Influence of multipass high rotating speed friction stir processing on microstructure evolution,corrosion behavior and mechanical properties of stirred zone on AZ31 alloy

The influence of multipass high rotating speed friction stir processing(FSP)on the microstructure evolution,corrosion behavior,and tensile properties of the stirred zone(SZ)was investigated by EBSD,TEM,SEM,electrochemical workstation and electronic universal testing machine.The mean grain size of the SZ is significantly refined,and it increases with the increase of the processing pass.In addition to an obvious increase in the number,the distribution ofβ-Al12Mg17 precipitates also becomes more uniform and dispersed with increasing the processing pass.Compared with the as-received AZ31 alloy,the tensile properties of the SZ are hardly improved,but the corrosion resistances are significantly enhanced.The corrosion potential of the SZ prepared by 4-pass FSP is increased from−1.56 V for the unprocessed AZ31 alloy to−1.19 V,while the corrosion current is decreased from 1.55×10^−4 to 5.47×10^−5 A.

PRECISION OF HSK TOOLING SYSTEM IN HIGH SPEED MACHINING

Based on the theory of elastic mechanics and material mechanics, the orientation precision of the hohl schaft kegel（HSK） tooling system in static and dynamic states is theoretically and experimentally studied. The relation between the clamping force and the shank taper is obtained. And a proper clamping force is found to be essential to assure the axial and radial orientation precisions of the HSK tooling system in high speed machining （HSM）. Analytical results show that the reason why the HSK tooling system can keep high precision at the high rotational speed is that the actual axial clamping force keeps the two surfaces of the shank and the spindle in contact all the time.

Analysis of droplet transfer of pulsed MIG welding based on electrical signal and high-speed photography

In order to study how welding parameters affect welding quality and droplet transfer, a synchronous acquisition and analysis system is established to acquire and analyze electrical signal and instantaneous images of droplet transfer simultaneously, which is based on a self-developed soft-switching inverter. On the one hand, welding current and voltage signals are acquired and analyzed by a self-developed dynamic wavelet analyzer. On the other hand, images are filtered and optimized after they are captured by high-speed camera. The results show that instantaneous waveforms and statistical data of electrical signal contribute to make an overall assessment of welding quality, and that optimized high-speed images allow a visual and clear observation of droplet transfer process. The analysis of both waveforms and images leads to a further research on droplet transfer mechanism and provides a basis for precise control of droplet transfer.

A Low Power and High Speed Viterbi Decoder Based on Deep Pipelined, Clock Blocking and Hazards Filtering

A high speed and low power Viterbi decoder architecture design based on deep pipelined, clock gating and toggle filtering has been presented in this paper. The Add-Compare-Select (ACS) and Trace Back (TB) units and its sub circuits of the decoder have been operated in deep pipelined manner to achieve high transmission rate. The Power dissipation analysis is also investigated and compared with the existing results. The techniques that have been employed in our low-power design are clock-gating and toggle filtering. The synthesized circuits are placed and routed in the standard cell design environment and implemented on a Xilinx XC2VP2fg256-6 FPGA device. Power estimation obtained through gate level simulations indicated that the proposed design reduces the power dissipation of an original Viterbi decoder design by 68.82% and a speed of 145 MHz is achieved.

Least-Cost Path and Accessibility Analysis of a High Speed Railway Corridor: Victorville, CA to Las Vegas, NV

Geospatial technology is a useful tool when identifying land corridors for transportation networks. The primary transit corridor between Los Angeles, CA and Las Vegas, NV is Interstate-15, approximately a four-hour automobile trip without traffic. Virgin Trains USA LLC proposes an alternative means of travel by constructing a high-speed railway along Interstate-15 connecting Las Vegas and Victorville, CA. This study uses least-cost path analysis to propose an optimized alternative corridor for Virgin Trains’ proposed high-speed railway through a system facilitated road and rail accessibility analysis. Previous research using least-cost path and accessibility methodologies evaluated the results of proposed high-speed railway corridors and the system facilitated accessibility changes by visually inspecting deviations from a planned corridor using single or multiple cost criteria as inputs for a weighted cost surface. However, robust analyses of previous least-cost path studies’ corridors are lacking. This proof-in-concept study proposes a less costly corridor through least-cost path analysis and measures the social impact on the stakeholders of a high-speed railway transportation system through system facilitated accessibility. This study’s proposed alternative corridor is 31% shorter than Virgin Trains’ planned corridor and system facilitated accessibility to Las Vegas, NV is increased in 99.74% of Los Angeles County’s census tracts. These results support this study’s position that geospatial technology can support transportation planning in a comprehensive method that considers the transportation corridor and benefits its stakeholders.

