Heat treatment and granule medium internal highpressure forming of AA6061 tube

The new forming process of AA6061 alloy tube, including solution treatment, granule medium internal high-pressure forming and aging treatment, was developed. The AA6061 alloy tube via heat treatment satisfied the forming requirement, and the granule medium internal high pressure forming method for AA6061 alloy tube was also realized by using convenient implementation with low requirement of equipment and flexible design of product. At a solution temperature of 560℃ and time of 120 min, the elongation of the AA6061 extruded tube increases by 300% and the strength and the hardness dramatically decrease too. Therefore, the AA6061 alloy tube meets the requirement of internal high-pressure forming because of the improvement of formability. The experiments shows that the strength and hardness of AA6061 alloy workpiece recover to that of the as-received alloy at an aging temperature of 180℃ and time of 360 min, and the strength of AA6061 alloy workpiece is equal to the base alloy. The typical parts of convex ring tube, stepped shaft tube and hexagonal tube were successfully produced in lab by using the present forming method. The forming tests show that the maximum expansion ratio(MER) of the AA6061 extruded tube increases by 25.5% and the material properties of formed AA6061 alloy tube reached the performance of as-received alloy.

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON OXIDATION PROPERTIES OF C/C COMPOSITES FABRICATED BY HIGH PRESSURE IMPREGNATION CARBONIZATION

Felt base carbon/carbon composites fabricated by super-high pressure impregnation carbonization process (SPIC) were heat treated at high temperature 2773K. The oxidation properties of felt base carbon/carbon composites were investigated at different temperatures (773-1173K), and the microstructures of carbon/carbon composites were studied by SEM and X-ray diffraction. The experimental results showed that the inter-laminar distance of (002) plane (d002) deceased while the microcrystalline stack height (Lc) increased. The oxidation rate of felt base carbon/carbon composites was invari-able at certain temperatures. The oxidation mechanism of carbon/carbon composites changed remarkably at the oxidation temperature 973K. At the initial oxidation stage of carbon/carbon composites, carbon matrix was oxidized much more rapidly than carbon felt.

Effect of High Pressure Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Compressive Properties of Low Carbon Steel

The effect of high pressure heat treatment on microstructure and compressive properties of low carbon steel were investigated by optical microscope,transmission electron microscope,hardness tester and compression test methods.The results show that martensite appears in low carbon steel at 1-5GPa GPa and 950°C for 15 minutes treatment,high pressure heat treatment can improve the hardness and compressive properties of the steel,the yield strength of the steel increases with increasing pressure,and its compressive properties are better than that treated under normal pressure quenching.

Effects of high-pressure heat treatment on the solid-state phase transformation and microstructures of Cu_(61.13)Zn_(33.94)Al_(4.93) alloys

The phase transformation activation energy of the Cu61.13Zn33.94A14.93 alloys, which were treated at 4 GPa and 700 ℃ for 15 minutes, was calculated by means of differential scanning calorimetry curves obtained at various heating and cooling rates. Then, the effects of high-pressure heat treatments on the solid-state phase transformation and the microstructures of Cu61.13Zn33.94A14.93 alloys were investigated. The results show that high-pressure heat treatments can refine the grains and can change the preferred orientation from （111） to （200） of α phase. Compared with the as-cast alloy, the sample with high-pressure heat treatment has finer grains, lower β＇→β and/β→β＇ transformation temperature and activation energy. Furthermore, we found that high cooling rate favours the formation of fine needle-like α phase in the range of 5-20℃/min.

Flexible Furnace Concepts for Vacuum Heat Treatment Combined with High-pressure Gas Quenching

IN the past five years the process combination of vacuum hardening, respectively vacuum carburizing with high-pressure gas quenching was successfully introduced to the market, especially in the manufacture of gears. In the meantime furnace concepts for various applications are available to the industry. In the following report three plant varieties are introduced, which differ in process flexibility and throughput. This report also explains criteria for the selection of a furnace in view of the existing application requirements. Besides this a short introduction is given into the vacuum carburizing process and the high-pressure gas quenching technology.

