Background: High protein (HP) diets are increasingly being recommended as one of the management strategies for weight control in overweight and obese individuals. The health benefits of high protein diets are well-est...Background: High protein (HP) diets are increasingly being recommended as one of the management strategies for weight control in overweight and obese individuals. The health benefits of high protein diets are well-established, but the mechanisms of action on body systems responsible for the changes in body weight and glycaemic control are not well-clear. Objective: The present study aimed to examine the effect of HP diets on the kidney functions of diabetic obese albino rats. Material and Methods: Eighty male adult male albino rats were used in this study. The animals were divided into eight equal groups (10 rats for each). Type 2 DM and obesity were induced. At the end of the 12 weeks, samples were collected for biochemical analysis. Results: The high protein diet led to significant decrease in BW, FI, BG, TC, LDL, TG, Lactate dehydrogenase, albumin, urine pH and urine citrate;while serum insulin, HDL, urea, creatinine, total protein, urine volume and urinary excretion of Ca were significantly higher in high protein diet groups. Conclusion: A high protein intake in diabetic obese albino rats for 12 weeks led to changes in the serum and urine levels of markers of renal function which indicated abnormalities in the functions of the kidney.展开更多
AIM: To determine whether high-protein, high-fat, and low-carbohydrate diets can cause lesions in rat livers.METHODS: We randomly divided 20 female Wistar rats into a control diet group and an experimental diet group....AIM: To determine whether high-protein, high-fat, and low-carbohydrate diets can cause lesions in rat livers.METHODS: We randomly divided 20 female Wistar rats into a control diet group and an experimental diet group. Animals in the control group received an AIN-93 M diet, and animals in the experimental group received an Atkins-based diet(59.46% protein, 31.77% fat, and 8.77% carbohydrate). After 8 wk, the rats were anesthetized and exsanguinated for transaminases analysis, and their livers were removed for flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and light microscopy studies. We expressed the data as mean ± standard deviation(sd) assuming unpaired and parametric data; we analyzed differences using the student's t-test. statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.RESULTS: We found that plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. According to flow cytometry, the percentages of nonviable cells were 11.67% ± 1.12% for early apoptosis, 12.07% ± 1.11% for late apoptosis, and 7.11% ± 0.44% for non-apoptotic death in the experimental diet group and 3.73% ± 0.50% for early apoptosis, 5.67% ± 0.72% for late apoptosis, and 3.82% ± 0.28% for non-apoptotic death in the control diet group. The mean percentage of early apoptosis was higher in the experimental diet group than in the control diet group. Immunohistochemistry for autophagy was negative in both groups. sinusoidal dilation around the central vein and small hepatocytes was only observed in the experimental diet group, and fibrosis was not identified by hematoxylin-eosin or Trichrome Masson staining in either group.CONCLUSION: Eight weeks of an experimental diet resulted in cellular and histopathological lesions in rat livers. Apoptosis was our principal finding; elevated plasma transaminases demonstrate hepatic lesions.展开更多
