The NAC-like transcription factor Si NAC110 in foxtail millet(Setaria italica L.) confers tolerance to drought and high salt stress through an ABA independent signaling pathway

Foxtail millet（Setaria italica（L.）P.Beauv）is a naturally stress tolerant crop.Compared to other gramineous crops,it has relatively stronger drought and lower nutrition stress tolerance traits.To date,the scope of functional genomics research in foxtail millet（S.italic L.）has been quite limited.NAC（NAM,ATAF1/2 and CUC2）-like transcription factors are known to be involved in various biological processes,including abiotic stress responses.In our previous foxtail millet（S.italic L.）RNA seq analysis,we found that the expression of a NAC-like transcription factor,SiNAC110,could be induced by drought stress;additionally,other references have reported that SiNAC110 expression could be induced by abiotic stress.So,we here selected SiNAC110 for further characterization and functional analysis.First,the predicted SiNAC110 protein encoded indicated SiNAC110 has a conserved NAM（no apical meristem）domain between the 11–139 amino acid positions.Phylogenetic analysis then indicated that SiNAC110 belongs to subfamily III of the NAC gene family.Subcellular localization analysis revealed that the SiNAC110-GFP fusion protein was localized to the nucleus in Arabidopsis protoplasts.Gene expression profiling analysis indicated that expression of SiNAC110 was induced by dehydration,high salinity and other abiotic stresses.Gene functional analysis using SiNAC110 overexpressed Arabidopsis plants indicated that,under drought and high salt stress conditions,the seed germination rate,root length,root surface area,fresh weight,and dry weight of the SiNAC110 overexpressed lines were significantly higher than the wild type（WT）,suggesting that the SiNAC110 overexpressed lines had enhanced tolerance to drought and high salt stresses.However,overexpression of SiN AC110 did not affect the sensitivity of SiNAC110 overexpressed lines to abscisic acid（ABA）treatment.Expression analysis of genes involved in proline synthesis,Na＋/K＋transport,drought responses,and aqueous transport proteins were higher in the SiNAC110overexpressed lines than in the WT,whereas expression of ABA-dependent pathway genes did not change.These results indicated that overexpression of SiNAC110 conferred tolerance to drought and high salt stresses,likely through influencing the regulation of proline biosynthesis,ion homeostasis and osmotic balance.Therefore,SiNAC110 appears to function in the ABA-independent abiotic stress response pathway in plants.

Changes of microbial community structures and functional genes during biodegradation of phenolic compounds under high salt condition

The changes of microbial community structures and functional genes during the biodegradation of single phenol and phenol plus p-cresol under high salt condition were explored.It was found that the phenol-fed system（PFS） exhibited stronger degrading abilities and more stable biomass than that of the phenol plus p-cresol-fed system（PCFS）.The microbial community structures were revealed by a modern DNA fingerprint technique,ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis（RISA）.The results indicated that the microbial community of PFS changed obviously when gradually increased phenol concentration,while PCFS showed a little change.16S rRNA sequence analysis of the major bands showed that Alcanivorax sp.genus was predominant species during phenolic compounds degradation.Furthermore,amplified functional DNA restriction analysis（AFDRA） on phenol hydroxylase genes showed that the fingerprints were substantially different in the two systems,and the fingerprints were not the same during the different operational periods.

A high salt tolerance and low adsorption drag reducer based on non-covalent enhancement

To formulate fluids with flowback water,produced water directly to improve the utilization rate of recycling and reduce the adsorption damage of slick water to reservoirs,a high salt tolerance and low adsorption drag reducer was designed and prepared by introducing polar cation fragments to enhance the non-covalent interactions between the chains.The drag reducer was characterized by IR and NMR.Friction resistance and viscosity tests were conducted to evaluate its salt resistance property.Static adsorption and dynamic adsorption retention tests were carried out to evaluate the damage of this reducer to shale reservoirs.The introduction of cation units into the molecular structure can weak the shielding effect of metal cations to some extent,so the drag reducer can keep a stable molecular structure and good resistant reducing performance under high salinity.The enhancement of non-covalent interaction between chains decreased the free polarity sites,further reduced the possibility of hydrogen bonding between drag reducer molecules and shale.In high salinity condition,both the adsorption capacity of the drag reducer on the shale surface and the average damage rate to the core permeability are low.Compared with the conventional salt-tolerant system,the overall liquid cost was reduced by 17%and the production per well increased by 44%.The application of this slick water system has achieved remarkable results.