Executive function impairments in high IQ children and adolescents with ADHD

Objective: To demonstrate that high IQ children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD tend to suffer from executive function (EF) impairments that: a) can be identified with a combination of standardized measures and normed self-report data;and b) occur more frequently in this group than in the general population. Method: From charts of 117 children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years with high IQ ( ≥ 120) who fully met DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for ADHD, data on 8 normed measures of executive function (EF) were extracted: IQ index scores for working memory and processing speed, a standardized measure of auditory verbal memory, and 5 clusters of the Brown ADD Scale, a normed, age-graded rating scale for ADHD-related executive function impairments in daily life. Significant impairment was computed for each individual relative to age-appropriate norms for each measure and comparisons were made to base-line rates in the general population. Results: Sixty-two percent of participants were significantly impaired on at least 5 of these 8 markers of EF. Chi-square comparisons of scores from these high IQ participants were significantly different (p < 0.001) from standardization norms for each of the eight EF measures. Conclusions: High IQ children and adolescents with ADHD, despite their cognitive strengths, tend to suffer from significant impairments of executive functions that can be assessed with these measures;incidence of these impairments is significantly greater than in the general population. These results are fully consistent with data on high IQ adults diagnosed with ADHD.

ACCURATE DETECTION OF HIGH-SPEED MULTI-TARGET VIDEO SEQUENCES MOTION REGIONS BASED ON RECONSTRUCTED BACKGROUND DIFFERENCE

The paper first discusses shortcomings of classical adjacent-frame difference. Sec ondly, based on the image energy and high order statistic(HOS) theory, background reconstruction constraints are setup. Under the help of block-processing technology, background is reconstructed quickly. Finally, background difference is used to detect motion regions instead of adjacent frame difference. The DSP based platform tests indicate the background can be recovered losslessly in about one second, and moving regions are not influenced by moving target speeds. The algorithm has important usage both in theory and applications.

基于USB 3.0的NAND FLASH数据存储设计

由于目前采用的串口和USB 2.0检测坏块、实现数据读取的方法存在数据读取慢以及数据稳定性低的问题,而在高速大容量存储装置设计中,存储器通常采用NAND FLASH,故提出一种基于USB 3.0总线的NAND FLASH数据存储设计。采用FPGA作为逻辑主控单元,选用USB 3.0芯片CYUSB3014作为FPGA与上位机的通信桥梁,并在FPGA软件上设计ECC数据校验纠错以及NAND FLASH的坏块管理。用户可通过上位机实现数据读取、擦除以及分析。实验结果表明,所设计系统可通过USB 3.0接口将NAND FLASH中存储的数据传输到上位机,传输速度实际可达39 MB/s。

A fault prediction method for catenary of high-speed rails based on meteorological conditions

Fault frequency of catenary is related to meteo-rological conditions. In this work, based on the historical data, catenary fault frequency and weather-related fault rate are introduced to analyse the correlation between catenary faults and meteorological conditions, and further the effect of meteorological conditions on catenary oper-ation. Moreover, machine learning is used for catenary fault prediction. As with the single decision tree, only a small number of training samples can be classified cor-rectly by each weak classifier, the AdaBoost algorithm is adopted to adjust the weights of misclassified samples and weak classifiers, and train multiple weak classifiers. Finally, the weak classifiers are combined to construct a strong classifier, with which the final prediction result is obtained. In order to validate the prediction method, an example is provided based on the historical data from a railway bureau of China. The result shows that the mapping relation between meteorological conditions and catenary faults can be established accurately by AdaBoost algorithm. The AdaBoost algorithm can accurately predict a catenary fault if the meteorological conditions are provided.

STRUCTURE EVOLUTION OF POLYMER CHAINS FOR NECKING FORMATION IN HIGH-SPEED FIBER SPINNING PROCESS

Finite element method is used to simulate the high-speed melt spinning process, based on the equation system proposed by Doufas et al. Calculation predicts a neck-like deformation, as well as the related profiles of velocity, diameter, temperature, chain orientation, and crystallinity in the fiber spinning process. Considering combined effects on the process such as flow-induced crystallization, viscoelasticity, filament cooling, air drag, inertia, surface tension and gravity, the simulated material flow behaviors are consistent with those observed for semi-crystalline polymers under various spinning conditions, The structure change of polymer coils in the necking region described by the evolution of conformation tensor is also investigated. Based on the relaxation mechanism of macromolecules in flow field different types of morphology change of polymer chains before and in the neck are proposed, giving a complete prospect of structure evolution and crystallization of semi-crystalline polymer in the high speed fiber spinning process.

