This study addresses the public concerns of potential adverse health effects from ambient fine particulate matter as well as socioeconomic factors. Heart attack, high blood pressure, and heart disease mortality rates ...This study addresses the public concerns of potential adverse health effects from ambient fine particulate matter as well as socioeconomic factors. Heart attack, high blood pressure, and heart disease mortality rates were investigated against fine particulate matter and socioeconomic status, for all counties in the United States in 2013. Multivariate multiple regressions as well as multivariate geostatistical predictions show that these are significant factors towards assessing the causal inferences between exposure to air pollution and socioeconomic status and the three mortality rates.展开更多
Performance of Mellapak 250Y and 350Y corrugated structured packing in distillation applications at pressures ranging from 0.3 to 2.0MPa is analysed by using HTU-NTU method. These data are obtained in a distillation c...Performance of Mellapak 250Y and 350Y corrugated structured packing in distillation applications at pressures ranging from 0.3 to 2.0MPa is analysed by using HTU-NTU method. These data are obtained in a distillation column with 0.15 m diameter op-erated with n-butane/n-pentane system at total reflux. In considering the axial backmixing effects, the height of an overall gas phase transfer unit, HTUOG , is divided into two parts. One part represents the height of an overall gas phase transfer unit, without backmixing, designated as*OGHTU, and the other part, designated as the height of a backmixing unit (HBUO), accounts for the backmixing effects. The HTUOG is evaluated from the measured concentration profile of n-butane in liquid phase. The HBUO obtained experimentally is correlated in terms of the properties of the materials being separated and the equivalent diameter of the structured packing. Our result shows that HBUO varies from 0.12 to 0.34 m as pressure increases from 1.0 to 1.9 MPa. It indicates that the overall efficiency of the structured packing decreases gradually at high pressure, as a result of the vapor backmixing.展开更多
The computation model of shape and crown on 4-high CVC mill was established by combining the stream surface strip element method for analyzing three-dimensional plastic deformation of strip and the influence coefficie...The computation model of shape and crown on 4-high CVC mill was established by combining the stream surface strip element method for analyzing three-dimensional plastic deformation of strip and the influence coefficient method for elastic deformation of rolls, and the simulation of the shape and crown control on 4-high CVC hot strip mill was conducted. The simulated results indicate that the influence of the shifting of CVC work roll on shape and crown is very large, and the shifting of work roll can be used to preset shape and crown. The influence of the bending force of work roll on shape and crown is smaller, and it is suitable to use the bending force of work roll for shape and crown adjustment on line. With the increase of strip width, the exit crown of strip increases firstly and decreases then, and the roll gap becomes smoother increasingly. Meanwhile, the transverse difference of front tension stress decreases firstly and increases then.展开更多
New structural and petrological data unveil a very complicated ductile deformation history of the Xiongdian-Suhe HP metamorphic unit, north-western Dabie Shan, central China. The fine-grained symplectic amphibolite-fa...New structural and petrological data unveil a very complicated ductile deformation history of the Xiongdian-Suhe HP metamorphic unit, north-western Dabie Shan, central China. The fine-grained symplectic amphibolite-facies assemblage and coronal structure enveloping eclogite-facies garnet, omphacite and phengite etc., representing strain-free decompression and retrogressive metamorphism, are considered as the main criteria to distinguish between the early-stage deformation under HP metamorphic conditions related to the continental deep subduction and collision, and the late-stage deformation under amphibolite to greenschist-facies conditions occurred in the post-eclogite exhumation processes. Two late-stages of widely developed, sequential ductile