Objective: Idiopathic reactive hypoglycemia is defined as early postprandial hypoglycemia occurring on ingestion of high carbohydrate containing meal. Remission ensues with high protein low carbohydrate diet. This stu...Objective: Idiopathic reactive hypoglycemia is defined as early postprandial hypoglycemia occurring on ingestion of high carbohydrate containing meal. Remission ensues with high protein low carbohydrate diet. This study assessed roles of insulin and glucagon in its onset and remission. Methods: Plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon were determined after an overnight fast and repeatedly until 180 minutes on ingestion of 3 meals;100 g glucose;100 g pure protein liquid and mixture of 50 g each at 14 days’ interval. Five adults with IRH and 6 age matched healthy volunteers participated. Results: In IRH, glucose ingestion induced prompt rise in glucose (5.1 ± 0.8 to10.5 ± 1.2 mM/L) followed later by hypoglycemia (2.6 ± 0.4 mM/L). Insulin rose from 7 ± 2 to 90 ± 18 mU/L. Glucagon rose initially (10% ± 2%) from elevated basal concentration (373 ± 57 mU/L) followed by later decline (-43% ± 12%). On protein ingestion, glucose declined followed by a restoration to basal level while both insulin and glucagon rose (28 ± 6 mU/L;148% ± 38%, p < 0.01). However, insulin response was lower and glucagon rise was greater when compared to responses on glucose ingestion (p < 0.01). With mixed meal, glucose (8.2 ± 0.6 mM/L), insulin (65 ± 12 mU/L) and glucagon (48% ± 7%) responses were lesser than rises following glucose ingestion (p < 0.05) and hypoglycemia did not occur. Conclusion: In IRH, initial hyperglycemia on glucose ingestion may be exacerbated by paradoxical glucagon rise and hypoglycemia may be induced by increased insulin and declining glucagon responses. Resolution of hypoglycemia with high protein low carbohydrate diet may be attributed to blunting of insulin response and concurrent glucagon rise.展开更多
目的:采用高蛋白谷朊粉为主要原料制作面包作为小鼠饮食,观测低碳水高蛋白(low carbohydrate and high protein diet,LC-HP)饮食与高油、高糖饮食对小鼠血脂、免疫指标和肠道菌群的影响。方法:将健康的昆明种小鼠随机分为低碳水高蛋白...目的:采用高蛋白谷朊粉为主要原料制作面包作为小鼠饮食,观测低碳水高蛋白(low carbohydrate and high protein diet,LC-HP)饮食与高油、高糖饮食对小鼠血脂、免疫指标和肠道菌群的影响。方法:将健康的昆明种小鼠随机分为低碳水高蛋白组(A组,碳水化合物CHO 11.41%,蛋白质Pr 39.18%)、对照组(B组,CHO 47.4%,Pr 9.6%)、高油组(C组,CHO 51.4%,Pr 8.5%)、高糖组(D组,CHO 60.6%,Pr 7.3%),每组10只,雌雄各半,试验期28 d。每7 d称量小鼠体重,试验期末测定脏器系数,检测血清中甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)水平、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor,TNF-α)、血清白细胞介素6(interleukin 6,IL-6);16S rDNA测序检测小鼠粪便样本中菌群的变化。结果:A组小鼠体重增长率显著低于C组和D组(P<0.05);A组小鼠总TG、TC水平显著低于其它三组(P<0.05),A组小鼠LDL-C水平显著低于C、D组(P<0.05),A组小鼠HDL-C水平显著高于D组(P<0.05);A组免疫器官系数高于其它三组但无显著性;A组小鼠血清TNF-α、IL-6水平显著高于C、D组(P<0.05);A组反映肠道中微生物群落的丰富性和多样性的ACE、Chao1和Shannon指数均高于其他三组,且有益菌相对丰度显著(P<0.05)增加。结论:小鼠进食低碳水面包,与进食普通面包和进食高糖高油面包比较,能够降低体重增长率和血脂水平,调节免疫指标,改善肠道菌群组成,且确证了面包高糖比高油的健康不利影响更大。展开更多
【目的】研究硒对摄食高植物蛋白饲料大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus L.)幼鱼肝肠健康的影响,为降低低鱼粉饲料对鱼体肝肠健康的不利影响提供依据。【方法】以初始体质量(30.79±0.22)g的大菱鲆为研究对象,以鱼粉质量分数55%的饲料组...【目的】研究硒对摄食高植物蛋白饲料大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus L.)幼鱼肝肠健康的影响,为降低低鱼粉饲料对鱼体肝肠健康的不利影响提供依据。【方法】以初始体质量(30.79±0.22)g的大菱鲆为研究对象,以鱼粉质量分数55%的饲料组为正对照组(DP),以质量分数27.6%混合植物蛋白替代质量分数30%鱼粉为负对照组(DN),分别在低鱼粉中添加0.3(D1)、0.6(D2)、1.2(D3)、2.4(D4)、4.8(D5)mg/kg亚硒酸钠,以肝脏和肠道生理生化指标、肠道形态结构及肠道菌群结构等指标评价硒对大菱鲆幼鱼肝脏和肠道健康的影响。实验养殖周期52 d。