An Eco-Friendly High-Effective Scale Inhibitor for High Salt Brine

Now the mining of high salt underground brine has been an important aspect of salt lake mining,which is the necessary support to the development of national economy.With the change of underground geological

Research and Application of an Environmental-Friendly Low-Damage and High Salt-Resistance Slick Water Fracturing Fluid System

The Sulige gas field is a typical low-pressure low-permeability tight sandstone gas reservoir. The reservoir has poor seepage capacity, strong heterogeneity, high mineralization of formation water and extremely scarce water resources on the site. These unfavorable factors have brought great difficulties to the on-site mining process. Now, a nano-composite green environmental protection slick water fracturing fluid system CQFR can be quickly dissolved because of the larger specific surface area, and the small molecular size makes the damage to the reservoir less than 5%, and the average drag reduction effect can reach more than 73%. It can quickly and well dissolve and maintain performance under high salinity conditions and fracturing flowback fluids. It responds well to the complex reservoir conditions on the construction site and makes the flowback fluid recyable, which greatly reduces the consumption of water resources on the construction site and effectively improves the construction efficiency and economic benefits.

Theory and Application of Numerical Simulation of Chemical Flooding in High Temperature and High Salt Reservoirs

Applications, theoretical analysis and numerical methods are introduced for the simulation of mechanical models and principles of the porous flow in high temperature, high salt, complicated geology and large-scale reservoirs in this paper. Considering petroleum geology, geochemistry, computational permeation fluid mechanics and computer technology, we state the models of permeation fluid mechanics and put forward a sequence of implicit upwind difference iteration schemes based on refined fractional steps of the upstream, which can compute the pressures, the saturation and the concentrations of different chemistry components. A type of software applicable in major industries has been completed and carried out in numerical analysis and simulations of oil extraction in Shengli Oil-field, which brings huge economic benefits and social benefits. This software gives many characters: spatial steps are taken as ten meters, the number of nodes is up to hundreds of thousands and simulation time period can be tens of years and the high-order accuracy can be promised in numerical data. Precise analysis is present for simplified models of this type and that provides a tool to solve the international famous problem.

Mitochondrial components transferred by MSC-derived exosomes promoted bone regeneration under high salt microenvironment via DRP1/Wnt signaling

Bone homeostasis relies on the dynamic balance of osteoblast mediated bone construction and osteoclast-based bone resorption processes,which has been reported to be controlled by various mineral ions.However,there is no direct evidence of the effect and the underlying mechanism of high salt stimulation on bone metabolism.In this study,we demonstrated that high salt stimulation promoted excessive mitochondrial fission mediated by dynamin-related protein 1 in mesenchymal stem cells,which resulted in impaired mitochondrial morphology and function.Consequently,this impairment hindered the bone formation of mesenchymal stem cells,resulting in osteopenia in mice.Mechanically,the impaired property of mesenchymal stem cells which was caused by high salt was controlled by dynamin-related protein 1 mediated mitochondrial fission,which inhibited the classical Wnt signaling pathway.Furthermore,the osteogenic property of mesenchymal stem cells decreased by high salt could be restored by exosomes to transfer the mitochondrial DNA into the impaired mesenchymal stem cells.This study provides not only new strategies for promoting bone regeneration but also new insights into the effect and mechanism of exosome-mediated delivery.

A Method for Rapid Salt-extraction of High-quality Genomic DNA from Plant Seeds

[Objective] This study aimed to explore an effective method for rapid salt- extraction of high-quality genomic DNA from dried seeds of plants. [Method] Seeds of seven varieties of crops were ground into powder. A hundred milligrams of seed powder was added to extracting solution for high salt-extraction of genomic DNA. The yield and quality of extracted DNA were determined by using ultramicro UV/Vis spectrophotometer detection method, PCR and restriction enzyme digestion. [Result] About 619.67-1 811.21 ng of genomic DNA was extracted from per 100 mg of dried seed powder of seven varieties of conventional crops. A260/A280 ratios of the obtained DNA solution all ranged from 1.87 to 2.07, the purity and quality of PCR were suitable for PCR and restriction enzyme digestion. Clear target bands of specific endogenous gene fragments of seven varieties of crops were amplified by PCR, and the obtained DNA could be fully digested with EcoRV and Hindlll.[Conclusion] This method could be used for rapid extraction of high-quality genomic DNA from dried seeds.