deformations D 3 and D 4, are recognized on the basis of penetrative fabrics and mineral aggregates in the Xiongdian-Suhe HP metamorphic unit, which shows clear, regionally, consistent overprinting relationships. D 3 fabrics are best preserved in the Suhe tract of low post-D 3 deformation intensity and characterized by steeply dipping layered mylonitic amphibolites associated with doubly vergent folds. They are attributed to a phase of tectonism linked to the initial exhumation of the HP rocks and involved crustal shortening with the development of upright structures and the widespread emplacement of garnet-bearing granites and felsic dikes. D 4 structures are attributed to the main episode of ductile extension (D 1 4) with a gently dipping foliation to the north and common intrafolial, recumbent folds in the Xiongdian tract, followed by normal sense top-to-the north ductile shearing (D 2 4) along an important tectonic boundary, the so-called Majiawa-Hexiwan fault (MHF), the westward continuation of the Balifan-Mozitan-Xiaotian fault (BMXF) of the northern Dabie Shan. It is indicated that the two stages of ductile deformation observed in the Xiongdian-Suhe HP metamorphic unit, reflecting the post-eclogite compressional or extrusion wedge formation, the subhorizontal ductile extension and crustal thinning as well as the top-to-the north shearing along the high-angle ductile shear zones responsible for exhumation of the HP unit as a coherent slab, are consistent with those recognized in the Dabie-Sulu UHP and HP metamorphic belts, suggesting that they were closely associated in time and space. The Xiongdian-Suhe HP metamorphic unit thus forms part of the Triassic (250-230 Ma) collision orogenic belt, and can not connect with the South Altun-North Qaidam-North Qinling UHP metamorphic belt formed during the Early Paleozoic (500-400 Ma).展开更多
为挖掘混合类型热电联产机组的节能潜力、降低发电成本,通过EBSILON软件搭建60MW双抽(double-extraction condensing unit,CC)-抽背(extraction condensing unit with a high back-pressure,CB)热电联产机组的仿真模型,研究该联合机组...为挖掘混合类型热电联产机组的节能潜力、降低发电成本,通过EBSILON软件搭建60MW双抽(double-extraction condensing unit,CC)-抽背(extraction condensing unit with a high back-pressure,CB)热电联产机组的仿真模型,研究该联合机组的运行特性并建立基于可解释增强机和鸟群算法的双抽-抽背热电联产机组负荷优化模型,最后以典型日热电负荷优化任务为例,给出双机热电负荷优化结果。结果表明:当保持双抽机组的中压流量不变,存在中压流量极限值10.39t/h,使低压流量与电功率的运行区域只受到最大主蒸汽流量、最小凝汽量以及最小主蒸汽流量的限制;存在中压流量极限值59.26t/h,使运行区域只受最大主蒸汽流量和最小凝汽量限制;当双机总中压流量一定时,双抽-抽背机组的联合运行区域可以用极限工况即抽背机组承担最大中压流量,双抽机组承担剩余中压流量来近似表示。该优化方法与热电负荷平均分配方案对比,典型日可以降低1148.58GJ热耗,发电标准煤耗率由212.10g/(kW·h)降低为209.05g/(kW·h),可以节省标煤3.05g/(kW·h)。展开更多
文摘This study addresses the public concerns of potential adverse health effects from ambient fine particulate matter as well as socioeconomic factors. Heart attack, high blood pressure, and heart disease mortality rates were investigated against fine particulate matter and socioeconomic status, for all counties in the United States in 2013. Multivariate multiple regressions as well as multivariate geostatistical predictions show that these are significant factors towards assessing the causal inferences between exposure to air pollution and socioeconomic status and the three mortality rates.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20136010).
文摘Performance of Mellapak 250Y and 350Y corrugated structured packing in distillation applications at pressures ranging from 0.3 to 2.0MPa is analysed by using HTU-NTU method. These data are obtained in a distillation column with 0.15 m diameter op-erated with n-butane/n-pentane system at total reflux. In considering the axial backmixing effects, the height of an overall gas phase transfer unit, HTUOG , is divided into two parts. One part represents the height of an overall gas phase transfer unit, without backmixing, designated as*OGHTU, and the other part, designated as the height of a backmixing unit (HBUO), accounts for the backmixing effects. The HTUOG is evaluated from the measured concentration profile of n-butane in liquid phase. The HBUO obtained experimentally is correlated in terms of the properties of the materials being separated and the equivalent diameter of the structured packing. Our result shows that HBUO varies from 0.12 to 0.34 m as pressure increases from 1.0 to 1.9 MPa. It indicates that the overall efficiency of the structured packing decreases gradually at high pressure, as a result of the vapor backmixing.
