Production of carbon anodes by high-temperature mould pressing

Laboratory-scale carbon anodes were produced by a new method of high temperature mould pressing, and their physico-chemical properties were studied. The influence of mould pressing conditions and coal pitch addition on the bulk density, crushing strength, and oxidation resistance was analyzed. The mierostructure of carbon anodes was investigated by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and the mechanism of producing carbon anodes by high-temperature mould pressing was analyzed. The results show that when the anodes are produced by high-temperature mould pressing, coal pitch can expand into the coke particles and fill the pores inside the particles, which is beneficial for improving the quality of prebaked anodes. The bulk density of carbon anodes is 1.64-1.66 g/cm3, which is 0.08-0.12 g/cm3 higher than that of industrial anodes, and the oxidation resistance of carbon anodes is also significantly improved.

Function of large-volume high-pressure apparatus at SECUF

Pressure allows the precise tuning of a fundamental parameter, the interatomic distance, which controls the electronic structure and virtually all interatomic interactions that determine material properties. Hence, pressure tuning is an effective tool in the search for new materials with enhanced properties. To realize pressure tuning on matter, large-volume press （LVP） apparatuses have been widely used not only to synthesize novel materials but also to implement the in situ measurement of physical properties. Herein, we introduce the LVP apparatuses, including belt-type, cubic anvil, and 6-8 type multi-anvil, that will be constructed at the Synergetic Extreme Condition User Facility （SECUF） at Jilin University. Typically, cell volumes of 1000 mm3 can be obtained at 20 GPa in a belt-type apparatus that is significantly larger than that obtained in a 6-8 type multi-anvil apparatus at the same pressure. Furthermore, the in situ measurement of physical prop- erties, including thermological, electrical, and mechanical behaviors, is coupled to these LVP apparatuses. Some typical results of both synthetic experiments and in situ measurements obtained from the LVP apparatuses are also reviewed.

A method to calculate and counterbalance the inertia force of slider-crank mechanisms in high-speed presses

A new method to calculate and counterbalance the inertia force of slider-crank mechanisms in high-speed mechanical presses was put forward. By analyzing the kinematic characteristics of a center-located slider-crank mechanism whose crank rotates at a constant angular velocity,the kinematic parameters of the slide,connecting rod and crank were formulated approximately. On the basis of the results above,three inertia forces and the input moment in the mechanism during its idle running were investigated and formulated by dynamic analysis. A verification experiment was performed on a slider-crank mechanism at a high-speed press machine. The forces derived from the established formulas were compared respectively with those obtained by the ADAMS software and the classical method of connecting rod mass substitution. It was experimentally found that the proposed formulas have an improved performance over related earlier techniques. By use of these results,a 1 000 kN 1 250 rpm four-point high-speed press machine was designed and manufactured. The slide of this press is driven by four sets of slider-crank mechanisms with symmetrical layout and opposite rotation directions to counterbalance the horizontal inertia forces. Four eccentric counterbalance blocks were designed to counterbalance the vertical force after their mass and equivalent eccentric radius were formulated. The high-speed press machine designed by the proposed counterbalance method has worked with satisfactory performance and good dynamic balance for more than four years in practical production.

Preparation of ZrB_2 Ceramics by Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis and Hot Pressing Sintering

ZrB2 ceramics were prepared by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis（SHS） and were sintered by hot pressing（HP）.The effects of the granularities and doses of raw materials in Zr-B2O3-Mgon SHS process and product were investigated.XRD and combustion temperature curves prove that the ideal SHS reactants of Zr-B2O3-Mg are 50μm Zr powder,75μm B2O3 powder and 400μm Mg powder with 45% excessive.The particle sizes of SHS product,acid-leached product,sintered product are 2-5μm,0.5-2μm,2-10μm respectively.Chemical analysis indicates that the acid-leached product consists of ZrB2（94.59%）,ZrO2（3.87%）,and H3BO3（1.54%）,The sintered product has a relative density of 95.4%.