Corrosion Test of the Steel Plate in a WJ-8 Fastener for High Speed Rail

It was found that the steel plate in the composite plate in the WJ-8 fastener used in high speed rail is rusty. The objective of this study is to test the zinc coating of the steel plate. A literature review was conducted to identify the zinc coating techniques, and the companies that can provide different coating service was identified. A salt fog chamber was built that was in compliance with the ANSI B117 code, and the steel plates that were coated by the identified companies were tested using the salt fog chamber. The results indicated that the coating technique that had the best performance in preventing corrosion was the Greenkote plates with passivation. The galvanized option had the roughest coating layer, and it was the most reactive in the salt water solution. This makes it non-ideal for the dynamic rail environment because the increased friction of the plate could damage the supports, especially during extreme temperatures that would cause the rail to expand or contract. Greenkote with Phosphate and ArmorGalv also provided increased corrosion prevention with a smooth, strong finish, but it had more rust on the surface area than the Greenkote with ELU passivation. The ArmorGalv sample had more rust on the surface area than the Greenkote samples. This may not be a weakness in the ArmorGalv process;rather, it likely was the result of this particular sample not having the added protection of a colored coating.

Maternal high salt-diet increases offspring's blood pressure with dysfunction of NO/PKGI signaling pathway in heart tissue

Background:High salt-diets have become significant threats to human health,resulting in hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy are complicated,since the maternal cardiovascular system undergoes extensive physiological changes during pregnancy.High-salt diets during pregnancy can disturb the intrauterine environment and negatively affect fetal development.Therefore,we explored how high-salt diets during pregnancy could affect the offspring.Methods:Rats were divided into three groups and fed with low,normal,and high salt diets.The offspring were separated into three groups after weaning based on dietary salt concentration.The blood pressure and urine protein content of both dams and offspring were measured.To evaluate cardiac function,we used Masson staining and immunodetection to confirm the fibrosis status.Finally,we extracted protein from cardiac tissue to test the expression levels of the Nitric Oxide(NO)/cGMP-dependent protein kinase I(PKGI)pathway and the angiotensin receptor.Results:High-salt diets increased blood pressure,and offspring previously exposed to high-salt environments were predisposed to hypertension.High-salt diets were also found to induce cardiac fibrosis and exacerbate fibrosis in offspring and alter the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT).Under these conditions,the NO/PKGI pathway was activated in cardiac tissue and the type-1angiotensin II receptor(AT1R)was upregulated,though the type-2 angiotensin II receptor(AT2R)had the opposite effect.Conclusion:High-salt diets induce high blood pressure and increase predisposition to hypertension in offspring.They are accompanied by cardiac fibrosis,which could be caused by the activation of NO/PKGI and upregulation of AT1R.

Regulation of A 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid Dioxygenase(NCED)Gene from Raspberry on High Salinity and Cold Tolerance

Abscisic acid(ABA)is a plant hormone that plays an important role in plant development and abiotic stress.The 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase(NCED)is a key rate-limiting enzyme in the ABA biosynthetic pathway.The physiological and molecular mechanisms of NCED regulating plant development and abiotic stress tolerance have been reported in many plant species,but gene function of RiNCEDs in Rubus idaeus L.is rarely reported.In this study,the open reading frame(ORF)sequence of RiNCED2 in red raspberry fruit was isolated and the function of this gene under abiotic stress was investigated.While RiNCED2 was induced by cold,high salinity,drought and ABA,it was highly expressed in new leaves as measured by real-time qPCR.Overexpression of RiNCED2 in Arabidopsis under both high-salt and cold stress increased ABA content,demonstrating that RiNCED2 was involved in ABA biosynthesis.Meanwhile,the leaf wilting degree of transgenic Arabidopsis was less,while the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)was significantly reduced,and the chlorophyll content,proline content,peroxidase(POD),catalase(CAT)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activities were significantly increased.These results indicated that overexpression of RiNCED2 enhanced the resistance of transgenic Arabidopsis to high salt and cold.