文摘The computation model of shape and crown on 4-high CVC mill was established by combining the stream surface strip element method for analyzing three-dimensional plastic deformation of strip and the influence coefficient method for elastic deformation of rolls, and the simulation of the shape and crown control on 4-high CVC hot strip mill was conducted. The simulated results indicate that the influence of the shifting of CVC work roll on shape and crown is very large, and the shifting of work roll can be used to preset shape and crown. The influence of the bending force of work roll on shape and crown is smaller, and it is suitable to use the bending force of work roll for shape and crown adjustment on line. With the increase of strip width, the exit crown of strip increases firstly and decreases then, and the roll gap becomes smoother increasingly. Meanwhile, the transverse difference of front tension stress decreases firstly and increases then.
文摘New structural and petrological data unveil a very complicated ductile deformation history of the Xiongdian-Suhe HP metamorphic unit, north-western Dabie Shan, central China. The fine-grained symplectic amphibolite-facies assemblage and coronal structure enveloping eclogite-facies garnet, omphacite and phengite etc., representing strain-free decompression and retrogressive metamorphism, are considered as the main criteria to distinguish between the early-stage deformation under HP metamorphic conditions related to the continental deep subduction and collision, and the late-stage deformation under amphibolite to greenschist-facies conditions occurred in the post-eclogite exhumation processes. Two late-stages of widely developed, sequential ductile deformations D 3 and D 4, are recognized on the basis of penetrative fabrics and mineral aggregates in the Xiongdian-Suhe HP metamorphic unit, which shows clear, regionally, consistent overprinting relationships. D 3 fabrics are best preserved in the Suhe tract of low post-D 3 deformation intensity and characterized by steeply dipping layered mylonitic amphibolites associated with doubly vergent folds. They are attributed to a phase of tectonism linked to the initial exhumation of the HP rocks and involved crustal shortening with the development of upright structures and the widespread emplacement of garnet-bearing granites and felsic dikes. D 4 structures are attributed to the main episode of ductile extension (D 1 4) with a gently dipping foliation to the north and common intrafolial, recumbent folds in the Xiongdian tract, followed by normal sense top-to-the north ductile shearing (D 2 4) along an important tectonic boundary, the so-called Majiawa-Hexiwan fault (MHF), the westward continuation of the Balifan-Mozitan-Xiaotian fault (BMXF) of the northern Dabie Shan. It is indicated that the two stages of ductile deformation observed in the Xiongdian-Suhe HP metamorphic unit, reflecting the post-eclogite compressional or extrusion wedge formation, the subhorizontal ductile extension and crustal thinning as well as the top-to-the north shearing along the high-angle ductile shear zones responsible for exhumation of the HP unit as a coherent slab, are consistent with those recognized in the Dabie-Sulu UHP and HP metamorphic belts, suggesting that they were closely associated in time and space. The Xiongdian-Suhe HP metamorphic unit thus forms part of the Triassic (250-230 Ma) collision orogenic belt, and can not connect with the South Altun-North Qaidam-North Qinling UHP metamorphic belt formed during the Early Paleozoic (500-400 Ma).
文摘为挖掘混合类型热电联产机组的节能潜力、降低发电成本,通过EBSILON软件搭建60MW双抽(double-extraction condensing unit,CC)-抽背(extraction condensing unit with a high back-pressure,CB)热电联产机组的仿真模型,研究该联合机组的运行特性并建立基于可解释增强机和鸟群算法的双抽-抽背热电联产机组负荷优化模型,最后以典型日热电负荷优化任务为例,给出双机热电负荷优化结果。结果表明:当保持双抽机组的中压流量不变,存在中压流量极限值10.39t/h,使低压流量与电功率的运行区域只受到最大主蒸汽流量、最小凝汽量以及最小主蒸汽流量的限制;存在中压流量极限值59.26t/h,使运行区域只受最大主蒸汽流量和最小凝汽量限制;当双机总中压流量一定时,双抽-抽背机组的联合运行区域可以用极限工况即抽背机组承担最大中压流量,双抽机组承担剩余中压流量来近似表示。该优化方法与热电负荷平均分配方案对比,典型日可以降低1148.58GJ热耗,发电标准煤耗率由212.10g/(kW·h)降低为209.05g/(kW·h),可以节省标煤3.05g/(kW·h)。
