The Extended Hybrid Carrier-Based Multiple Access Technology for High Mobility Scenarios

The hybrid carrier(HC)system rooted in the carrier fusion concept is gradually garnering attention.In this paper,we study the extended hybrid carrier(EHC)multiple access scheme to ensure reliable wireless communication.By employing the EHC modulation,a power layered multiplexing framework is realized,which exhibits enhanced interference suppression capability owing to the more uniform energy distribution design.The implementation method and advantage mechanism are explicated respectively for the uplink and downlink,and the performance analysis under varying channel conditions is provided.In addition,considering the connectivity demand,we explore the non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)method of the EHC system and develop the EHC sparse code multiple access scheme.The proposed scheme melds the energy spread superiority of EHC with the access capacity of NOMA,facilitating superior support for massive connectivity in high mobility environments.Simulation results have verified the feasibility and advantages of the proposed scheme.Compared with existing HC multiple access schemes,the proposed scheme exhibits robust bit error rate performance and can better guarantee multiple access performance in complex scenarios of nextgeneration communications.

Fabrication of UV-Curing Linalool-Polysiloxane Hybrid Films with High Refractive Index and Transparency

In this article,a series of high refractive indices(1.50-1.53)thiol phenyl polysiloxane(TPS)were synthesized via hydrolytic sol-gel reaction.The Fourier transform infrared spectra(FT-IR)and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra(NMR)results showed that TPS conformed to the predicted structures.Natural terpene linalool was exploited as photocrosslinker to fabricate UV-curing linalool-polysiloxane hybrid films(LPH)with TPS via photoinitiated thiol-ene reaction.LPH rapidly cured under UV irradiation at the intensity of 80 mW/cm^(2) in 30 s,exhibiting good UV-curing properties.The optical transmittance of LPH in the wavelength of 300-800 nm was over 90%,exhibiting good optical transparency.The water contact angle and water vapor permeability results showed that the introduction of phenyl groups enhance the hydrophobicity and water vapor barrier properties of LPH.The results indicated the potential of LPHs in the applications of optical functional coatings.

Highly Sensitive Detection of Deoxyribonucleic Acid Hybridization Using Au-Gated AlInN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistor-Based Sensors

Gallium nitride- （GaN） based high electron mobility transistors （HEMTs） provide a good platform for biological detection. In this work, both Au-gated AlInN/GaN HEMT and AlGaN/GaN HEMT biosensors are fabricated for the detection of deoxyribonucleic acid （DNA） hybridization. The Au-gated AIInN/GaN HEMT biosensor exhibits higher sensitivity in comparison with the AlGaN/GaN HEMT biosensor. For the former, the drain-source current （VDS = 0.5 V） shows a clear decrease of 69μA upon the introduction of 1μmolL^-1 （μM） complimentary DNA to the probe DNA at the sensor area, while for the latter it is only 38 μA. This current reduction is a notable indication of the hybridization. The high sensitivity can be attributed to the thinner barrier of the AlInN/GaN heterostructure, which makes the two-dimensional electron gas channel more susceptible to a slight change of the surface charge.

High-Order Soliton Solutions and Hybrid Behavior for the (2 + 1)-Dimensional Konopelchenko-Dubrovsky Equations

In this paper, the evolutionary behavior of N-solitons for a (2 + 1)-dimensional Konopelchenko-Dubrovsky equations is studied by using the Hirota bilinear method and the long wave limit method. Based on the N-soliton solution, we first study the evolution from N-soliton to T-order (T=1,2) breather wave solutions via the paired-complexification of parameters, and then we get the N-order rational solutions, M-order (M=1,2) lump solutions, and the hybrid behavior between a variety of different types of solitons combined with the parameter limit technique and the paired-complexification of parameters. Meanwhile, we also provide a large number of three-dimensional figures in order to better show the degeneration of the N-soliton and the interaction behavior between different N-solitons.

Advances in Breeding of High-amylose Indica Hybrid Rice Combinations in Sichuan Province

During 2000-2013, totally ten high-amylose specific hybrid rice combinations approved and five combinations for production test were bred in Sichuan Province. In the paper, rice yield, economic traits, quality indicators and rice blast-resistance identification results of these 15 hybrid combinations were described and analyzed. Results show that Chuanxiangyou37 and Tianlongyou540 have relatively high amylose content, good yielding ability, high resistance and appropriate growth period, which are new hybrid rice varieties with organic combination of high amylase content, high gel consistency, high yield, stable yield and wide adaptability. Therefore, Chuanxiangyou37 and Tianlongyou540 are recommended as the main combination for rice production.