Blockade of Endogenous Angiotensin-(1–7) in Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus Attenuates High Salt-Induced Sympathoexcitation and Hypertension

Angiotensin(Ang)-(1–7) is an important biologically-active peptide of the renin-angiotensin system. This study was designed to determine whether inhibition of Ang-(1–7) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus(PVN) attenuates sympathetic activity and elevates blood pressure by modulating pro-inflammatory cytokines(PICs)and oxidative stress in the PVN in salt-induced hypertension. Rats were fed either a high-salt(8% NaCl) or a normal salt diet(0.3% NaCl) for 10 weeks, followed by bilateral microinjections of the Ang-(1–7) antagonist A-779 or vehicle into the PVN. We found that the mean arterial pressure(MAP), renal sympathetic nerve activity(RSNA), and plasma norepinephrine(NE) were significantly increased in salt-induced hypertensive rats. The high-salt diet also resulted in higher levels of the PICs interleukin-6, interleukin-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1, as well as higher gp91 phoxexpression and superoxide production in the PVN. Microinjection of A-779(3 nmol/50 nL) into the bilateral PVN of hypertensive rats not only attenuated MAP, RSNA, and NE, but also decreased the PICs and oxidative stress in the PVN. These results suggest that the increased MAP and sympathetic activity in salt-induced hypertension can be suppressed by blockade of endogenous Ang-(1–7) in the PVN, through modulation of PICs and oxidative stress.

Lithium Ion Extraction from the High Ration Mg/Li Salt Lake Brine with Ionic Liquid in Triisobutyl Phosphate and Kerosene

1 Introduction As the lightest metal with the unique properties of energy production and storage,lithium is regarded as the new century energy metal.Lithium and its compounds were widely used in various industrial fields,especially in

Framework analysis of fluoride salt-cooled high temperature reactor probabilistic safety assessment

Probabilistic safety assessment(PSA) is important in nuclear safety review and analysis. Because the design and physics of the fluoride salt-cooled high temperature reactor(FHR) differ greatly from the pressurized water reactor(PWR), the methods and steps of PSA in FHR should be studied. The high-temperature gascooled reactor(HTR-PM) and sodium-cooled fast reactors have built the PSA framework, and the framework to finish the PSA analysis. The FHR is compared with the PWR, HTR-PM and sodium-cooled fast reactors from the physics, design and safety. The PSA framework of FHR is discussed. In the FHR, the fuel and coolant combination provides large thermal margins to fuel damage(hundreds of degrees centigrade). The tristructuralisotropic(TRISO) as the fuel is independent in FHR core and its failure is limited for the core. The core damage in Level 1 PSA is of lower frequency. Levels 1 and 2 PSA are combined in the FHR PSA analysis. The initiating events analysis is the beginning, and the source term analysis and the release types are the target. Finally, Level3 PSA is done.

Study on neutronics design of ordered-pebble-bed fluoride-salt- cooled high-temperature experimental reactor

This paper presents a neutronics design of a 10 MW ordered-pebble-bed fluoride-salt-cooled high-temperature experimental reactor. Through delicate layout, a core with ordered arranged pebble bed can be formed,which can keep core stability and meet the space requirements for thermal hydraulics and neutronics measurements.Overall, objectives of the core include inherent safety and sufficient excess reactivity providing 120 effective full power days for experiments. Considering the requirements above, the reactive control system is designed to consist of 16 control rods distributed in the graphite reflector. Combining the large control rods worth about 18000–20000 pcm, molten salt drain supplementary means(-6980 to -3651 pcm) and negative temperature coefficient(-6.32 to -3.80 pcm/K) feedback of the whole core, the reactor can realize sufficient shutdown margin and safety under steady state. Besides, some main physical properties, such as reactivity control, neutron spectrum and flux, power density distribution, and reactivity coefficient,have been calculated and analyzed in this study. In addition, some special problems in molten salt coolant are also considered, including ~6Li depletion and tritium production.

基于多臂结构抗高温高盐降滤失剂的合成及作用机制

以季戊四醇烯丙基醚为核心,合成具有多臂结构的超支化聚合物降滤失剂JHPAN,研究和分析JHPAN配制的钻井液在高温、高盐条件下的流变性能、降滤失性能和降滤失作用机制。结果表明:在加量(质量分数)为1.0%时,220℃老化前后,淡水浆的表观黏度分别为10.5和10.0 mPa·s,塑性黏度分别为9.0和11.0 mPa·s,动切力分别为1.5和1.0 Pa;在加量为1.0%时,220℃老化16 h后,饱和NaCl盐水浆的API滤失量和高温高压滤失量分别为11.8和25.5 mL;JHPAN的多臂结构中含有大量的吸附基团和抗温耐盐基团有助于钻井液高温、高盐环境下形成致密的泥饼,从而提升其降滤失效果。

