Optimization of Anti-Collapse Drilling Fluid Systems with High Potassium Content

The ash mudstone in some oil formations is highly water-sensitive.The oil formation is fractured,and the risk of well leakage and collapse is not negligible.This study presents a countermeasure for well collapse prevention,based on a“force-chemistry synergistic balance”approach and the utilization of environmentally friendly and efficient hydration inhibitors.The relevance of this approach is demonstrated considering a drilling fluid system with the high potassium content.The analysis shows that the system can maintain good rheological properties,filtration loss and suspension stability even after aging at 130℃ for 16 h.The primary roll recovery of rock chips is better than 98%.The secondary rolling recovery rate is 89%.The rapid water loss is close to zero.The effects of carrying rock,sand,hydration inhibition and dispersion of drill chips are all noticeable.

Analysis of F_1 Heterosis of Potassium Content on Self-bred High-potassium New Strains of Flue-cured Tobacco

F1 potassium heterosis of 8 flue-cured tobacco varieties and 6 self-bred high-potassium new strains were studied. The results showed that the F1 mean het- erosis of potassium content had differences between different parts of plants, showing B2F （8.45%）〉X2F （7.59%）〉C3F （5.64%）; the F1 over-parent heterosis of potassium content of various parts was not obvious, showing X2F （0.05%）〉C3F （-0.43%） 〉B2F （-0.48%）; the F, control heterosis of potassium content of different parts showed B2F （17.81%）〉X2F （4.06%）〉C3F （1.12%）. The variance of GCA of potassium content in various parts of the 6 self-bred high-potassium new strains was significant or extremely significant, and all leaves of GK2 had greater GCA effect on potassium content; C3F and X2F of GK7 had good GCA effect on potassium con- tent, but GCA effect was bad in B2F; GK9 preformed well in B2F but badly in C3F. The variance of SCA in all combinations was extremely significant, and the good combinations included Duoye 87xGK7 （17.19%） in B2F, Duoye 87xGK2 （25.63%）, ChangbohuangxGK5 （19.43%）, Yunyan 87xGK7 （22.78%）, and Yunyan 87xGK9 （24.38%） in C3F, Coker176xGK7 （19.87%）, 101xGK9 （15.89%）, Yunyan 85xGK9 （19.15%）, and Yunyan 87xGK9 （20.74%） in X2F.

Analysis of F_1 Heterosis of Agronomic Traits and Chemical Components on Selfbred Highpotassium New Lines

F1 heterosis of agronomic characters and chemical components of 8 fluecured tobacco varieties and 6 self-bred high-potassium new lines was studied. The results showed that 4-5 weeks after transplanting was the main changing period of agronomic traits. Compared with the comparative heterosis, among the proportions of combinations showing positive comparative heterosis at the significant level, the heterosis proportions of plant height （97.92%）, internode length （100%） and stem girth （58.33%） were larger, these of total nitrogen （83.33%）, protein （79.17%）, nicotine （79.17%） and potassium （95.83%） in upper leaves were larger, these of total sugar （64.58%）, total nitrogen （68.75%）, protein （72.92%） and nicotine （64.58%） in middle leaves were larger, and in lower leaves, except that the proportion of chlorine was smaller （12.50%）, the proportions of other chemical components all exceeded 40%. Compared with average heterosis, among the proportions of combinations showing positive comparative heterosis at the significant level, the heterosis proportions of plant height （54.17%）, leaf width （43.75%）, stem girth （43.75%） and internode length （72.92%） were larger, these of total sugar （47.92%） and reducing sugar （54.17%） in upper leaves were larger, these of all the chemical components in middle leaves exceeded 30%, and these of all the chemical components in lower leaves were in the range of 27.08%-41.67%. Compared with heterobeltiosis, among the proportions of combinations showing positive comparative heterosis at the significant level, that of the internode length （60.42%） was larger, these of chemical components in upper leaves were in the range of 8.33%-29.17%, these of chemical components in middle leaves were in the range of 20.83%-39.58%, and these of chemical components in lower leaves were in the range of 16.67%-35.42%. It was indicated that rational effective control of water and fertilizer in this sensitive period could significantly enhance heterosis.