Prospects for Study on High-yielding Cultivation Techniques of Super Hybrid Rice

Great progresses have been made in super hybrid rice in China. From the perspectives of dry matter production, nutrient absorption, sink and source, pho-tosynthesis, graln fiI ing and roots, the eco-physioIogical characteristics and high-yielding cuItivation techniques of super hybrid rice in China were discussed. In addi-tion, the probIems that restricted the high and stabIe yielding of super hybrid rice were analyzed, and the deveIopment directions of high-yielding cuItivation techniques for super hybrid rice were also discussed.

The Breeding of Hybrid Rape Variety Youyan 924 with Strong Heterosis and High Oil

The rape project of ＂Development and Application of Cabbage Type Rape Hybrids with Strong Heterosis＂ which belongs to National 863 Program aimed to breed the rape variety whose rapeseed yield or oil yield increased more than 10% compared with check （CK） variety, or oil yield increased more than 3 percentage points compared with CK. In the regional trial in the middle react,es of the Yangtze River for two years, the average rapeseed yield and oil yield of Youyan 924 which is a hybrid rape variety respectively reached 2 695.95 and 1 264.35 kg/hm2, which respectively increased by 5.22% and 13.4% compared with those of the other test- ing varieties in the same group, and respectively increased by 10.06% and 23.68% compared with those of Zhongyouza 2 which belongs to CK, thus reaching the standard of hybrid rape variety with strong heterosis; the average oil percentage of the variety in the two years was 46.63%,which increased by 3.44 percentage points compared with that of all the other testing varieties in the same group, and in- creased by 5.14 percentage points compared with that of Zhongyouza 2, and the oil percentage of it in the production testing reached 49.21%. Thus Youyan 924 is a variety with strong heterosis and high oil, moreover, its contents of erucic acid and glucosinolate are 0,25% and 20.27 μmol/g, respectively. From the data aggregation of national regional trial, it has the advantages of high oil yield, high yielding ability, reaching the standards of low erucic acid and low glucosinolate, strong lodging re- sistance, good disease resistance aqd moderate mature period.

High-Power and Ultralong-Life Aqueous Zinc-Ion Hybrid Capacitors Based on Pseudocapacitive Charge Storage

Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion hybrid capacitors and zincion batteries are promising safe energy storage systems.In this study,amorphous RuO2·H2O for the first time was employed to achieve fast and ultralong-life Zn2+storage based on a pseudocapacitive storage mechanism.In the RuO2·H2O||Zn zinc-ion hybrid capacitors with Zn(CF3SO3)2 aqueous electrolyte,the RuO2·H2O cathode can reversibly store Zn2+in a voltage window of 0.4-1.6 V(vs.Zn/Zn2+),delivering a high discharge capacity of 122 mAh g?1.In particular,the zinc-ion hybrid capacitors can be rapidly charged/discharged within 36 s with a very high power density of 16.74 kW kg?1 and a high energy density of 82 Wh kg?1.Besides,the zinc-ion hybrid capacitors demonstrate an ultralong cycle life(over 10,000 charge/discharge cycles).The kinetic analysis elucidates that the ultrafast Zn2+storage in the RuO2·H2O cathode originates from redox pseudocapacitive reactions.This work could greatly facilitate the development of high-power and safe electrochemical energy storage.

Electrochemical characterization of MnO_2 as the cathode material for a high voltage hybrid capacitor

Manganese dioxide （MnO2） was prepared using the ultrasonic method. Its electrochemical performance was evaluated as the cathode material for a high voltage hybrid capacitor. And the specific capacitance of the MnO2 electrode reached 240 F·g^-1. The new hybrid capacitor was constructed, combining A1/Al2O3 as the anode and MnO2 as the cathode with electrolyte for the aluminum electrolytic capacitor to solve the problem of low working voltage of a supercapacitor unit. The results showed that the hybrid capacitor had a high energy density and the ability of quick charging and discharging according to the electrochemical performance test. The capacitance was 84.4 μF, and the volume and mass energy densities were greatly improved compared to those of the traditional aluminum electrolytic capacitor of 47 μF. The analysis of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS） showed that the hybrid capacitor had good impedance characteristics.