【结果】1)与DP组相比,DN组显著降低大菱鲆肝脏和肠道总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、总超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物(GSH-PX)酶活性(P<0.05);低鱼粉饲料中添加亚硒酸钠均可以不同程度提升上述所有指标,并降低丙二醛(MDA)含量(P<0.05)。2)与DP组相比,DN组显著提高了大菱鲆幼鱼肝脏肝糖原和脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)含量(P<0.05),而FAS含量则在D1-D5组显著低于DN组(P<0.05)。幼鱼肝脏SE-P含量在D2和D5组显著高于DN组(P<0.05)。3)0.3~1.2 mg/kg亚硒酸钠可抑制由低鱼粉引起的pat1、lzm和gst的mRNA表达水平的下调和前肠皱襞高度和黏膜厚度的降低,并可以显著提高肠道胰蛋白酶活性、脂肪酶活性和淀粉酶活性(P<0.05)。4)低鱼粉组肠道微生物组成的丰度和多样性显著降低,而亚硒酸钠组则可以明显改善这些不良现象,并可提升有益菌丰度,降低致病菌丰度。【结论】亚硒酸钠可缓解高植物蛋白饲料对大菱鲆造成的免疫下降、肠道组织结构破坏、消化功能下降及肠道菌群紊乱等不良影响。在低鱼粉饲料中亚硒酸钠的建议添加剂量为0.6~2.4 mg/kg。展开更多
Objectives To evaluate the effects of different diets on the risk of metabolic syndrome.Methods Five groups of female SD rats were fed a normal control(NC)diet,a high-protein(HP)diet,a high-fat diet(HF),a combination ...Objectives To evaluate the effects of different diets on the risk of metabolic syndrome.Methods Five groups of female SD rats were fed a normal control(NC)diet,a high-protein(HP)diet,a high-fat diet(HF),a combination high-fat and high-protein diet(HF+HP)or a high-fat with cholesterol diet(HF+CHO),and the changes in body weight,insulin sensitivity and blood biochemical parameters were examined.Results The HF and HF+CHO diets resulted in an increase in body insulin resistance,high blood TG,high blood cholesterol and high blood LDL,with the HF+CHO resulting in larger changes than the HF diet.Furthermore,the HF+CHO diet led to a decrease in HDL,making it the most dangerous diet.However,the HF+HP diet also led to increased blood sugar and some insulin resistance.Conclusions Our findings indicate that the levels of fat and cholesterol should be carefully considered in future diet formulations for patients with or at risk of metabolic syndrome.A high protein diet may reduce the risk of insulin resistance and serum lipid level elevation,but its effects on kidney function remain unknown.展开更多
AIM To study the effects of different diets on intestinal microbiota and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) development at the same caloric intake.METHODS Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into five...AIM To study the effects of different diets on intestinal microbiota and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) development at the same caloric intake.METHODS Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into five groups(six rats each). The control diet(CON) group and free high-fat diet(FFAT) group were allowed ad libitum access to a normal chow diet and a highfat diet, respectively. The restrictive high-fat diet(RFAT) group, restrictive high-sugar diet(RSUG) group, and high-protein diet(PRO) group were fed a highfat diet, a high-sugar diet, and a high-protein diet, respectively, in an isocaloric way. All rats were killed at 12 wk. Body weight, visceral fat index(visceral fat/body weight), liver index(liver/body weight), insulin resistance, portal lipopolysaccharide(LPS), serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT), serum aspartate aminotransferase(AST), and liver triglycerides were measured. The intestinal microbiota in the different groups of rats was sequenced using high-throughput sequencing technology.RESULTS The FFAT group had higher body weight, visceral fat index, liver index, peripheral insulin resistance, portal LPS, serum ALT, serum AST, and liver triglycerides compared with all other groups(P < 0.05). Taking the same calories, the RFAT and RSUG groups demonstrated increased body weight, visceral fat