Highly Active Anhydrous Potassium Fluoride

Highly active anhydrous potassium fluoride has many uses. Its good performance is demonstrated in high activity, high recovery, low consumption and the low emission of accessory substances during the process of organic fluorination. Moreover. there is no need to use an expensive intertransferable catalyst in the process of fluorination. Under the same conditions and within the same time limit, the fluorination rate of the product is 97% while that of ordinary anhydrous potassium fluoride is 58%. The product, developed recently by the Shenyang Chemical Research Institute, can remain in a state of superfine powder for a long time in air

Enhanced Loading of ^(40)K from Natural Abundance Potassium Source with a High Performance 2D^+ MOT

40K is one of the most important atomic species for ultra-cold atomic physics. Due to the extremely low con- centration （0.012%） of 40K in natural abundance of potassium, most experiments use 4-10% enriched potassium source, which have greatly suffered from the extremely low annual production and significant price hikes in recent years. Using naturally abundant potassium source, we capture 5.4 × 10 6 cold 40K atoms with the help of a high performance of two-dimensional magneto-optical trap （2D＋ MOT）, which is almost three orders of magnitude greater than previous results without the 2D＋ MOT. The number of the 40K atoms is sufficient for most ultra-cold 40K experiments, and our approach provides an ideal alternative for the field.

Carbon foam with microporous structure for high performance symmetric potassium dual-ion capacitor

A novel carbon foam with microporous structure(CFMS),with the advantages of a simple fabrication process,low energy consumption,large specific surface area and high conductivity,has been prepared by a facile one-step carbonization.In addition,the carbon foam possesses suitable interlayer spacing in short range which is flexible to accommodate the deformation of carbon layer caused by the ion insertion and deinsertion at the charge and discharge state.Furthermore,a low cost carbon-based symmetric potassium dual-ion capacitor(PDIC),which integrates the virtues of potassium ion capacitors and dual-ion batteries,is successfully established with CFMS as both the battery-type cathode and the capacitor-type anode.PDIC displays a superior rate performance,an ultra-long cycle life(90%retention after 10000 cycles),and a high power density of 7800 W kg^-1 at an energy density of 39Whkg^-1.The PDIC also exhibits excellent ultrafast charge and slow discharge properties,with a full charge in just 60 s and a discharge time of more than 3000 s.

Relationship between Obesity, Serum Uric Acid, Serum Potassium and Glomerular Filtration Rate with Electric Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Blacks Central Africans with High Blood Pressure

The authors conducted a retrospective study over a period of 6 months in a hypertensive population in order to determine the correlation between serum uric acid on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and estimated serum potassium with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and obesity. This study enrolled 122 patients including 63 women (51.6%). The mean age was 55.9 ± 10.6 years (range 30 to 74 years). Obesity weight was found in 38 cases (31.1%) of which 20?were men (33.9%) and 18 women (28.6%). Abdominal obesity was found in 104 cases (85.2%). The average serum uric acid in patients with obesity weight was 63.3 ± 18.9 mg/L vs 62.4 ± 14.2 mg/L for no-obese patients (p?= 0.63). The average serum potassium in obese patients was 4.06 ± 0.42 mEq/L vs 4.02 ± 0.46 mEq/L for no-obese (p?= 0.65). The average GFR was 73.4 ± 21.4 ml/L in obese patients vs 66.6 ± 22.6 ml/min in no-obese (p?= 0.03). The LVH was found in 81 cases (66.4%). The LVH was found in 65 (62.5%) obese patients vs?16 (88%) non-obese patients (OR = 4.8, 95% 1.04?-?22?p?= 0.02). Only abdominal?obesity has been correlated with left ventricular hypertrophy after multivariate analysis. Emphasis must be focused on public health actions for effective and appropriate measures against obesity and hypertension, whose prevalence is increasing in our region.