Responses of Yield Characteristics to High Temperature During Flowering Stage in Hybrid Rice Guodao 6

By sowing at different dates during 2005 and 2006 both in paddy fields and greenhouse, a super hybrid rice combination Guodao 6 and a conventional hybrid rice combination Xieyou 46 （as control） were used to analyze the differences in heat injury index, seed setting rate, grain yield and its components. Guodao 6 showed more stable yield and spikelet fertility, and lower heat injury index than Xieyou 46. Further studies indicated that the spikelet sterility is positively correlated with the average daily temperature and the maximum daily temperature, with the coefficients of 0.8604 and 0.9850 （P〈0.05） respectively in Guodao 6. The effect of high temperature injury on seed setting caused by maximum daily temperature was lower than that by average daily temperature during the grain filling stage.

Stability of fiber laser-MIG hybrid welding of high strength aluminum alloy

The effect of fiber laser on MIG arc was investigated with 8 mm 7075-T6 high strength aluminum alloy as base material.The arc shape,droplet transfer form and electrical signal in the process of MIG welding and laser-MIG hybrid welding were analyzed.The stability of the hybrid welding process was evaluated by standard deviation analysis.The results show that with the increase of laser power,a large number of laser-induced plasma enters the arc column area,providing more conductive channels,which makes the heat of MIG arc more concentrated and the short circuit transition disappear.Due to the continuous effect of laser,the keyhole becomes a continuous electron emission source,and a stable cathode spot will be formed near the keyhole,which enhances the stability of MIG arc at the base current state.By using the method of standard deviation analysis,the voltage standard deviation of single MIG welding arc and laser-MIG hybrid arc within 4 seconds was calculated.The standard deviation of single MIG arc voltage was 1.05,and the standard deviation of MIG arc voltage in laser-MIG hybrid welding was 0.71–0.86,so the hybrid welding process was more stable.

Pyridinic nitrogen enriched porous carbon derived from bimetal organic frameworks for high capacity zinc ion hybrid capacitors with remarkable rate capability

Aqueous zinc ion hybrid capacitors(ZIHCs)hold great potential for large-scale energy storage applications owing to their high safety and low cost,but suffer from low capacity and energy density.Herein,pyridinic nitrogen enriched porous carbon(nPC)was successfully synthesized via the growth,subsequent annealing and acid etching of bimetal organic frameworks for high capacity and safe ZIHCs with exceptional rate capability.Benefiting from the mesopores for easy ion diffusion,high electrical conductivity enabled by in-situ grown carbon nanotubes matrix and residual metal Co nanoparticles for fast electron transfer,sufficient micropores and high N content(8.9 at%)with dominated pyridinic N(54%)for enhanced zinc ion storage,the resulting nPC cathodes for ZIHCs achieved high capacities of 302 and137 m Ah g^(-1) at 1 and 18 A g^(-1),outperforming most reported carbon based cathodes.Theoretical results further disclosed that pyridinic N possessed larger binding energy of-4.99 eV to chemically coordinate with Zn2+than other N species.Moreover,quasi-solid-state ZIHCs with gelatin based gel electrolytes exhibited high energy density of 157.6 Wh kg^(-1) at 0.69 kW kg^(-1),high safety and mechanical flexibility to withstand mechanical deformation and drilling.This strategy of developing pyridinic nitrogen enriched porous carbon will pave a new avenue to construct safe ZIHCs with high energy densities.

High-capacity Bi_(2)O_(3) anode for 2.4 V neutral aqueous sodium-ion battery-supercapacitor hybrid device through phase conversion mechanism

Aqueous battery-supercapacitor hybrid devices(BSHs)are of great importance to enrich electrochemical energy storage systems with both high energy and power densities.However,further improvement of BSHs in aqueous electrolytes is greatly hampered by operating voltage and capacity limits.Different from the conventional intercalation/de-intercalation mechanism,Bi_(2)O_(3) implements charge storage by a reversible phase conversion mechanism.Herein,taking Bi_(2)O_(3) electrode with wide potential window(from-1.2 to 1 V vs.saturated calomel electrode)and high capacity as battery-type anode,we propose that the overall performance of aqueous BSHs can be greatly upgraded under neutral condition.By paring with stable layer-structuredδ-MnO_(2) cathode,a sodium-ion Bi_(2)O_(3)//MnO_(2) BSH with an ultrahigh voltage of 2.4 V in neutral sodium sulfate electrolyte is developed for the first time.This hybrid device exhibits high capacity(~215 C g^(-1) at 1 mA cm^(-2)),relatively long lifespan(~77.2%capacity retention after 1500 cycles),remarkable energy density(71.7 Wh kg^(-1)@400.5 W kg^(-1))and power density(3204.3 W kg^(-1)@18.8 Wh kg^(-1)).Electrochemical measurements combining a set of spectroscopic techniques reveal the reversible phase conversion between bismuth oxide and metallic bismuth(Bi_(2)O_(3)?Bi0)through Bi^(2+) transition phase in neutral sodium sulfate solution,which can deliver multielectron transfer up to 6,leading to the high-energy BSHs.Our work sheds light on the feasibility of using Bi_(2)O_(3) electrode under neutral condition to address the issue of narrow voltage and low capacity for aqueous BSHs.