High Pressure Water-Jet Technology for the Surface Treatment of Al-Si Alloys and Repercussion on Tribological Properties

Recent developments in high pressure water-jet technology have brought the process to the forefront as a means of surface treatment. Water jet technology offers cleaning, cutting, processing as well as potential refinement of surface properties. By adapting the process parameters the surface characteristics can be changed while the profile remains the same. In the present study, water-jet technology was used for the surface treatment of Al-Si alloy to investigate its effect on tribological properties. Dry sliding wear behavior was investigated against AISI 52100 bearing steel ball using a reciprocating ball-on-flat configuration. Optical microscopy examination reveals that ploughing of grains, transgranular and intergranular propagation of cracks;are the mechanisms by which material is removed during water jet treatment. While, on the other hand, SEM observation of the wear track reveals that plastic deformation and delamination are the dominant wear mechanism during the wear process. Water jet treatment was compared to hot isostatic pressing in terms of its effects on wear resistance and surface porosity of Al-Si alloy. It was found that, hot isostatic pressing reduces the total amount of porosity at the expanse of hardness while water jet treatment produces a compressed surface having higher hardness and compressive residual stress, which ultimately increases wear resistance.

Train of Thought about Treatment of High Blood Pressure with Integrative Traditional and Western Medicine

Based on the differ—ent theories,TCM andWestern medicine(WM)have their owndifferent understandingsabout the pathogenesisand treatment of highblood pressure(HBP).In TCM the balancesbetween blood-qi,vis—cera—bowel, and yin—yang are all highly

Nursing Effects of Medical Treatment Combination on Patients at High Risk of Developing Pressure Ulcers at Rural Homes

Objective:To explore the nursing effects of medical treatment combination on patients at high risk of developing pressure ulcers at rural homes.Methods:From January 2018 to December 2018,86 patients at high risk of developing pressure ulcers at rural homes who were in Wenjiang Hospital were randomly divided into a control group and an observed group.The control group received the routine publicity and education and visiting,while the observed group adopted the cooperative nursing model of medical treatment combination.Then compare the healing status and nursing satisfaction of the two groups.Results:Of the 43 patients with pressure ulcers in the observed group,18 had been in the second stage of pressure ulcers and 16 had been healed;14 had been in the third stage of pressure ulcers and 8 had been healed;11 had been in the fourth stage of pressure ulcers and 5 had been healed.The nursing satisfaction of the patients in the observed group was 95.35%.Conclusion:Conducting medical treatment combination on patients at high risk of developing pressure ulcers at rural homes can effectively improve the patients’and their families’awareness of pressure ulcer nursing,standardize their nursing behaviour,help recover the patients themselves and promote the patients’satisfaction.

基于超高压处理的猕猴桃原浆制备研究

为优化猕猴桃超高压灭菌条件下原浆制作工艺,对3种不同原浆制作工艺分别进行单因素优化试验,筛选出两种产品色泽和稳定性较好的工艺,并对这两种工艺所制作样品进行4℃储藏40 d的品质对比。结果表明,在最大程度保留猕猴桃原浆绿色,提高其稳定性的条件下,3种工艺的优选次序为:对辊式挤压制浆>胶体磨制浆>高压微射流制浆;与胶体磨工艺相比,对辊式挤压工艺制作的产品在4℃条件下储藏30 d内无明显的自然分层,产品VC损失较少;优化后的制浆工艺为:采用对辊式挤压工艺,挤压次数为1次。按照该工艺制作的猕猴桃原浆色泽相对均一,以青绿色为主,VC含量为40~50 mg/100 g。

高压二氧化碳处理对桑椹原汁杀菌效果和品质稳定性的影响

为探讨高压二氧化碳处理(HPCD)对桑椹原汁杀菌效果的影响,以温度、压力、时间为自变量,以菌体致死率和褐变度为因变量,通过单因素和响应面试验优化最佳杀菌条件.结果表明,温度、压力均对桑椹原汁杀菌效果有显著影响,当压力为30 MPa,时间49 min,温度48℃,菌体致死率能达到4.10,在此条件下处理的桑椹原汁25℃贮藏60 d后,其花色苷含量、白藜芦醇含量、褐变度、菌落总数、 Vc含量、风味均优于传统热杀菌处理的桑椹原汁.结论:HPCD可实现在温和条件下对桑椹原汁达到理想的杀菌效果,同时能有效延长其保质期.

