Modern computer techniques have been in use for several years to generate three-dimensional visualizations of human anatomy. Very good 3-D computer models of the human body are now available and used routinely in anat...Modern computer techniques have been in use for several years to generate three-dimensional visualizations of human anatomy. Very good 3-D computer models of the human body are now available and used routinely in anatomy instruction. These techniques are subsumed under the heading “virtual anatomy” to distinguish them from the conventional study of anatomy entailing cadavers and anatomy textbooks. Moreover, other imaging procedures (X-ray, angiography, CT and MR) are also used in virtual anatomy instruction. A recently introduced three-dimensional post-processing technique named Cinematic Rendering now makes it possible to use the output of routine CT and MR examinations as the basis for highly photo-realistic 3-D depictions of human anatomy. We have installed Cinematic Rendering (enabled for stereoscopy) in a high-definition 8K 3-D projection space that accommodates an audience of 150. The space’s projection surface measures 16 × 9 meters;images can be projected on both the front wall and the floor. A game controller can be used to operate Cinematic Rendering software so that it can generate interactive real-time depictions of human anatomy on the basis of CT and MR data sets. This prototype installation was implemented without technical problems;in day-to-day, real-world use over a period of 22 months, there were no impairments of service due to software crashes or other technical problems. We are already employing this installation routinely for educational offerings open to the public, courses for students in the health professions, and (continuing) professional education units for medical interns, residents and specialists—in, so to speak, the dissecting theater of the future.展开更多
COVID-19 which is caused by its new type called SARS-CoV-2 is a viral disease predominantly involving the lungs. <b>Objective:</b> To investigate HRCT features of pulmonary disease in COVID-19 in Lahore, P...COVID-19 which is caused by its new type called SARS-CoV-2 is a viral disease predominantly involving the lungs. <b>Objective:</b> To investigate HRCT features of pulmonary disease in COVID-19 in Lahore, Pakistan. <b>Methods:</b> This is a prospective study that involved 127 COVID-19 positive patients (age 18 - 80 years, both genders) through non-probability sampling was conducted at the Radiology Department, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore, in 2021. All patients with RT-PCR positive underwent HRCT chest. All findings in HRCT chest were assessed. Confirmed patients had positive HRCT. Excluded situations are low quality of images irrespective of its reason, HRCT indications other than COVID-19 pneumonia, and patients who do not want to participate in the study <b>Results:</b> Considering the exclusion and inclusion criteria, totally 127 COVID-19 confirmed patients ranging age from 18 to 80 years with a mean age of 52 ± 18 years, took part in this study. The most important and common HRCT finding was the multilobar ground-glass pattern which was present in 95% of patients. Other findings including, crazy paving pattern, consolidation, air bronchogram, and bronchiectasis were present in 8.7%, 82%, 63%, and 37% of patients respectively. Pleural effusion seen in 21% patients. 16% of patients had mediastinal lymphadenopathy. <b>Conclusion:</b> In our study, the ground-glass pattern was found to be the most common and important HRCT finding in patients confirmed with COVID-19 pneumonia. This important HRCT pattern is mostly found to be in posterobasal and peripheral subpleural locations. Other than ground-glass pattern, bronchiectasis, and consolidation having the air bronchogram were also reported commonly.展开更多
Background: The use of chest imaging in COVID-19 can be especially useful for patients with moderate to severe symptoms or comorbidities. Objective: This study aimed to demonstrate the high resolution computed tomogra...Background: The use of chest imaging in COVID-19 can be especially useful for patients with moderate to severe symptoms or comorbidities. Objective: This study aimed to demonstrate the high resolution computed tomography (CT) findings observed among the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients presented with pneumonia and to reveal the most frequent infiltration and distribution patterns of the disease. Methodology: This was a retrospective study. This study was performed in the Department of Radiology & Imaging at Kurmitola General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. This was the first dedicated COVID-19 hospital with a bed capacity of 500 and well-equipped ICU facilities. The recorded HRCT scan data were collected in the period from April 2020 up to May 2020 during the first wave of COVID-19 in Bangladesh. As this was a retrospective study, verbal or written consent was not obtained from all potential participants or guardians. The available demographic data as well as the medical history of all data were collected and thoroughly reviewed from the record book. These patients were RT-PCR confirmed cases of COVID-19 patients presented with pneumonia and were admitted to Kurmitola General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. All these patients underwent HRCT scans of the chest. Result: A total number of 155 COVID-19 patients with HRCT scan were evaluated. The mean age with SD of the study population was 58.03 ± 14.08 years with the range of 22 to 97 years. The male and female ratio was 2.04:1. Fibrosis of the lungs and thickening of pleura were found in 38 (24.5%) cases and 33 (21.3%) cases respectively. The involvement of both lungs was found in 32 (20.6%) cases. The presence of pneumonitis and bronchiectasis were detected in 77 (49.7%) cases and 5 (3.2%) cases respectively. Left-sided mild pleural effusion was also noted in 6 (3.9%) cases. Ground glass opacity was found in different forms. The most common form was the presence of only ground glass opacities which was 63 (40.6%) cases. Bilateral ground-glass opacities were detected in 63 (40.6%) cases. Conclusion: In conclusion, HRCT scan of the chest shows the bilateral ground-glass opacities and fibrosis of the lungs with pneumonitis in most of the COVID-19 hospital admitted patients.展开更多