Theoretical Study on Non-transmission High Efficient Parallel Camber Grinding Machine

Be directed against the development trend of modern CNC grinding machine towards high precision and high efficiency, some general weaknesses of existing camber grinding machine are analyzed in detail. In order to develop new type CNC camber grinding machine that can grind complex die, and genuinely achieved accurate feed and high efficient grinding, a new type camber grinding machine is put forward, called non-transmission virtual-shaft CNC camber grinding machine. Its feed system is a parallel mechanism that is directly driven by linear step motor. Therefore, traditional transmission types, such as the ball lead-screw mechanisms, the gears, the hydraulic transmission system, etc. are cancelled, and the feed system of new type CNC camber grinding machine can truly possess non-creep, good accuracy retentiveness a wide range of feed-speed change, high kinematical accuracy and positioning precision, etc. In order to realize that the cutting motion is provided with high grinding speed, step-less speed variation, high rotational accuracy, good dynamic performance, and non-transmission, the driving technology of hollow rotor motor is applied to drive the spindle of new type grinding machine,thus leading to the elimination of the transmission parts of cutting motion. The principle structure model of new type camber grinding machine is advanced. The selection, control gist and driving circuit line of the linear step motor are expounded. The main technology characteristics and application advantages of non-transmission virtual-shaft CNC camber grinding machine are introduced.

High Voltage Digital Transient State Measuring System

This paper presents main functions of a high voltage,high speed and extensive memory transient measurementequipment and design of associate hardware and software. Thepaper also introduces the hardware design of high speed hugememory data sampler, explains the know-how of data analysissoftware, program-controlled voltage divider andanti-interference measurement, with which the equipmentperforms excellent on--site.This equipment reallies automatic measurement and satisfiesthe requirement of high voltage digital measurment.

高速激光熔覆工艺参数对Fe基合金熔覆层组织与耐磨性能的影响

采用高速激光熔覆技术在27SiMn钢筒形件表面制备Fe基合金熔覆层,对不同工艺参数下该熔覆层的组织形貌、显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能进行分析,探究高速激光熔覆工艺参数对熔覆层组织、硬度及耐磨性的影响。结果表明:不同工艺参数下,熔覆层内部无孔洞、裂纹等缺陷,与基体均形成有效的冶金结合;熔覆层厚度随激光功率的增加先上升后下降;随送粉速率的增加而增加,熔覆层显微硬度、耐磨性随激光功率、送粉速率的增加呈增加的趋势,在实验参数范围内,功率为3000 W、送粉速率为28 rad/min时为最优参数。

3种平差基准下高速铁路CPⅢ平面控制网的精度分析

针对工程实际CPⅢ网复测中以CPⅡ进行约束平差出现大量CPⅢ点坐标超限的情况,提出合理的CPⅢ网平差方法,设计总长为4020 m的标准网和加密网两种CPⅢ平面网。建立重心、一点一长方向和一点一短方向3种平差基准,分别计算各基准下两种网形600 m间距CPⅢ点间的相对中误差,并与CPⅡ点相对中误差8 mm的规范规定进行比较。研究结果表明:两种网形在3种基准下,测距精度对点位相对精度影响均非常小,方向精度是影响点位相对精度的主要因素。在重心、一点一长方向(CPⅠ的间距)基准下,两种网形600 m间距CPⅢ点间的相对中误差均显著小于8 mm,高于CPⅡ的相对精度。

两种直动式高速电磁阀数值模拟与动态响应对比分析

针对直动式高速电磁阀动铁芯与阀芯加工、装配工艺要求高,一致性较差的问题,提出了一种动铁芯与阀芯可分离的结构,基于AMESim平台建立此款电磁阀电–磁–机–气多物理场耦合模型,考虑了动铁芯与阀芯撞击与分离的情况,并在试验台上进行了验证。然后与另一种动铁芯与阀芯“绑定”的结构形式进行比较分析。结果表明:两种电磁阀在动态响应与影响动态响应的关键参数存在差别。在同等条件下,第一种结构形式的电磁阀动态响应整体略差,但是其对动铁芯–阀芯加工、装配工艺的要求较低。

