Requirements of self-compacting concrete （SCC） applied in pre-stressed mass concrete structures include high fluidity, high elastic modulus, low adiabatic temperature rise and low drying shrinkage, which cannot be s...Requirements of self-compacting concrete （SCC） applied in pre-stressed mass concrete structures include high fluidity, high elastic modulus, low adiabatic temperature rise and low drying shrinkage, which cannot be satisfied by ordinary SCC. In this study, in order to solve the problem, a few principles of SCC design were proposed and the effects of binder amount, fly ash （FA） substitution, aggregate content and gradation on the workability, temperature rise, drying shrinkage and elastic modulus of SCC were investigated. The results and analysis indicate that the primary factor influencing the fluidity was paste content, and the main methods improving the elastic modulusof SCC were a lower sand ratio and an optimized coarse aggregate gradation. Lower adiabatic temperature rise and drying shrinkage were beneficial for decreasing the cement content. Further, based on the optimization of mixture, a C50 grade SCC （with binder amount of only 480 kg/ m3, fly ash substitution of 40%, sand ratio of 51% and proper coarse aggregate gradation （Vs.~0 mm： V10-16 ram： V16.20 mm= 30%： 30%：40%）） with superior workability was successfully prepared. The temperature rise and drying shrinkage of the prepared SCC were significantly reduced, and the elastic modulus reached 37.6 GPa at 28 d.展开更多
High-κ /Ge gate stack has recently attracted a great deal of attention as a potential candidate to replace planar silicon transistors for sub-22 generation. However, the desorption and volatilization of GeO hamper th...High-κ /Ge gate stack has recently attracted a great deal of attention as a potential candidate to replace planar silicon transistors for sub-22 generation. However, the desorption and volatilization of GeO hamper the development of Ge-based devices. To cope with this challenge, various techniques have been proposed to improve the high-κ /Ge interface. However,these techniques have not been developed perfectly yet to control the interface. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an improved stress relieved pre-oxide（SRPO） method to improve the thermodynamic stability of the high-κ /Ge interface. The x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS） and atomic force microscopy（AFM） results indicate that the GeO volatilization of the high-κ /Ge gate stack is efficiently suppressed after 500℃ annealing, and the electrical characteristics are greatly improved.展开更多
Subalpine fir decline （SFD） has killed more trees in Colorado＇s high elevation forests than any other insect or disease problem. The widespread nature of this disorder suggests that the cause involves climatic fact...Subalpine fir decline （SFD） has killed more trees in Colorado＇s high elevation forests than any other insect or disease problem. The widespread nature of this disorder suggests that the cause involves climatic factors. We examined the influence of varying combinations of average annual temperature and precipitation on the incidence and distribution of SFD. Climatic transition matrices generated in this study indicate that most healthy trees are found in climatic zones with moderate to low temperatures and high precipitation; whereas, SFD occurs mostly in zones of moderate temperatures and moderate precipitation. The contrasting distributions define an environmental mismatch. Forests matched with favorable climatic conditions thrive; those that are mismatched can become vulnerable to decline disease.展开更多