Bond Behavior between BFRP Bars and Hybrid Fiber Recycled Aggregate Concrete after High Temperature

The aim of this study is to improve the bond performance of basalt fiber reinforced polymer(BFRP)bars and recycled aggregate concrete(RAC)after being exposed to high temperatures.The bond behavior(failure modes,bond strength,bond stress-slip curves)between BFRP bars and hybrid fiber recycled aggregate concrete(HFRAC)after being exposed to temperatures ranging from 20℃up to 500℃was studied by using pull-out tests.The effect of high temperatures on mechanical properties of concrete(compressive strength,splitting tensile strength)and tensile strength of BFRP bars was also investigated.The bond strength decreased as the temperature increased and the drop of bond strength between RAC and BFRP bar was larger than that between HFRAC and BFRP bar.As the temperature rises,the key factor affecting the bond strength was gradually transformed from concrete strength to BFRP bar strength.The relationship between bond stress and slip in the dimensionless bond stress-slip ascending section was established,which was in good agreement with the experimental results.

Recent Developments of Transition Metal Compounds-Carbon Hybrid Electrodes for High Energy/Power Supercapacitors

Due to their rapid power delivery,fast charging,and long cycle life,supercapacitors have become an important energy storage technology recently.However,to meet the continuously increasing demands in the fields of portable electronics,transportation,and future robotic technologies,supercapacitors with higher energy densities without sacrificing high power densities and cycle stabilities are still challenged.Transition metal compounds(TMCs)possessing high theoretical capacitance are always used as electrode materials to improve the energy densities of supercapacitors.However,the power densities and cycle lives of such TMCs-based electrodes are still inferior due to their low intrinsic conductivity and large volume expansion during the charge/discharge process,which greatly impede their large-scale applications.Most recently,the ideal integrating of TMCs and conductive carbon skeletons is considered as an effective solution to solve the above challenges.Herein,we summarize the recent developments of TMCs/carbon hybrid electrodes which exhibit both high energy/power densities from the aspects of structural design strategies,including conductive carbon skeleton,interface engineering,and electronic structure.Furthermore,the remaining challenges and future perspectives are also highlighted so as to provide strategies for the high energy/power TMCs/carbon-based supercapacitors.

High-order discontinuous Galerkin solver on hybrid anisotropic meshes for laminar and turbulent simulations

Efficient and robust solution strategies are developed for discontinuous Galerkin （DG） discretization of the Navier-Stokes （NS） and Reynolds-averaged NS （RANS） equations on structured/unstructured hybrid meshes. A novel line-implicit scheme is devised and implemented to reduce the memory gain and improve the computational eificiency for highly anisotropic meshes. A simple and effective technique to use the mod- ified Baldwin-Lomax （BL） model on the unstructured meshes for the DC methods is proposed. The compact Hermite weighted essentially non-oscillatory （HWENO） limiters are also investigated for the hybrid meshes to treat solution discontinuities. A variety of compressible viscous flows are performed to examine the capability of the present high- order DG solver. Numerical results indicate that the designed line-implicit algorithms exhibit weak dependence on the cell aspect-ratio as well as the discretization order. The accuracy and robustness of the proposed approaches are demonstrated by capturing com- plex flow structures and giving reliable predictions of benchmark turbulent problems.