12Cr2Mo1VR在电站辅机产品中的应用及制造工艺优化

本文主要介绍采用12Cr2Mo1VR材料短筒身的高压加热器,在制造过程中出现裂纹问题,针对此材料进行研究并采取措施,包括优化工艺、改进设计结构等,从而规避风险,保证产品质量。

高水压地层顶管出洞止水环漏浆处理技术研究

在长距离顶管施工过程中,始发洞门可能因长期受地下水压过高、钢套环承压变形、止水胶圈长期受拉应力而失效等原因出现洞门漏浆、漏水问题,从而造成顶力陡增现象,随着顶进距离的不断增加,会出现顶不动的严重后果。为了解决高水压地层顶管出洞洞门止水环漏浆这一技术难题,笔者依托内蒙古引绰济辽工程实例分析了洞门止水环漏浆原因,介绍了一种高水压地层条件下顶管始发洞门止水环漏浆处理方法及关键技术,为类似工程提供借鉴。

高压液氨预热器管板环焊缝主副加热局部热处理

管板环焊缝局部热处理是影响高压液氨预热器服役安全的关键制造技术,传统局部热处理时温度分布不均匀、管板约束大,导致残余应力难以消除。对此,采用主副加热局部热处理方法,并验证该方法在高压液氨预热器局部热处理时的有效性。计算与测试结果表明,传统局部热处理仅可降低外表面的轴向和环向残余应力,而内表面轴向应力会略微增大,环向应力降幅较小;主副加热局部热处理使内表面轴向应力由283 MPa降低至100 MPa以下,降幅约64%,环向应力由324 MPa降低至206 MPa,降幅约37%,显著降低了设备内表面应力腐蚀开裂的敏感性。

高压渗流法制备中高体积分数SiCp/Al复合材料的研究现状

高压渗流法制备SiCp/Al复合材料因其适应性广、操作简单、易于实现中高体积分数SiCp/Al复合材料的生产等特点而受到广大科研工作者的关注与广泛应用。本文详细阐述了中高体积分数SiCp/Al复合材料的高压渗流工艺,包括预制体的制备和高压渗流过程两方面,并对预制体制备过程中颗粒粒径、添加剂等因素以及高压渗流过程中压力、温度等工艺参数对复合材料性能的影响进行了分析;简述了SiCp/Al界面润湿性的改善策略及其对复合材料性能的影响,以及热处理对复合材料组织与性能的影响;最后介绍了中高体积分数SiCp/Al复合材料的应用,并展望了高压渗流法制备中高体积分数SiCp/Al复合材料的发展前景。

电子束辐照和超高压处理对红枣浓浆风味的影响

本研究以未处理样品为对照,采用巴氏杀菌(80℃,30 min)、电子束辐照(3、5、7 kGy)和超高压技术(400、500、600 MPa,6 min)对红枣浓浆样品进行处理,通过测定游离氨基酸、还原糖等呈味物质含量,结合电子鼻、电子舌技术和感官评价等方式分析不同处理对红枣浓浆风味的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,巴氏杀菌和电子束辐照处理导致游离氨基酸含量显著下降,巴氏杀菌导致精氨酸、缬氨酸和亮氨酸等苦味氨基酸含量显著上升;电子束辐照和超高压处理组可以显著提升红枣浓浆样品中果糖含量;通过电子鼻检测发现8组样品传感器数值存在明显差异;电子舌结果显示,电子束辐照、超高压处理和未处理样品之间滋味特征存在明显差异,而巴氏杀菌处理样品与对照组样品滋味特征更为接近;在感官评价中,电子束辐照处理样品获得感官评分高于其他处理,主要表现为滋味、色泽和冲调性更好。总之,电子束辐照处理和超高压处理均能有效提升红枣浓浆风味品质。

复合磷酸盐螯合剂对超高压处理的骆驼乳品质的影响

骆驼乳有较高的营养价值及保健功效,但超高压灭菌过程中经常出现凝乳现象,因而常加入磷酸盐螯合剂提高骆驼乳的稳定性。该研究以探究超高压处理的骆驼乳品质的影响为目的,以超高压处理后的骆驼乳为研究对象,对不同磷酸盐螯合剂的种类、比例进行感官评定,优化加入磷酸盐螯合剂后超高压处理的工艺,分析加入复合磷酸盐螯合剂的超高压处理骆驼乳的理化指标、流变学特性、感官风味等品质特性产生的影响。结果表明,加入0.07%焦磷酸钠和0.1%(均为质量分数)六偏磷酸钠组成的复合磷酸盐螯合剂的骆驼乳,经550 MPa、22 min超高压处理后,其酸度值降低,pH值升高,流变学特性良好,酸味、苦味和涩味值减弱,且对氮氧化合物、醛酮类及芳香族化合物敏感。综上所述,加入复合磷酸盐螯合剂可改善超高压处理的骆驼乳的品质。该研究为综合利用骆驼乳以及骆驼乳的产业化提供试验基础和理论依据。