Effect of La_2O_3 on microstructure and high-temperature wear property of hot-press sintering FeAl intermetallic compound

FeAl intermetallic compound with different contents of rare earth oxide La2O3 addition was prepared by hot pressing the mechanically alloyed powders.Effect of La2O3 on microstructure and high-temperature wear property of the sintered FeAl samples was investigated in this paper.The results showed that 1 wt.% La2O3 addition could refine the microstructure and increase the density of the FeAl intermetallic compound,and correspondingly improved the high-temperature wear resistance.SEM and EDS analyses of the wo...

Compressive behavior of NiAl/(Cr,Mo)Hf alloy prepared by high-pressure die casting and hot isostatic pressing

The NiAl-28Cr-5.85Mo-0.15Hf alloy was prepared by high-pressure die casting (HPDC) and subsequent hot isostatic pressing(HIP), and tested for compressible strength and fracture behavior at 300-1 373 K. The results show that the elevated temperature 0.2% compressible yield strength as well as the room-temperature compressible fracture strain of as-HIP alloy are larger than those of the same alloy prepared by directional solidification (DS). It suggests that the fine structures with a homogeneous distribution of fine Cr (Mo) and Hf-rich phase created by high-pressure die casting lead to these improvements.

EX-PRESS植入联合超乳治疗合并白内障的急性闭角型青光眼持续高眼压

目的:探讨EX-PRESS青光眼引流器植入联合超声乳化吸出术治疗合并白内障的急性闭角型青光眼持续高眼压患者的临床效果和安全性。方法:选择2016-01/2017-01在我院就诊的急性闭角型青光眼合并白内障持续高眼压患者作为研究对象,患者均给予EX-PRESS青光眼引流器植入联合超声乳化吸出术治疗。观察手术前后中央前房深度、术后1、4、8、12、24、48wk的眼压、矫正视力,记录手术的治疗成功率和术中、术后并发症发生情况。结果:术前患者前房深度为1. 974±0. 182mm,术后患者前房深度为2. 961±0. 175mm,差异有统计学意义(P<0. 01)。术后1、4、8、12、24、48wk时患者眼压与术前相比较均显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0. 05)。术后12、24、48wk成功患者所占比例逐渐降低,但总成功率均为100%。术后48wk患者矫正视力显著较术前改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0. 05)。本组患者均未出现严重术中和术后并发症。结论:EX-PRESS青光眼引流器植入联合超声乳化吸出术治疗合并白内障的急性闭角型青光眼持续高眼压患者安全有效。

Hot-press sintering of MA Fe-based nanocrystalline/amorphous soft magnetic powder

Microstructures and magnetic properties of Fe84Nb7B9,Fe80Ti8B 12 and Fe32Ni36（Nb/V）7Si8B17 powders and their bulk alloys prepared by mechanical alloying（MA） method and hot-press sintering were studied. The results show that: 1) After MA for 20 h,nanocrystalline bcc singl e phase supersaturated solid solution forms in Fe84-Nb7B9 and Fe8 0Ti8B12 alloys,amorphous structure forms in Fe32Ni36Nb7 Si8B17 alloy,duplex microstructure composed of nanocrystalline γ- （FeNi） supersaturated solid solution and trace content of Fe2B phase forms in Fe32Ni36-V7Si8B17 alloy. 2) The decomposition process of supersaturated solid solution phases in Fe84Nb7B9 and Fe80Ti8B 12 alloys happens at 710780 ℃,crystallization reaction in Fe （32）Ni36Nb7Si8B17 alloy happens at 530 ℃（the temperature of peak value） and residual amorphous crystallized further happens at 760 ℃ （the temperature of peak value）,phase decomposition process of supersaturated solid solution at 780 ℃ （the temperature of peak value） and crystallization reaction at 431 ℃ （the temperature of peak value） happens in Fe32Ni36V7S i8B17 alloy. 3) under 900 ℃,30 MPa,（0.5 h） hot-press sintering conditions,bulk alloys with high relative density（94.7%95.8%） can be ob tained. Except that the grain size of Fe84Nb7B9 bulk alloy is large,s uperfine grains （grain size 50200 nm） are obtained in other alloys. Exc ept that single phase microstructure is obtained in Fe80Ti8B12 bul k alloy,multi-phase microstructures are obtained in other alloys. 4) The magne tic properties of Fe80Ti8B12bulk alloy（Bs=1.74 T,Hc= 4.35 kA/m） are significantly superior to those of other bulk alloys,which is r elated to the different phases of nanocrystalline or amorphous powder formed dur ing hot-press sintering process and grain size.