轴承转子系统快变过程振动响应的高精度频谱分析

针对高速轴承转子系统的启停过程,研究平稳和非平稳信号的高精度频谱分析方法,利用比例校正法对平稳信号频谱分析后的频率、幅值、相位进行了校正,建立一种将t时空域非平稳信号转变为t~2时空域平稳信号的方法,并基于平稳信号的比例校正法对其进行频谱分析,最后返回到t时空域获得某时刻的频域参数。仿真分析结果表明:该方法可以准确提取平稳信号的谱特征,也能较精确地提取非平稳信号特定时刻的频率、幅值和相位,提取结果精度较好,有效解决轴承转子系统快变过程的谱分析特征提取问题,为动力学特性分析提供了新思路。

自动钻铆末端双目高精定位系统设计

设计了基于自动钻铆末端的双目高精定位系统。首先对视觉定位需求进行分析,设计双目视觉系统结构参数,基于视觉光源去除复合材料背景纹理;其次对轮廓进行提取拟合,预处理标定后结合ESPCN和Canny算子进行亚像素边缘提取,利用改进最小二乘法拟合计算圆心坐标;最后对视觉定位系统进行精度验证。结果表明:平面定位误差小于0.02mm,深度定位误差小于0.04mm,满足钻铆机器人的视觉测量要求。

高速精确的光纤光栅信号解调方案设计

为提升光纤光栅的应用效果,为此,设计高速精确的光纤光栅信号解调方案。依据LPFG的光纤光栅信号解调原理,设计两个LPFG双边缘滤波器处理两路反射光,并且利用光电探测器探测光功率结果,以此解调光栅的中心波长;采用光纤干涉仪检测解调频率,对其进行正反扫描,依据光传播时延引起的解调误差和解调频率扫描方向之间的关联,完成解调结果补偿。测试结果显示:该方案具有较好可行性,光谱发生不同程度重叠时,光纤光栅信号的解调结果标准差均小于1.85 pm;光栅波长的解调误差均在-5~5 pm之间;有效降低解调误差,提升光纤光栅解调精度,可靠获取信号中的信息。

高速铁路多列车客票预分与通售策略协同优化

在客票预分方案中设置通售票能使分配票额有效适应售票过程中动态变化的购票需求,但也容易出现通售票过早肢解,从而导致后续长途OD对旅客购票失败、通售票无法充分利用。为避免此情况出现以进一步提高通售票的利用率,考虑通售票销售策略与铁路客票预分方案的协同优化问题,实现由OD固定票、通售票构成的客票预分方案与通售票发售策略(以下简称“通售策略”)的协同优化。首先,基于旅客随机购票需求描述、旅客购票列车选择分析,构建铁路客票预分方案与通售策略协同优化模型,以客票总收益最大化为目标,考虑列车席位能力、列车服务、客票量上下限以及通售发售策略等约束;其次,在生成多套购票需求样本的基础上,结合旅客出行购票过程的仿真,设计模型求解的粒子群算法。算例结果表明对比不考虑通售策略的客票预分方案,本文优化方法能使列车平均客座率提高4.96%、列车客票总收益提高2.74%,充分验证了引入通售策略能有效实现客票的灵活与充分利用。

高速列车车轮两阶段退化建模及可靠性分析

针对高速列车车轮在退化过程中呈现两阶段特征的问题,提出一种基于两阶段非线性Wiener过程的高速列车车轮退化建模及可靠性分析方法。采用CUSUM(CUmulative SUM)算法实现车轮退化过程变点判别,在此基础上,利用马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗方法估计模型未知参数。针对车轮两阶段退化过程较为复杂、可靠度解析形式难以求解的问题,通过蒙特卡罗模拟方法求解得到车轮可靠度函数曲线和可靠寿命。最后以某机车同转向架车轮单个镟修周期内的实测数据为例,验证了模型的有效性。结果表明:受运营环境影响,同转向架不同侧车轮退化过程出现变点的位置不同;相较于未考虑阶段性特征的退化模型,所提模型可靠性评估结果更符合现场实际;通过不断获取车轮退化数据,可采用所提模型计算并更新车轮可靠寿命值,为车轮镟修周期的进一步优化提供了理论指导。