index, peripheral insulin resistance and liver triglycerides compared with the PRO group(P < 0.05). The RFAT group also showed increased portal LPS compared with the PRO group(P < 0.05). Unweighted Uni Frac principal coordinates analysis of the sequencing data revealed that the intestinal microbiota structures of the CON, FFAT, RSUG and PRO groups were roughly separated away from each other. Taxon-based analysis showed that, compared with the CON group, the FFAT group had an increased abundance of Firmicutes, Roseburia and Oscillospira bacteria, a higher ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, and a decreased abundance of Bacteroidetes, Bacteroides and Parabacteroides bacteria(P < 0.05). The RFAT group showed an increased abundance of Firmicutes and decreased abundance of Parabacteroides bacteria(P < 0.05). The RSUG group showed an increased abundance of Bacteroidetes and Sutterella bacteria, higher ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes, and a decreased abundance of Firmicutes(P < 0.05). The PRO group showed an increased abundance of Bacteroidetes, Prevotella, Oscillospira and Sutterella bacteria, and a decreased abundance of Firmicutes(P < 0.05). Compared with the FFAT group, the RFAT group had an increased abundance of Bacteroidetes, higher ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes, and decreased abundance of Firmicutes and Oscillospira bacteria(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION Compared with the high-protein diet, the NAFLDinducing effects of high-fat and high-sugar diets are independent from calories, and may be associated with changed intestinal microbiota.展开更多
BACKGROUND Reduced level of physical activity,high-fat diet and skeletal muscle atrophy are key factors that are likely to contribute to deleterious changes in body composition and metabolic following spinal cord inju...BACKGROUND Reduced level of physical activity,high-fat diet and skeletal muscle atrophy are key factors that are likely to contribute to deleterious changes in body composition and metabolic following spinal cord injury (SCI).Reduced caloric intake with lowering percentage macronutrients of fat and increasing protein intake may likely to improve body composition parameters and decrease ectopic adiposity after SCI.AIM To highlight the effects of dietary manipulation and testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) on body composition after SCI METHODS A 31-year-old male with T5 SCI was administered transdermal TRT daily for 16 wk.Caloric intake and percentage macronutrients were analyzed using dietary recalls.Magnetic resonance imaging and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry were used to measure changes in body composition.RESULTS Caloric intake and fat percentage were reduced by 445 kcal/d and 6.5%,respectively.Total body weight decreased by 8%,body fat decreased by 29%,and lean mass increased by 7%.Thigh subcutaneous adipose tissue cross-sectional area was reduced by 31%.CONCLUSION Manipulation of caloric intake,fat percentage,and protein percentage may have influenced body composition after SCI.展开更多