Comparative study of β-Si_3N_4 powders prepared by SHS sintered by spark plasma sintering and hot pressing

β-Si3N4 powders prepared by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis （SHS） with additions of Y2O3 and Al2O3 were sintered by spark plasma sintering （SPS）. The densification, microstructure, and mechanical properties of Si3N4 ceramics prepared using this method were compared with those obtained by hot pressing process. Well densified Si3N4 ceramics with finer and homogeneous microstructure and better mechanical properties were obtained in the case of the SPS technique at 200°C lower than that of hot pressing. The microhardness is 15.72 GPa, the bending strength is 716.46 MPa, and the fracture toughness is 7.03 MPa·m1/2.

Effect of high salinity on cell growth and protein production of Antarctic ice microalgae Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L

Antarctic ice microalgae Chlamydomonas sp.ICE-L can survive and thrive in Antarctic sea ice.In this study,Chlamydomonas sp.ICE-L could survive at the salinity of 132‰ NaCl.SDS-PAGE showed that the density of 2 bands（26 and 36 kD） decreased obviously at the salinity of 99‰ NaCl compared to at the salinity of 33‰ NaCl.The soluble proteins in Chlamydomonas sp.ICE-L grown under salinity of 33‰ and 99% NaCl were compared by 2-D gel electrophoresis.After shocking with high salinity,8 protein spots were found to disappear,and the density of 28 protein spots decreased.In addition,19 protein spots were enhanced or induced,including one new peptide（51 kD）.The changes of proteins might be correlated with the resistance for Chlamydomonas sp.ICE-L to high salinity.

Noise in a coupling electromagnetic detecting system for high frequency gravitational waves

This paper discusses the basic categories of noise in detecting high frequency gravitational waves in the microwave band （-0.1-10GHz）, which contain shot noise from the laser and the thermal radiation photons, thermal noise from statistical fluctuation of the thermal photons and fluctuation of the temperature, radiation press noise on the fractal membrane, the noise caused by the scattering of the Gaussian Beam （GB） in the detecting tube and noise in the microwave radiometers. The analysis shows that a reasonable signal-to-noise ratio may be achieved for a detecting device with the fixed power of GB （105 W）, only when the temperature of the environment is no more than T=I K, and the optimal length of the microwave radiometers is about 0.3 m.

LLDPE/碳纤维网复合膜的制备及性能

为了提高线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)的拉伸强度和模量,将碳纤维(CF)梳理成均匀的碳纤维网,将其作为增强材料与LLDPE复合制备LLDPE/CF复合膜,综合利用热失重分析(TG)、扫描示差量热分析(DSC)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及拉伸测试等手段分析碳纤维网含量对复合膜结构及性能的影响。结果表明:与LLDPE膜相比,LLDPE/CF复合膜的拉伸强度和杨氏模量显著提高并随碳纤维网含量增加而增大,当碳纤维网质量分数仅为1%时,拉伸强度从10.6MPa提高到28.7MPa,提高了171%,杨氏模量由75MPa增大到1119MPa,约提高到原来的15倍;碳纤维网的引入有利于LLDPE/CF复合膜热稳定性能的提高,当碳纤维网含量仅为1%时,LLDPE/CF的初始热分解温度和最大热分解速率温度与LLDPE相比分别提高了21℃和11℃;碳纤维网的引入促进了LLDPE分子链的结晶,使LLDPE/CF复合膜的结晶度增大,有利于拉伸强度和模量提高;SEM结果显示碳纤维网与LLDPE基体间的界面结合较强,有利于力学性能的提高。研究成果可为高性能聚合物/碳纤维复合材料的制备提供实验依据和理论指导价值。