文摘Modern computer techniques have been in use for several years to generate three-dimensional visualizations of human anatomy. Very good 3-D computer models of the human body are now available and used routinely in anatomy instruction. These techniques are subsumed under the heading “virtual anatomy” to distinguish them from the conventional study of anatomy entailing cadavers and anatomy textbooks. Moreover, other imaging procedures (X-ray, angiography, CT and MR) are also used in virtual anatomy instruction. A recently introduced three-dimensional post-processing technique named Cinematic Rendering now makes it possible to use the output of routine CT and MR examinations as the basis for highly photo-realistic 3-D depictions of human anatomy. We have installed Cinematic Rendering (enabled for stereoscopy) in a high-definition 8K 3-D projection space that accommodates an audience of 150. The space’s projection surface measures 16 × 9 meters;images can be projected on both the front wall and the floor. A game controller can be used to operate Cinematic Rendering software so that it can generate interactive real-time depictions of human anatomy on the basis of CT and MR data sets. This prototype installation was implemented without technical problems;in day-to-day, real-world use over a period of 22 months, there were no impairments of service due to software crashes or other technical problems. We are already employing this installation routinely for educational offerings open to the public, courses for students in the health professions, and (continuing) professional education units for medical interns, residents and specialists—in, so to speak, the dissecting theater of the future.
文摘COVID-19 which is caused by its new type called SARS-CoV-2 is a viral disease predominantly involving the lungs. <b>Objective:</b> To investigate HRCT features of pulmonary disease in COVID-19 in Lahore, Pakistan. <b>Methods:</b> This is a prospective study that involved 127 COVID-19 positive patients (age 18 - 80 years, both genders) through non-probability sampling was conducted at the Radiology Department, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore, in 2021. All patients with RT-PCR positive underwent HRCT chest. All findings in HRCT chest were assessed. Confirmed patients had positive HRCT. Excluded situations are low quality of images irrespective of its reason, HRCT indications other than COVID-19 pneumonia, and patients who do not want to participate in the study <b>Results:</b> Considering the exclusion and inclusion criteria, totally 127 COVID-19 confirmed patients ranging age from 18 to 80 years with a mean age of 52 ± 18 years, took part in this study. The most important and common HRCT finding was the multilobar ground-glass pattern which was present in 95% of patients. Other findings including, crazy paving pattern, consolidation, air bronchogram, and bronchiectasis were present in 8.7%, 82%, 63%, and 37% of patients respectively. Pleural effusion seen in 21% patients. 16% of patients had mediastinal lymphadenopathy. <b>Conclusion:</b> In our study, the ground-glass pattern was found to be the most common and important HRCT finding in patients confirmed with COVID-19 pneumonia. This important HRCT pattern is mostly found to be in posterobasal and peripheral subpleural locations. Other than ground-glass pattern, bronchiectasis, and consolidation having the air bronchogram were also reported commonly.
文摘Background: The use of chest imaging in COVID-19 can be especially useful for patients with moderate to severe symptoms or comorbidities. Objective: This study aimed to demonstrate the high resolution computed tomography (CT) findings observed among the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients presented with pneumonia and to reveal the most frequent infiltration and distribution patterns of the disease. Methodology: This was a retrospective study. This study was performed in the Department of Radiology & Imaging at Kurmitola General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. This was the first dedicated COVID-19 hospital with a bed capacity of 500 and well-equipped ICU facilities. The recorded HRCT scan data were collected in the period from April 2020 up to May 2020 during the first wave of COVID-19 in Bangladesh. As this was a retrospective study, verbal or written consent was not obtained from all potential participants or guardians. The available demographic data as well as the medical history of all data were collected and thoroughly reviewed from the record book. These patients were RT-PCR confirmed cases of COVID-19 patients presented with pneumonia and were admitted to Kurmitola General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. All these patients underwent HRCT scans of the chest. Result: A total number of 155 COVID-19 patients with HRCT scan were evaluated. The mean age with SD of the study population was 58.03 ± 14.08 years with the range of 22 to 97 years. The male and female ratio was 2.04:1. Fibrosis of the lungs and thickening of pleura were found in 38 (24.5%) cases and 33 (21.3%) cases respectively. The involvement of both lungs was found in 32 (20.6%) cases. The presence of pneumonitis and bronchiectasis were detected in 77 (49.7%) cases and 5 (3.2%) cases respectively. Left-sided mild pleural effusion was also noted in 6 (3.9%) cases. Ground glass opacity was found in different forms. The most common form was the presence of only ground glass opacities which was 63 (40.6%) cases. Bilateral ground-glass opacities were detected in 63 (40.6%) cases. Conclusion: In conclusion, HRCT scan of the chest shows the bilateral ground-glass opacities and fibrosis of the lungs with pneumonitis in most of the COVID-19 hospital admitted patients.