目的:研究高蛋白日粮对高脂诱导的肥胖小鼠脂代谢昼夜节律紊乱的调节作用。方法:120只SPF级C57BL/6J小鼠随机分成正常组、高脂组和高脂高蛋白组。干预第4周和第12周时监测小鼠活体代谢状态,饲养结束后分别于2时、8时、14时和20时处死小...目的:研究高蛋白日粮对高脂诱导的肥胖小鼠脂代谢昼夜节律紊乱的调节作用。方法:120只SPF级C57BL/6J小鼠随机分成正常组、高脂组和高脂高蛋白组。干预第4周和第12周时监测小鼠活体代谢状态,饲养结束后分别于2时、8时、14时和20时处死小鼠,测定血脂和肝脂水平以及肝脏脂肪合成与分解代谢和生物钟相关基因的表达并分析昼夜节律变化规律。结果:高脂饲喂能够引起小鼠体质量和肥胖指数增加,活动期自主活动量和热量消耗减少。同时,伴随着血脂紊乱及肝脏脂质水平异常升高,具体表现为肝脏脂肪合成代谢关键酶乙酰辅酶A羧化酶和脂肪酸合成酶基因在活动期和休息期持续高水平表达,而脂肪分解代谢关键酶激素敏感性脂酶和乙酰辅酶A氧化酶基因表达量升高缓慢,昼夜差异规律改变。与高脂干预相比,高蛋白干预可明显增加活动期自主活动量和能量消耗,恢复脂肪合成酶基因活动期高、休息期低的表达节律,脂肪分解代谢关键酶基因ACOX亦在摄食后高水平表达,表现出明显的昼夜节律。进一步分析表明,高蛋白干预改善高脂所致的脂代谢节律紊乱与调节肝脏时钟基因即昼夜节律运动输出周期故障蛋白(circadian locomotor output cycle kaput,CLOCK)与脑和肌肉芳香烃受体核转运体样蛋白1(brain and muscle-Arnt-like protein 1,BMAL1)基因的表达密切相关。结论:高蛋白膳食可以缓解高脂饮食引起的肝脏生物钟紊乱,通过稳定昼夜节律改善小鼠肝脏脂代谢紊乱。展开更多
文摘Background: High protein (HP) diets are increasingly being recommended as one of the management strategies for weight control in overweight and obese individuals. The health benefits of high protein diets are well-established, but the mechanisms of action on body systems responsible for the changes in body weight and glycaemic control are not well-clear. Objective: The present study aimed to examine the effect of HP diets on the kidney functions of diabetic obese albino rats. Material and Methods: Eighty male adult male albino rats were used in this study. The animals were divided into eight equal groups (10 rats for each). Type 2 DM and obesity were induced. At the end of the 12 weeks, samples were collected for biochemical analysis. Results: The high protein diet led to significant decrease in BW, FI, BG, TC, LDL, TG, Lactate dehydrogenase, albumin, urine pH and urine citrate;while serum insulin, HDL, urea, creatinine, total protein, urine volume and urinary excretion of Ca were significantly higher in high protein diet groups. Conclusion: A high protein intake in diabetic obese albino rats for 12 weeks led to changes in the serum and urine levels of markers of renal function which indicated abnormalities in the functions of the kidney.
文摘AIM: To determine whether high-protein, high-fat, and low-carbohydrate diets can cause lesions in rat livers.METHODS: We randomly divided 20 female Wistar rats into a control diet group and an experimental diet group. Animals in the control group received an AIN-93 M diet, and animals in the experimental group received an Atkins-based diet(59.46% protein, 31.77% fat, and 8.77% carbohydrate). After 8 wk, the rats were anesthetized and exsanguinated for transaminases analysis, and their livers were removed for flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and light microscopy studies. We expressed the data as mean ± standard deviation(sd) assuming unpaired and parametric data; we analyzed differences using the student's t-test. statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.RESULTS: We found that plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. According to flow cytometry, the percentages of nonviable cells were 11.67% ± 1.12% for early apoptosis, 12.07% ± 1.11% for late apoptosis, and 7.11% ± 0.44% for non-apoptotic death in the experimental diet group and 3.73% ± 0.50% for early apoptosis, 5.67% ± 0.72% for late apoptosis, and 3.82% ± 0.28% for non-apoptotic death in the control diet group. The mean percentage of early apoptosis was higher in the experimental diet group than in the control diet group. Immunohistochemistry for autophagy was negative in both groups. sinusoidal dilation around the central vein and small hepatocytes was only observed in the experimental diet group, and fibrosis was not identified by hematoxylin-eosin or Trichrome Masson staining in either group.CONCLUSION: Eight weeks of an experimental diet resulted in cellular and histopathological lesions in rat livers. Apoptosis was our principal finding; elevated plasma transaminases demonstrate hepatic lesions.