高海拔环境下压接式半导体器件的外绝缘特性

压接式半导体器件作为柔性直流输电工程中的核心器件,对电网系统的稳定性和可靠性具有重要意义。目前,关于压接式半导体器件在高海拔环境下外绝缘特性的研究尚且不足,针对市场上主流半导体器件厂家的器件开展外绝缘试验,研究不同海拔环境下半导体器件在不同电压类型下的间隙放电特性和在不同湿度下的沿面绝缘特性。在人工气候罐中模拟的2000、3800和4500 m高海拔环境下,对5种器件进行了雷电冲击电压试验、操作冲击电压试验、直流电压试验及60%、70%和80%湿度下人工污秽试验。试验结果表明,研究的5种器件均能满足3种海拔下的外绝缘要求,且设计裕度均大于17.6%;同时根据试验数据计算出海拔修正系数,对高海拔环境下空气间隙修正具有指导意义。

轻质高强异形管件充液压制成形技术

目的针对轻质高强异形管状构件的迫切需求,研发了充液压制成形技术,以在低载荷下成形出具有高强度、大尺寸、小圆角等特征的异形空心薄壁管状构件。方法给出了充液压制成形的力学原理,建立了成形过程压制力计算模型与临界支撑内压理论模型,分析了充液压制成形过程失稳屈曲/起皱规律、圆角充填机理与壁厚分布规律。结果当管材充液压制过程所需的支撑内压为内高压成形压力的1/10~1/20时,就可以避免管坯发生失稳屈曲与起皱,同时使压制力大幅降低。在弯曲与压缩应力复合作用下对管坯进行圆角充填,充液压制成形得到的管件壁厚减薄非常小。结论利用小吨位合模压力机在超低压条件下可以充液压制成形出具有小圆角与均匀壁厚的轻质高强异形管件,解决了传统内高压成形压力高、易发生开裂等难题。

6000t自由锻造水压机改油压机关键技术研究

本文提出了6000t自由锻造水压机升级改造的必要性,介绍了6000t自由锻造水压机升级改造的路径及改造后主要参数,阐述了控制系统升级改造方案及其关键技术。

西藏谷露地热田ZK401高温地热井钻井工艺技术

谷露地热田是西藏那曲—尼木地热带上的典型水热型高温地热田,安全、经济和高效的钻井工艺技术很大程度上决定了其高温地热资源的可开发利用潜力。ZK401井是在谷露地热田实施的一口优质高产探采结合井,地层以花岗岩类为主,其岩石硬度大,机械钻速低,钻头使用寿命短。自上而下揭露多层热储,其35~41m即可揭露124.8℃中温地热流体,汽水总量约40 t·h^(-1);50~320 m揭露超过120℃的中温热储,汽水总量约30~35 t·h^(-1);320~1320 m揭露186.9℃高温热储,汽水总量高达348 t·h^(-1),具有热储埋深浅、温度高,断裂构造发育,地层出水量大的特点,高温及水侵作用致使钻井液极易失效,井喷风险大,安全钻井难。为解决上述钻井施工难点,进行了高温地热钻井关键技术研究。通过采用异形齿PDC钻头和岩石热裂提速技术,使单只异形齿PDC钻头进尺较同规格牙轮钻头提高了23%~48%,使三开井段花岗岩类地层的平均机械钻速提升至3.18 m·h^(-1)。通过优化井身结构,采用简易控压钻井技术,利用低温清水作为二开及三开钻进循环钻井液,达到了及时发现并有效保护热储层和控制井喷风险的目的;实现了ZK401井在520 m揭露186.9℃高温热储且汽水总量达348 t·h^(-1)苛刻条件下的安全、持续钻进,且非生产时间较采用常规钻井技术的邻井缩短了37%,极大地降低了钻井成本,提高了高温地热资源的可开发利用潜力。为后续该区域乃至其他地区解决高温地热井钻井施工提供参考。