Laboratory Study on 210°C High Temperature and Salt Resistant Drilling Fluid

Combined with the current research status in this area at home and abroad, with the improvement of salt and high temperature resistance as the research goal, the laboratory research of salt and high temperature resistant drilling fluid system has been carried out, and lubricants, inhibitors and stabilizers have been optimized. The final drilling fluid formula is: water + 3% sepiolite + 0.3% Na2CO3 + 3% RH-225 + 3% KCOOH + 3% G-SPH + 3% CQA-10 + 1.5% ZX-1 + Xinjiang barite, density 2.2 g/cm3, using hot-rolling furnace, environmental scanning electron microscope, high temperature and high pressure plugging instrument and Zeiss microscopes and other instruments use core immersion experiments, permeability recovery value experiments, and static stratification index methods to perform temperature resistance, reservoir protection, plugging performance, and static settlement stability performance of the configured drilling fluid., Inhibition performance, biological toxicity, salt resistance, anti-pollution performance have been tested, and it is concluded that the temperature resistance is good under the condition of 210°C, and the salt resistance can meet the requirements of 20% NaCl + 0.5% CaCl2 concentration. It has a good reservoir protection effect, the permeability recovery value can reach more than 90%, the performance of restraining water dispersion and cuttings expansion is good, the heat roll recovery rate can reach more than 85%, and the SSSI value shows that its settlement stability performance is good;Its plugging performance is good under high temperature and high pressure. It laid the foundation for the next step to promote the field application of the drilling fluid system.

海上高温高盐油藏层内沉淀深部调驱体系研究与应用

针对常规调驱体系因注入困难、耐温抗盐性差及价格昂贵,难以满足海上高温高盐油藏深部调驱需求的问题,研发出一种以Na_(2)SiO_(3)为主剂的层内沉淀深部调驱体系。通过化学分析、仪器检测和物理模拟等多种方法对体系进行了配方优化和性能评价。实验研究结果表明:调驱体系的最佳母液配方组成为7%硅酸钠+30%沉淀控制剂A+1.0%沉淀控制剂B,该配方可与现场注入水中的成垢离子反应生成粒径为67.0~123.1 nm的颗粒,在向地层深部运移过程中由小到大逐渐聚并成粒径为42.6~47.4μm的无机沉淀,封堵水窜通道最终实现深部液流转向。该调驱体系耐温150℃,在50~500 mD岩心均具有良好的注入性,沉淀后封堵率可达95.9%,对于渗透率级差为8~20的双岩心提高采收率幅度可达11.0%~16.4%。矿场试验表明,层内沉淀调驱体系注入性好、工艺简单,稳油控水效果显著,W油田A井组实施措施后日增油超25 m^(3),含水率平均下降13.3%,累计增油达到7675 m^(3)。技术对于海上高温高盐油田开发具有良好的示范作用。

库车坳陷西部阿瓦特—博孜地区构造变形差异及数值模拟分析

库车坳陷西部的阿瓦特-博孜地区位于构造挤压转换区,沿走向构造变形差异显著。本文基于最新的三维地震资料和离散元数值模拟方法,对该区域进行了精细的地质建模,模拟了其形成演化过程,讨论了差异变形的控制因素。阿瓦特地区盐下沿克深断裂远距离逆冲推覆,形成上下叠置的两套沿侏罗系煤层滑脱的逆冲体系;盐上发育厚度较小的阿瓦特凹陷;盐构造以不整合型为主。博孜地区盐下在克深断裂以北为高角度基底卷入变形,以南为沿煤层的滑脱,整体为楔形叠瓦冲断构造;盐上发育厚度巨大的拜城凹陷;盐构造以整合型为主。模拟结果表明,温宿古隆起限制了中生界至古近系的沉积范围,阻碍了变形的向前传递,是造成阿瓦特-博孜地区变形差异性的最主要原因。先存盐底辟构造和南天山的差异挤压作用对该区域的差异变形也具有一定的控制作用。综合地震剖面解释和数值模拟结果的演化过程表明,该区域构造活动具有由弱到强的变化趋势,构造变形开始于早中新世吉迪克组沉积时期,在上新世早期康村组沉积之后发生显著的构造加速事件。