维持性血液透析患者心血管并发症发生情况及影响因素分析

目的 探讨维持性血液透析(MHD)患者心血管并发症发生情况及相关影响因素,以期为临床制定防治措施提供依据。方法 回顾性选取2021年11月至2023年11月郑州市第七人民医院收治的206例MHD患者纳入研究,观察其心血管并发症发生情况,根据是否发生心血管并发症分为发生组(50例)、未发生组(156例)。比较两组一般资料、透析相关资料、实验室检查资料[血红蛋白、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、D-二聚体(D-D)、血钾、血钙、血磷、血钠],采用多因素logistic回归分析MHD患者发生心血管并发症的影响因素。结果 MHD患者心血管并发症发生率为24.27%,发生组年龄≥50岁、体重指数≥24.0 kg·m^(-2)、高血压例数占比多于未发生组,透析龄长于未发生组,血红蛋白、血钾水平均低于未发生组,超滤率及hs-CRP水平均高于未发生组(P<0.05);logistic回归分析显示,年龄、体重指数、高血压、超滤率、透析龄及血红蛋白、血钾、hs-CRP水平为MHD患者发生心血管并发症的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论 MHD患者心血管并发症发生率较高,年龄、体重指数、高血压、超滤率、透析龄、血红蛋白、血钾、hs-CRP是MHD患者发生心血管并发症的影响因素,医护人员应根据上述影响因素积极采取相应干预措施,以减少MHD患者心血管并发症的发生。

化肥减量配施鱼蛋白有机液肥对番茄产量和品质的影响

为探讨增施鱼蛋白有机液肥替代化肥的效果,以每667m^(2)施用高钾水溶肥5.0kg为对照,设置每667 m^(2)施用高钾水溶肥3.5 kg+鱼蛋白有机液肥5.0 L、高钾水溶肥2.0 kg+鱼蛋白有机液肥5.0 L、高钾水溶肥0.5kg+鱼蛋白有机液肥5.0L这3个化肥减量处理,比较分析化肥减量增施鱼蛋白有机液肥对番茄生长、产量和果实性状及可溶性固形物含量的影响。结果表明:在每667m^(2)施用5.0L鱼蛋白有机液肥的情况下,减少水溶肥用量会降低番茄的株高、叶长和叶宽,但促进了茎粗、果实纵横径的生长,其中不同处理的果实纵径差异不显著,果形指数和可溶性固形物含量随水溶肥用量的减少先升高再降低,以每667 m^(2)每次追施高钾水溶肥3.5 kg和2.0 kg的果形指数最大,但与其他处理没有显著差异。不同处理的平均单穗坐果数没有显著差异,单果质量和果实纵横径的变化趋势一致,每667 m^(2)每次追施高钾水溶肥0.5 kg的小区产量最大。因此,在追求产量的情况下,果实膨大至采收前以每667 m^(2)每次追施高钾水溶肥+0.5 kg鱼蛋白有机液肥5.0 L的肥料配比最适合生产;如果追求品质,每667 m^(2)每次追施高钾水溶肥2.0 kg+鱼蛋白有机液肥5.0 L的肥料配比有利于生产,比对照果实可溶性固形物含量可提高5.8%,667 m^(2)产量提高17.2%。

溶析结晶用于盐湖卤水提钾和镁锂分离研究

采用溶析结晶法快速分离盐湖卤水中氯化钾并降低卤水中的镁锂比,解决青海盐湖盐田摊晒存在的生产周期长、需要修建大面积盐田等难题。以有机溶剂为溶析剂,考察了不同种类溶析剂加入量、溶析温度、溶析时间等对盐湖氯化钾收率及镁锂比的影响。实验结果表明,以无水乙醇为溶析剂与盐湖卤水体积比为2∶1,溶析温度为-15℃,时间为90 min时,氯化钾和氯化钠的收率分别达到93.15%和99.84%。溶析结晶后的母液经过过滤,在70~80℃,以0.5℃/min的降温速率进行动态降温,析出氯化镁晶体,镁锂质量比由原卤中的388.44降低至266.63,最终达到快速分离氯化钾的目的及为后续对镁锂进一步分离提供更有利的条件。