针对现有支护材料及工艺难以适用于深部软岩巷道大变形的支护难题,在理论分析、室内试验的基础上研发了新型高预应力锚索及其配套工艺,该新型锚索可施加初始预应力达70~100 k N,杆体延伸率10%~12%,可有效阻止开挖后围岩的快速变形,保持...针对现有支护材料及工艺难以适用于深部软岩巷道大变形的支护难题,在理论分析、室内试验的基础上研发了新型高预应力锚索及其配套工艺,该新型锚索可施加初始预应力达70~100 k N,杆体延伸率10%~12%,可有效阻止开挖后围岩的快速变形,保持围岩的整体性和稳定性,并具有成本低、强度高、不易松动等优点;依据典型深部软岩巷道围岩变形特征及破坏机制,提出了以新型高预应力锚索和注浆锚杆为核心的联合控制技术,即支护初期采用以新型高预应力锚索为主,金属网、混凝土喷层为辅的柔性支护;后期进行全断面注浆,内外结合,从根本上提高支护强度。经现场试验证明,该技术能有效提高锚索受力状态,降低围岩变形速率,缩短围岩变形时间,围岩最终变形量只为原支护方案的30%左右,锚索平均受力提高了近4.7倍,取得了良好的支护效果,具有重要的推广应用价值。展开更多
基金Funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1134008 and 51302090)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2015ZJ0005)
文摘Requirements of self-compacting concrete （SCC） applied in pre-stressed mass concrete structures include high fluidity, high elastic modulus, low adiabatic temperature rise and low drying shrinkage, which cannot be satisfied by ordinary SCC. In this study, in order to solve the problem, a few principles of SCC design were proposed and the effects of binder amount, fly ash （FA） substitution, aggregate content and gradation on the workability, temperature rise, drying shrinkage and elastic modulus of SCC were investigated. The results and analysis indicate that the primary factor influencing the fluidity was paste content, and the main methods improving the elastic modulusof SCC were a lower sand ratio and an optimized coarse aggregate gradation. Lower adiabatic temperature rise and drying shrinkage were beneficial for decreasing the cement content. Further, based on the optimization of mixture, a C50 grade SCC （with binder amount of only 480 kg/ m3, fly ash substitution of 40%, sand ratio of 51% and proper coarse aggregate gradation （Vs.~0 mm： V10-16 ram： V16.20 mm= 30%： 30%：40%）） with superior workability was successfully prepared. The temperature rise and drying shrinkage of the prepared SCC were significantly reduced, and the elastic modulus reached 37.6 GPa at 28 d.
文摘High-κ /Ge gate stack has recently attracted a great deal of attention as a potential candidate to replace planar silicon transistors for sub-22 generation. However, the desorption and volatilization of GeO hamper the development of Ge-based devices. To cope with this challenge, various techniques have been proposed to improve the high-κ /Ge interface. However,these techniques have not been developed perfectly yet to control the interface. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an improved stress relieved pre-oxide（SRPO） method to improve the thermodynamic stability of the high-κ /Ge interface. The x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS） and atomic force microscopy（AFM） results indicate that the GeO volatilization of the high-κ /Ge gate stack is efficiently suppressed after 500℃ annealing, and the electrical characteristics are greatly improved.
基金supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture,Mc Intire-Stennis
文摘Subalpine fir decline （SFD） has killed more trees in Colorado＇s high elevation forests than any other insect or disease problem. The widespread nature of this disorder suggests that the cause involves climatic factors. We examined the influence of varying combinations of average annual temperature and precipitation on the incidence and distribution of SFD. Climatic transition matrices generated in this study indicate that most healthy trees are found in climatic zones with moderate to low temperatures and high precipitation; whereas, SFD occurs mostly in zones of moderate temperatures and moderate precipitation. The contrasting distributions define an environmental mismatch. Forests matched with favorable climatic conditions thrive; those that are mismatched can become vulnerable to decline disease.
文摘针对现有支护材料及工艺难以适用于深部软岩巷道大变形的支护难题,在理论分析、室内试验的基础上研发了新型高预应力锚索及其配套工艺,该新型锚索可施加初始预应力达70~100 k N,杆体延伸率10%~12%,可有效阻止开挖后围岩的快速变形,保持围岩的整体性和稳定性,并具有成本低、强度高、不易松动等优点;依据典型深部软岩巷道围岩变形特征及破坏机制,提出了以新型高预应力锚索和注浆锚杆为核心的联合控制技术,即支护初期采用以新型高预应力锚索为主,金属网、混凝土喷层为辅的柔性支护;后期进行全断面注浆,内外结合,从根本上提高支护强度。经现场试验证明,该技术能有效提高锚索受力状态,降低围岩变形速率,缩短围岩变形时间,围岩最终变形量只为原支护方案的30%左右,锚索平均受力提高了近4.7倍,取得了良好的支护效果,具有重要的推广应用价值。