乳清蛋白多孔态结构表征及其加工特性的改善

以乳清蛋白为原料,采用高静压技术处理,研究不同压强对乳清蛋白结构和性质的影响。结果表明:处理后的乳清蛋白从原有的空心球状结构改变为蜂窝状多孔有序结构。在300 MPa时Zeta电位的绝对值(-211.57 mV)和平均粒径(34.87μm)均为最小。无规卷曲向β-转角转化,β-转角含量由24.63%增至39.97%,无规卷曲含量由30.67%显著降至15.60%。游离巯基含量下降,二硫键含量从1.69μmol/g升至3.82μmol/g。荧光光谱结果显示:乳清蛋白在400 MPa时具有最佳的疏水性。经高静压处理的乳清蛋白的起泡性、乳化性、持水/油性及抗氧化性等加工特性有明显改善。乳清蛋白的起泡能力和乳化能力均在400 MPa时达到最佳值,起泡性最高达40.67%,乳化性最高达108.4 m2/g,持水/油率分别提高83.50%/144.52%,自由基清除能力从7.64%提高到14.15%。本研究为高静压技术在乳清蛋白产品开发方面的应用和性质提供参考。

高速精密压力机多杆机构弹性动力学研究

高速精密压力机机构运动精度是冲压产品质量关键影响因素,机构弹性动力学研究对提高冲压机构运动精度有重要意义。以高速压力机双滑块六杆机构为研究对象,基于弹性动力学理论建立多杆机构弹性变形分析数学模型,提出考虑弹性变形冲压机构运动精度求解方法。以梁单元作为等效单元,综合考虑了横向位移、纵向位移、转角位移以及曲率的影响,建立机构运动微分方程,利用实振型叠加法进行求解。最终确定构件弹性变形及其导致的下死点精度误差,同时获得弹性构件最大动应力。分析结果表明弹性变形是精密冲压机械运动精度主要影响因素,高速精密压力机弹性动力学研究对运动精度设计具有理论指导意义。

高阶变性Pascal蜗线齿轮生成机制分析

为满足多样性变速传动的设计要求,文章在研究Pascal蜗线非圆节曲线的基础上,通过引入高阶和变性原理,建立了高阶变性Pascal蜗线型非圆齿轮节曲线数学模型及其凹凸性判别公式。为分析高阶变性Pascal蜗线型非圆齿轮传动特性,利用MATLAB编写可视化设计分析平台,对影响高阶变性Pascal蜗线型非圆齿轮形状和传动特性的因素进行分析,为后续高阶变性Pascal蜗线型非圆齿轮的设计及应用提供了便捷的设计参考;将Pascal蜗线非圆齿轮驱动的曲柄滑块式压力机与对心曲柄滑块式压力机进行对比分析,验证了Pascal蜗线型非圆齿轮的优势和在实际应用中的可行性。

高海拔隧道喷浆出碴过程风速场及粉尘分布规律数值模拟研究

为明确气压等环境参数对粉尘运移的影响,掌握高海拔隧道空间重点产尘工序粉尘质量浓度分布,使用Fluent软件模拟隧道喷浆和出碴阶段风速场和粉尘质量浓度场,分析海拔对隧道空间内风流和粉尘质量浓度波动性的影响。通过曲线拟合风速场和粉尘质量浓度场的沿程分布,建立隧道粉尘质量浓度预测模型。引入风速不均匀度和粉尘质量浓度不均匀度参数,构建海拔与风速、粉尘质量浓度不均匀度的线性回归方程。研究结果表明:1)高海拔地区隧道通风过程中,粉尘运移速度接近风速所用时间相比平原地区较长;低海拔地区风流接近直线沿全断面流出隧道,随着海拔升高,风流覆盖范围逐渐缩小,风流在水平方向逐渐沿S型流出隧道。2)喷浆过程中,距掌子面40 m以内风速较高,40 m以外风速迅速下降,在距掌子面60~180 m均匀波动;隧道整体粉尘质量浓度随海拔上升而发生波动性变化,在距掌子面20~180 m均匀下降,呈近似线性降低。3)出碴过程中,海拔上升,断面平均风速和呼吸面平均粉尘质量浓度值无明显变化,风速不均匀度和粉尘质量浓度不均匀度逐渐呈线性升高;海拔每上升1 000 m,风速不均匀度上升0.156 m^(2)/s^(2),粉尘质量浓度不均匀度上升4.42×10^(-6)kg/m^(3)。