一种新型钾基磷酸盐无固相高密度封隔液

高温高密度封隔液是高温高压井完井关键技术之一,目前密度超过1.60 g/cm 3无固相盐水封隔液只有溴盐、锌盐或者甲酸铯溶液,溴盐毒性大,锌盐高温腐蚀性难以控制,而甲酸铯价格昂贵,难以满足高温高压井完井技术要求,开发针对高温高压井的新型无固相高密度清洁盐水封隔液势在必行。以磷酸三钾TKP为主剂并添加其他处理剂优化而成可溶性盐SW4,研发了一种新型钾基磷酸盐无固相高密度封隔液,测试了其密度调节能力、水溶液的流变性和流变模式、金属腐蚀性、高温稳定性、生物毒性等性能。结果表明,SW4封隔液常温条件下最大密度可达1.90 g/cm 3;随密度增大,其水溶液黏度上升,其流变模式为牛顿流体;密度1.85 g/cm 3的封隔液在150℃、7 d条件下对A3钢、N80钢、TN110Cr13S和TN110Cr13M钢的腐蚀速率均小于0.076 mm/a,N80钢在1.80 g/cm 3 SW4封隔液中的腐蚀性明显低于同等条件下的溴化钠、溴化钙和溴化锌,与甲酸铯相当;在同等加量条件下,SW4能够提供更多的K+,具有更优异的防膨性;高温稳定性强,能够满足高温高压井完井工况需求;生物毒性低,具有环境可接受性,可以满足作为无固相高密度封隔液加重剂的技术要求。

水稻灌浆期高温下钾肥运筹对籽粒灌浆及垩白的影响

为了明确水稻灌浆期高温下钾肥运筹对籽粒灌浆及垩白的影响,本研究设置环境温度和灌浆期高温20 d 2个温度处理。并在不同温度下设置3种钾肥运筹方式,K1(基肥∶促花肥为10∶0)、K2(基肥∶促花肥为7∶3)和K3(基肥∶促花肥为3∶7),测定各处理下籽粒的灌浆进程和垩白。结果表明,灌浆期高温缩短籽粒活跃灌浆期,提前到达最大灌浆速率,提高花后15 d以内的灌浆速率,但花后15 d以后的灌浆速率迅速下降,降低花后20 d以后的灌浆速率,灌浆曲线起伏大,提高籽粒垩白米率和垩白度。在高温条件下,与K1相比,K2和K3均延长籽粒活跃灌浆期,推迟到达最大灌浆速率的时间,降低花后20 d以内的灌浆速率,缓解灌浆期高温对水稻造成的高温逼熟效应,且到达灌浆高峰后,灌浆速率下降更加平缓,灌浆速率下降较慢,提高花后20 d以后籽粒的灌浆速率,降低籽粒垩白的发生,并且垩白米率和垩白度随着促花肥比例的提高而降低。灌浆期高温下,虽然K3可以最大程度减少籽粒垩白的发生,但产量与K1无显著差异。因此,综合产量和品质,在水稻生产实践中,钾肥应按照基肥∶促花肥为7∶3比例施用,若灌浆期遭遇高温,可喷施磷酸二氢钾缓解高温胁迫的危害。