文摘Objective: Idiopathic reactive hypoglycemia is defined as early postprandial hypoglycemia occurring on ingestion of high carbohydrate containing meal. Remission ensues with high protein low carbohydrate diet. This study assessed roles of insulin and glucagon in its onset and remission. Methods: Plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon were determined after an overnight fast and repeatedly until 180 minutes on ingestion of 3 meals;100 g glucose;100 g pure protein liquid and mixture of 50 g each at 14 days’ interval. Five adults with IRH and 6 age matched healthy volunteers participated. Results: In IRH, glucose ingestion induced prompt rise in glucose (5.1 ± 0.8 to10.5 ± 1.2 mM/L) followed later by hypoglycemia (2.6 ± 0.4 mM/L). Insulin rose from 7 ± 2 to 90 ± 18 mU/L. Glucagon rose initially (10% ± 2%) from elevated basal concentration (373 ± 57 mU/L) followed by later decline (-43% ± 12%). On protein ingestion, glucose declined followed by a restoration to basal level while both insulin and glucagon rose (28 ± 6 mU/L;148% ± 38%, p < 0.01). However, insulin response was lower and glucagon rise was greater when compared to responses on glucose ingestion (p < 0.01). With mixed meal, glucose (8.2 ± 0.6 mM/L), insulin (65 ± 12 mU/L) and glucagon (48% ± 7%) responses were lesser than rises following glucose ingestion (p < 0.05) and hypoglycemia did not occur. Conclusion: In IRH, initial hyperglycemia on glucose ingestion may be exacerbated by paradoxical glucagon rise and hypoglycemia may be induced by increased insulin and declining glucagon responses. Resolution of hypoglycemia with high protein low carbohydrate diet may be attributed to blunting of insulin response and concurrent glucagon rise.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NO.81501226,81170814,81370881).
文摘Objectives To evaluate the effects of different diets on the risk of metabolic syndrome.Methods Five groups of female SD rats were fed a normal control(NC)diet,a high-protein(HP)diet,a high-fat diet(HF),a combination high-fat and high-protein diet(HF+HP)or a high-fat with cholesterol diet(HF+CHO),and the changes in body weight,insulin sensitivity and blood biochemical parameters were examined.Results The HF and HF+CHO diets resulted in an increase in body insulin resistance,high blood TG,high blood cholesterol and high blood LDL,with the HF+CHO resulting in larger changes than the HF diet.Furthermore,the HF+CHO diet led to a decrease in HDL,making it the most dangerous diet.However,the HF+HP diet also led to increased blood sugar and some insulin resistance.Conclusions Our findings indicate that the levels of fat and cholesterol should be carefully considered in future diet formulations for patients with or at risk of metabolic syndrome.A high protein diet may reduce the risk of insulin resistance and serum lipid level elevation,but its effects on kidney function remain unknown.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81300270
文摘AIM To study the effects of different diets on intestinal microbiota and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) development at the same caloric intake.METHODS Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into five groups(six rats each). The control diet(CON) group and free high-fat diet(FFAT) group were allowed ad libitum access to a normal chow diet and a highfat diet, respectively. The restrictive high-fat diet(RFAT) group, restrictive high-sugar diet(RSUG) group, and high-protein diet(PRO) group were fed a highfat diet, a high-sugar diet, and a high-protein diet, respectively, in an isocaloric way. All rats were killed at 12 wk. Body weight, visceral fat index(visceral fat/body weight), liver index(liver/body weight), insulin resistance, portal lipopolysaccharide(LPS), serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT), serum aspartate aminotransferase(AST), and liver triglycerides were measured. The intestinal microbiota in the different groups of rats was sequenced using high-throughput sequencing technology.RESULTS The FFAT group had higher body weight, visceral fat index, liver index, peripheral insulin resistance, portal LPS, serum ALT, serum AST, and liver triglycerides compared with all other groups(P < 0.05). Taking the same calories, the RFAT and RSUG groups demonstrated increased body weight, visceral fat index, peripheral insulin resistance and liver triglycerides compared with the PRO group(P < 0.05). The RFAT group also showed increased portal LPS compared with the PRO group(P < 0.05). Unweighted Uni Frac principal coordinates analysis of the sequencing data revealed that the intestinal microbiota structures of the CON, FFAT, RSUG and PRO groups were roughly separated away from each other. Taxon-based analysis showed that, compared with the CON group, the FFAT group had an increased abundance of Firmicutes, Roseburia and Oscillospira bacteria, a higher ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, and a decreased abundance of Bacteroidetes, Bacteroides and Parabacteroides bacteria(P < 0.05). The RFAT group showed an increased abundance of Firmicutes and decreased abundance of Parabacteroides bacteria(P < 0.05). The RSUG group showed an increased abundance of Bacteroidetes and Sutterella bacteria, higher ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes, and a decreased abundance of Firmicutes(P < 0.05). The PRO group showed an increased abundance of Bacteroidetes, Prevotella, Oscillospira and Sutterella bacteria, and a decreased abundance of Firmicutes(P < 0.05). Compared with the FFAT group, the RFAT group had an increased abundance of Bacteroidetes, higher ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes, and decreased abundance of Firmicutes and Oscillospira bacteria(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION Compared with the high-protein diet, the NAFLDinducing effects of high-fat and high-sugar diets are independent from calories, and may be associated with changed intestinal microbiota.
