risk for sGSTs detected by gastroscopy to determine treatment.When EUS indicates a higher risk of tumor,surgical resection is recommended.There are some questions on whether sGSTs also require early treatment.Many studies have shown that endoscopic treatment of GSTs with diameters of 2-5 cm is very effective.We here address whether endoscopic therapy is also suitable for sGSTs.In this paper,we try to explain three questions:(1)Does sGST require treatment?(2)Is digestive endoscopy a safe and effective means of treating sGST?and(3)When sGSTs are at different sites and depths,which endoscopic treatment method is more suitable?展开更多
Over the past decades, cancer has become one of the toughest challenges for health professionals. The epidemiologists are increasingly directing their research efforts on various malignant tumor worldwide. Of note, in...Over the past decades, cancer has become one of the toughest challenges for health professionals. The epidemiologists are increasingly directing their research efforts on various malignant tumor worldwide. Of note, incidence of cancers is on the rise more quickly in developed countries. Indeed, great endeavors have to be made in the control of the life-threatening disease. As we know it, pancreatic cancer（PC） is a malignant disease with the worst prognosis. While little is known about the etiology of the PC and measures to prevent the condition, so far, a number of risk factors have been identified. Genetic factors, pre-malignant lesions, predisposing diseases and exogenous factors have been found to be linked to PC. Genetic susceptibility was observed in 10% of PC cases, including inherited PC syndromes and familial PC. However, in the remaining 90%, their PC might be caused by genetic factors in combination with environmental factors. Nonetheless, the exact mechanism of the two kinds of factors, endogenous and exogenous, working together to cause PC remains poorly understood. The fact that most pancreatic neoplasms are diagnosed at an incurable stage of the disease highlights the need to identify risk factors and to understand their contribution to carcinogenesis. This article reviews the high risk factors contributing to the development of PC, to provide information for clinicians and epidemiologists.展开更多
目的:探讨先兆流产患者保胎后不良妊娠结局的影响因素。方法:选取2020年7月至2023年2月本院收治的先兆流产患者96例为研究对象,均接受保胎治疗。依据治疗后妊娠结局情况分为良好组79例、不良组17例。分析比较两组临床资料。多因素Logis...目的:探讨先兆流产患者保胎后不良妊娠结局的影响因素。方法:选取2020年7月至2023年2月本院收治的先兆流产患者96例为研究对象,均接受保胎治疗。依据治疗后妊娠结局情况分为良好组79例、不良组17例。分析比较两组临床资料。多因素Logistic回归分析不良妊娠结局的影响因素。结果:孕产次数、流产次数、黄体功能不全、焦虑评分、宫内大血肿、尿完整型人绒毛膜促性腺激素(Intact human chorionic gonadotropin,I-HCG)/人绒毛膜促性腺激素相关蛋白(Human chorionic gonadotropin related protein,HCGRP)阳性2为不良妊娠结局的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:孕产次数、流产次数、黄体功能不全、焦虑评分、宫内大血肿、尿I-HCG/HCGRP阳性2为先兆流产患者保胎后不良妊娠结局的高危因素。展开更多
基金Dr.Mao-Draayer has served as a consultant and/or received grant support from:Acorda,Bayer Pharmaceutical,Biogen Idec,EMD Serono,Genzyme,Novartis,Questor,Teva Neuroscience and Chugai PharmaDr.Mao-Draayeris currently supported by grants from NIH NIAID Autoimmune Center of Excellence:UM1-AI110557+1 种基金NIH NINDS R01-NS080821the University of Michigan Neurology Department
文摘Multiple sclerosis（MS）is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system（CNS）characterized by coexisting processes of inflammation,demyelination,axonal neurodegeneration,and gliosis.It is the most common disabling neurological disease in young adulthood.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China,No.2018A0303130278.
文摘Gastrointestinal stromal tumors can occur in any part of the gastrointestinal tract,but gastric stromal tumors(GSTs)are the most common.All GSTs have the potential to become malignant,and these can be divided into four different grades by risk from low to high:Very low risk,low risk,medium risk,and high risk.Current guidelines all recommend early complete excision of GSTs larger than 2 cm in diameter.However,it is not clear whether small GSTs(sGSTs,i.e.,those smaller than 2 cm in diameter)should be treated as early as possible.The National Comprehensive Cancer Network recommends that endoscopic ultrasonographyguided(EUS-guided)fine-needle aspiration biopsy and imaging(computed tomography or magnetic-resonance imaging)be used to assess cancer risk for sGSTs detected by gastroscopy to determine treatment.When EUS indicates a higher risk of tumor,surgical resection is recommended.There are some questions on whether sGSTs also require early treatment.Many studies have shown that endoscopic treatment of GSTs with diameters of 2-5 cm is very effective.We here address whether endoscopic therapy is also suitable for sGSTs.In this paper,we try to explain three questions:(1)Does sGST require treatment?(2)Is digestive endoscopy a safe and effective means of treating sGST?and(3)When sGSTs are at different sites and depths,which endoscopic treatment method is more suitable?
文摘Over the past decades, cancer has become one of the toughest challenges for health professionals. The epidemiologists are increasingly directing their research efforts on various malignant tumor worldwide. Of note, incidence of cancers is on the rise more quickly in developed countries. Indeed, great endeavors have to be made in the control of the life-threatening disease. As we know it, pancreatic cancer（PC） is a malignant disease with the worst prognosis. While little is known about the etiology of the PC and measures to prevent the condition, so far, a number of risk factors have been identified. Genetic factors, pre-malignant lesions, predisposing diseases and exogenous factors have been found to be linked to PC. Genetic susceptibility was observed in 10% of PC cases, including inherited PC syndromes and familial PC. However, in the remaining 90%, their PC might be caused by genetic factors in combination with environmental factors. Nonetheless, the exact mechanism of the two kinds of factors, endogenous and exogenous, working together to cause PC remains poorly understood. The fact that most pancreatic neoplasms are diagnosed at an incurable stage of the disease highlights the need to identify risk factors and to understand their contribution to carcinogenesis. This article reviews the high risk factors contributing to the development of PC, to provide information for clinicians and epidemiologists.
文摘目的:探讨先兆流产患者保胎后不良妊娠结局的影响因素。方法:选取2020年7月至2023年2月本院收治的先兆流产患者96例为研究对象,均接受保胎治疗。依据治疗后妊娠结局情况分为良好组79例、不良组17例。分析比较两组临床资料。多因素Logistic回归分析不良妊娠结局的影响因素。结果:孕产次数、流产次数、黄体功能不全、焦虑评分、宫内大血肿、尿完整型人绒毛膜促性腺激素(Intact human chorionic gonadotropin,I-HCG)/人绒毛膜促性腺激素相关蛋白(Human chorionic gonadotropin related protein,HCGRP)阳性2为不良妊娠结局的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:孕产次数、流产次数、黄体功能不全、焦虑评分、宫内大血肿、尿I-HCG/HCGRP阳性2为先兆流产患者保胎后不良妊娠结局的高危因素。