“妃子笑”荔枝高产若干生长发育性状

“妃子笑”荔枝是我国栽培区域最广的荔枝品种,比较研究不同区域“妃子笑”生长发育特性可为树冠、养分管理和成花着果调控及区域适应性发展等参考,为荔枝品种制订高产和克服“大小年”技术方案提供借鉴。2008—2022年,调查统计华南六省(区)北纬18°32′~28°47′的24县(区)39个示范园“妃子笑”物候期;于始花期调查海南、广东、广西和云南省(区)18个果园“妃子笑”结果树枝条、叶片和花穗生长量,并取样分析枝条、叶片、花穗主要养分含量,计算植株不同部位营养需求量。结果表明,主产区“妃子笑”末次秋梢成熟期8月下旬至11月中旬,现“白点”(花穗原基)期11月下旬至翌年2月中旬,盛花期2月上旬至4月上旬,果实成熟期4月下旬至7月底。3次秋梢生长分别约为35.9、39.5和40.2 d,秋梢老熟至现花穗原基(花诱导)约87 d,花穗与花芽分化期约56 d,果实发育期约需63 d。海南等地区“妃子笑”采果后树冠重回缩修剪至1.5 m高,形成矮化树形,而粤西等地修剪至2~3 m高,塑造高大树形。“妃子笑”结果植株采果后秋梢生长1~3次,树冠表面积的平均枝梢数16条/m2,秋梢平均长度37.7 cm,秋梢复叶数17片、叶片数104片。“妃子笑”单株不同部位年生长量,以鲜质量计分别为秋梢枝条16.8 kg,叶片40.2 kg,花穗17.2 kg;以干质量计为秋梢枝条9.50 kg,叶片23.24kg,花穗7.19kg。主要养分含量为秋梢枝条中氮0.76%、磷0.26%、钾0.72%、钙0.54%、镁0.15%;叶片中氮1.79%、磷0.17%、钾0.94%、钙0.77%、镁0.25%;花穗中氮2.20%、磷0.30%、钾1.74%、钙0.32%、镁0.29%。单株50 kg的产量,年度枝叶、花穗和果实生长所需主要元素为氮0.70 kg、磷0.10 kg、钾0.46 kg,秋梢期氮、磷、钾用量分别占比全年用量的71.4%、70.0%、63.0%。从多年产量稳定性看,海南省陵水县、琼海市、海口市,广西北海铁山港区、合浦县,广东省廉江市等地是“妃子笑”适应性表现较好的栽培区。综合而言,随着纬度北移和海拔升高,“妃子笑”物候期延后,果实成熟期持续3个月以上;各地区“妃子笑”物候期相差较大的是末次秋梢成熟期和果实成熟期,差异较小的是花芽诱导期;枝叶养分需求较大,确保秋梢生长量是支撑产量和品质的重要基础。

高钾型氮磷钾水溶肥对核桃生长发育和土壤理化性质的影响

为了研究不同时期及不同次数施用高钾型水溶肥对核桃叶片、果实品质及土壤理化性质等的影响,以“辽宁1号”核桃品种为试材,在树体萌芽期、果实膨大期、果实硬核期施入高钾型水溶肥,测定核桃叶片、果实和土壤相关指标。结果表明,在萌芽期、果实膨大期及果实硬核期3次施用高钾肥对叶片叶面积、叶绿素、可溶性糖、光合作用及全钾含量提高最多;果实膨大期及果实硬核期、萌芽期和果实膨大期的2次施肥处理下,叶片全氮和全磷含量最高;全磷含量在3次施肥与2次施肥处理下无显著性差异;在萌芽期、果实膨大期、果实硬核期3次施用高钾肥对坚果单果质量、脂肪含量及产量提高最多;果实硬核期1次施用高钾肥处理下黄酮、多酚含量提高最多,但多酚含量在果实膨大期、果实硬核期1次施肥,果实膨大期和果实硬核期2次施肥处理下差异不显著;在果实膨大期和果实硬核期2次施用高钾肥能有效提高土壤速效钾和全钾含量,有机质、全氮、全磷含量均在果实萌芽期和硬核期2次施肥处理时效果较好。综合各项指标,萌芽期、果实膨大期及硬核期3次施肥处理对叶片品质和坚果质量、脂肪含量提高最多,然而产量与2次施肥处理间无显著性差异;2次施肥处理下土壤有机质、速效钾、全氮、全钾含量较高。本试验表明,对于提高核桃仁品质而言,3次施肥效果较好;而对核桃产量及土壤理化性质来说,建议2次施肥。

基于ISODATA聚类算法的古代玻璃文物制品类型鉴别

针对古代玻璃文物制品表面有无风化问题,通过权值比重模型得出纹饰、玻璃类型、颜色在有无分化情况下的内在关系;在高钾玻璃风化、铅钡玻璃风化、高钾玻璃无风化和铅钡玻璃无风化4类情况下,计算出古代玻璃文物制品14种化学成分的平均含量;采用聚类算法对古代玻璃文物制品进行分类,并预测出古代玻璃文物制品风化前的化学成分含量。通过分析古代玻璃文物制品在未知玻璃类别时的主要化学成分,确定其在未知玻璃类别时的化学成分及其所属类型,进而为古代玻璃文物制品的鉴别和保护提供科学依据,也为相关领域的研究提供新的思路和方法。