Cocoon Silk-Derived, Hierarchically Porous Carbon as Anode for Highly Robust Potassium-Ion Hybrid Capacitors

Potassium-ion hybrid capacitors(KIHCs) have attracted increasing research interest because of the virtues of potassium-ion batteries and supercapacitors.The development of KIHCs is subject to the investigation of applicable K+storage materials which are able to accommodate the relatively large size and high activity of potassium.Here,we report a cocoon silk chemistry strategy to synthesize a hierarchically porous nitrogen-doped carbon(SHPNC).The as-prepared SHPNC with high surface area and rich N-doping not only offers highly efficient channels for the fast transport of electrons and K ions during cycling,but also provides sufficient void space to relieve volume expansion of electrode and improves its stability.Therefore,KIHCs with SHPNC anode and activated carbon cathode afford high energy of 135 Wh kg-1(calculated based on the total mass of anode and cathode),long lifespan,and ultrafast charge/slow discharge performance.This study defines that the KIHCs show great application prospect in the field of high-performance energy storage devices.

High-speed butt welding of magnesium alloy using pulsed laser-arc hybrid heat source

Laser-arc hybrid welding at a speed of 6 000 mm/min is carried out on 2 mm thick magnesium alloy AZ61 plateand completely-penetrated butt joints are obtained, lnvestigations of the influence of parameters on weld formation show that Ihe addition of pulsed laser can effctively enhance tlle heat penetrability attd directivity nf the hybrid heat source. Measurements on microstructures and mechanical properties the joint indicate that grain in the.fhsion zone is refined and the grain size is sensitive to the arc current ; the fitsioa zone exhibits the highest hardaess; the tensile strength of the joint reaches 93% of base metal; there is the brittle fracture along the grain bozmdaries in the fusion zone. High-speed camera images exhibit that although the two adjacent laser pulses can not overlap, the recorery relaxation of the concentrated electric arc after laser intlse action can still maintain the continuous welding process.

Utilizing Dominant Early Maturity Genes of Sterile Line UP-3s in Hybrid Rice Breeding to Avoid High Temperature Season

A new sterile line UP-3s, which carries the Dominant Early Maturity Gene (DEMG), was bred on the farm of University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff (UAPB). UP-3s and two check sterile lines, Jin23-A and Xie-A which do not carry the Dominant Early Maturity Gene, were crossed with a group of different maturity restorer lines, PB-1R, PB-5R,PB11, PB-13R, PB-20, PB-21, PB-22R, and PB-23R. Eighteen new hybrid rice combinations of these crosses were then tested at UAPB in 2012 and 2013. The results showed that panicle differentiation (PD) of hybrids from female parent UP-3s (DEMG) crossed with the 8 male parents, were earlier than the hybrids from female parent Jin23-A or Xie-A crossed with the 8 male parents. The PD of these earlier hybrids was before Jun 25 and heading was before July 20. Early PD and heading avoided the high temperature (over 34&degC) period which usually occurs after July 20 in Arkansas. The yields of these earlier maturity hybrids with female parent UP-3s were higher than those of the late maturity hybrids thatwereF1 progeny of sterile lines Jin23-A or Xie-A (these two female parent checks with non-DEMG). These results showed that the DEMG sterile line UP-3s can be adopted in making crosses with later maturity restorer lines to obtain earlier maturity hybrids to avoid the high temperature period in Arkansas.

Low-temperature and high-voltage planar micro-supercapacitors based on anti-freezing hybrid gel electrolyte

Micro-supercapacitors(MSCs)are considered as highly competitive power sources for miniaturized electronics.However,narrow voltage window and poor anti-freezing properties of MSCs in conventional aqueous electrolytes lead to low energy density and limited environmental adaption.Herein,we report the construction of low-temperature and high-energy-density MSCs based on anti-freezing hybrid gel electrolytes(HGE)through introducing ethylene glycol(EG)additives into aqueous LiCl electrolyte.Since EG partially destroys hydrogen bond network among water molecules,the HGE exhibits maximum electrochemical stability window of 2.7 V and superior anti-freezing features with a glass transition temperature of-62.8℃.Further,the optimized MSCs using activated carbon microelectrodes possess impressive volumetric capacitance of 28.9 F cm^(-3)and energy density of 10.3 mWh cm^(-3)in the voltage of 1.6 V,2.6 times higher than MSCs tested in 1.2 V.Importantly,the MSCs display 68.3%capacitance retention even at-30℃ compared to the value at 25℃,and ultra-long cyclability with 85.7%of initial capacitance after 15,000 times,indicating extraordinary low-temperature performance.Besides,our devices offer favorable flexibility and modular integration.Therefore,this work provides a general strategy of realizing flexible,safe and anti-freezing microscale power sources,holding great potential towards subzero-temperature microelectronic applications.