基金Supported by Department of Veteran Affairs,Veteran Health Administration,Rehabilitation Research and Development Service,No.1IK2RX000732-01A1
文摘BACKGROUND Reduced level of physical activity,high-fat diet and skeletal muscle atrophy are key factors that are likely to contribute to deleterious changes in body composition and metabolic following spinal cord injury (SCI).Reduced caloric intake with lowering percentage macronutrients of fat and increasing protein intake may likely to improve body composition parameters and decrease ectopic adiposity after SCI.AIM To highlight the effects of dietary manipulation and testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) on body composition after SCI METHODS A 31-year-old male with T5 SCI was administered transdermal TRT daily for 16 wk.Caloric intake and percentage macronutrients were analyzed using dietary recalls.Magnetic resonance imaging and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry were used to measure changes in body composition.RESULTS Caloric intake and fat percentage were reduced by 445 kcal/d and 6.5%,respectively.Total body weight decreased by 8%,body fat decreased by 29%,and lean mass increased by 7%.Thigh subcutaneous adipose tissue cross-sectional area was reduced by 31%.CONCLUSION Manipulation of caloric intake,fat percentage,and protein percentage may have influenced body composition after SCI.
文摘目的:研究高蛋白日粮对高脂诱导的肥胖小鼠脂代谢昼夜节律紊乱的调节作用。方法:120只SPF级C57BL/6J小鼠随机分成正常组、高脂组和高脂高蛋白组。干预第4周和第12周时监测小鼠活体代谢状态,饲养结束后分别于2时、8时、14时和20时处死小鼠,测定血脂和肝脂水平以及肝脏脂肪合成与分解代谢和生物钟相关基因的表达并分析昼夜节律变化规律。结果:高脂饲喂能够引起小鼠体质量和肥胖指数增加,活动期自主活动量和热量消耗减少。同时,伴随着血脂紊乱及肝脏脂质水平异常升高,具体表现为肝脏脂肪合成代谢关键酶乙酰辅酶A羧化酶和脂肪酸合成酶基因在活动期和休息期持续高水平表达,而脂肪分解代谢关键酶激素敏感性脂酶和乙酰辅酶A氧化酶基因表达量升高缓慢,昼夜差异规律改变。与高脂干预相比,高蛋白干预可明显增加活动期自主活动量和能量消耗,恢复脂肪合成酶基因活动期高、休息期低的表达节律,脂肪分解代谢关键酶基因ACOX亦在摄食后高水平表达,表现出明显的昼夜节律。进一步分析表明,高蛋白干预改善高脂所致的脂代谢节律紊乱与调节肝脏时钟基因即昼夜节律运动输出周期故障蛋白(circadian locomotor output cycle kaput,CLOCK)与脑和肌肉芳香烃受体核转运体样蛋白1(brain and muscle-Arnt-like protein 1,BMAL1)基因的表达密切相关。结论:高蛋白膳食可以缓解高脂饮食引起的肝脏生物钟紊乱,通过稳定昼夜节律改善小鼠肝脏脂代谢紊乱。