黄瓜HAK基因家族的鉴定与生物信息学分析

为了深入研究黄瓜K^(+)转运蛋白基因家族KUP/HAK/KT的相关功能,本研究通过全基因组分析技术等生物信息学手段鉴定CsHAK家族成员,分析其进化关系、基因结构,蛋白质三级结构、顺式作用元件及共线性关系。结果发现,黄瓜基因组共有15个CsHAK基因,不均匀分布在黄瓜染色体chr1、chr3、chr4、chr5、chr7上,亚细胞定位预测发现CsHAK基因位于细胞质膜;CsHAK基因家族可分为3个亚家族,大部分家族成员包含12个保守基序和K_trans保守功能结构域,基因启动子区所含元件与激素调节、光响应、胁迫密切相关;CsHAK家族成员之间发生2个串联重复事件,Ks/Ka值均小于1,表明其进化受纯化选择作用。研究结果为进一步深入挖掘CsHAKs在黄瓜生长发育及逆境胁迫响应中的功能及作用机制提供了理论基础。

HDPE/钛酸钾晶须复合材料的制备与性能研究

利用双螺杆挤出制备了高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)/钛酸钾晶须(PTW)复合材料,研究了PTW不同填充量对HDPE复合材料性能的影响。结果表明:HDPE/PTW复合材料的弯曲模量和弯曲强度随PTW含量的增加而明显增加,拉伸强度略有增加,抗冲击强度有所降低,说明钛酸钾晶须对HDPE具有较好的增刚增韧作用。同时,PTW提高了材料的耐热性能,在PTW质量含量为25%,复合材料的负荷热变形温度提高了近20℃。另外,DSC分析表明,PTW对HDPE有结晶成核作用,结晶峰温度随PTW的增加而增加,在PTW质量含量为20%时,结晶峰温度提高了3.7℃。

铝电解质中钾的脱除技术

针对我国西南地区铝电解质中钾含量偏高的问题,提出了铝电解工序钾脱除技术方案。根据某电解铝企业的实际情况,通过取样分析、理论推导,以及浮选分离试验,提出了具体的实施方案,并论证了方案的可行性。研究结果表明:电解质中的KF易挥发并以KAlF 4和K 2 NaAl 3 F 12、K 2 NaAlF 6等固体氟铝酸盐的形态进入铝电解烟气;不同企业的铝电解质中KF含量不同,但电解槽挥发物中KF含量却比较接近;采用收集装置将铝电解烟气中的固体挥发物收集走,使其不再混入载氟氧化铝进入电解槽中,可快速降低铝电解槽中KF的平衡浓度;固体挥发物通过浮选可分离其中的氧化铝和氟铝酸盐,氟铝酸盐可用于制备低温电解质。该方案在技术上具有可行性。

以6-羟基-2-萘磺酸钾为活化剂制备硫掺杂多孔炭

硫掺杂多孔炭因具有优异的理化性质在很多方面都显示了巨大的潜力。本文以来源广泛、经济实惠且对环境友好的葡萄糖为原料,使用6-羟基-2-萘磺酸钾作为一种新型双功能活化剂经过高温炭化后直接合成硫掺杂的多孔炭(SDPC),同时深入研究活化剂添加量和温度对该多孔炭物理化学性质的影响。结果表明,当碳源与活化剂质量比例为1∶3,炭化温度为800℃时,硫含量高达5.82%(质量分数),且该多孔炭具有高比表面积(1029.83 m^(2)/g)与微孔体积(0.357 m^(2)/g)。该结果说明一步掺杂活化法可以起到掺硫与活化的双重功能,为制备杂原子掺杂多孔炭提供了一种新思路。

高锂高钾电解质对电解铝生产的影响分析及控制措施

广西某企业在电解铝生产中发现电解质中的w(LiF+KF)达到10%,严重影响到电解槽的正常运行。在对高含量的LiF、KF来源进行分析的基础上,研究了LiF、KF含量对电解温度、电流效率、电解质黏度、炉底沉淀量的影响,并针对性地采取了提高铝水平、提高电解质分子比、采用低锂低氧化铝电解质稀释等控制措施,有效地降低了生产中钾盐、锂盐的影响,保障了电解槽运行的稳定性。