Preparative isolation and purification of 12,13-dihydroxyeuparin from Radix Eupatorii Chinensis by high-speed counter-current chromatography

An efficient method for the isolation and purification of 12,13-dihydroxyeuparin from Radix Eupatorii Chinensis by high speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) was established in this paper. The ether extracts of Radix Eupatorii Chinensis were purified by HSCCC with a solvent system of hexyl hydride-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (1:2:1:2, v/v/v/v). The upper phase was used as the stationary phase and the lower phase as the mobile phase. About 8.4 mg of 12, 13-dihydroxyeuparin was obtained from 200 mg of ether extracts from Radix Eupatorii Chinensis in one-step HSCCC separation, with the purity of 96.71%, as determined by HPLC. After methanol- water recrystallization, the purity of 12,13-dihydroxyeuparin reached 99.83%. Such a simple and effective method was fairly useful to prepare pure compound as reference substances for related study on Radix Eupatorii Chinensis.

An Economical Method for Preparative Purification of Five Alkaloids from Coptis Chinensis Franch by High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography Using Singled Prepared Solvent System by GC

Coptis chinensis Franch, a widely used Traditional Chinese Medicine, shows various kinds of bioactivity. The major active components of the herb are considered to be alkaloids. Thus, preparative separation of these alkaloids is critical important for further pharmacology and mechanism studies. In the paper, five alkaloids from C. chinensis were purified by HSCCC using the solvent system composed of chloro-form-metha- nol-water (2:1:1, v/v/v) single prepared. The content of each solvent in solvent system were determined by gas chromatography (GC), then according the ratios of solvents in each phase to prepare the mobile and stationary phase respectively. And a comparative study was carried out between together preparation and single preparation of the solvent system. The purities and recoveries of all the products were over 98.5% and 92%. However, 134 mL chloroform, 336 mL methanol and 452 mL water were saved when the two phase were singled by GC. Our research showed an economical method for separating alkaloids from C. chinensis by HSCCC using the solvent system single prepared by GC.

Effects of current waveform parameters during droplet transfer on spatter in high speed waveform controlled Short-circuiting GMAW

Aim at improving the stability of the Short-circuiting Gas Metal Arc Welding （GMAW-S） process for the enhanced speed usage, effects of current waveform parameters during short-term on the welding stability have been investigated by experimental method. The welding power source used for the research is an inverter with a special current waveform control. It is shown that the spatter decreases at first then increases with each increase of the low current period, current increase rate and the maximum current limit. The test results are provided for welding of 1 mm and 3 mm mild steel at speed of 1.2 m/min. The stable GMA W-S process under high speed welding condition has been achieved by optimizing the parameters.

Separation and Purification of Acetophenones from Cynanchum bengei Decne Root Bark by Combination of Silica Gel and High-speed Counter-current Chromatography

[Objectives] To develop a method for separation and purification of acetophenones from Cynanchum bengei Decne root bark by combination of silica gel and high-speed counter-current chromatography( HSCCC). [Methods]The crude extract of Cynanchum bengei Decne root bark was separated by silica gel column chromatography,and parts A and B containing acetophenones were obtained. Then,parts A and B were separated by HSCCC with a two-phase solvent system composed of petroleum ether-ethyl acetate-methanol-water( 4∶ 6∶ 4. 5∶ 5. 5 and4∶ 6 ∶ 3 ∶ 7, V/V), respectively. [Results] From 260 mg of part A, four compounds with p-dihydroxybenzene 3. 9 mg(Ⅰ),4-hydroxyacetophenone 17. 1 mg( Ⅱ),2,5-di-hydroxyacetophenone 13. 3 mg(Ⅲ) and 2,4-dihydroxyaceto-phenone 21. 0 mg(Ⅳ) were obtained. And from 300 mg of part B,136 mg of Radix Cynanchi Bungei benzophenone(Ⅴ) was obtained. The purity of compounds determined by HPLC was 97. 0%,96. 6%,99. 2%,99. 7%,99. 5%,respectively. [Conclusions] The established method is simple and efficient. It can be used for separation of acetophenones from Cynanchum bengei Decne root bark and has better practical value,which could provide a reference basis for development and utilization of Cynanchum bengei Decne root bark.

Effect of welding current and speed on occurrence of humping bead in high-speed GMAW

The developed mathematical model of humping formation mechanism in high-speed gas metal arc welding （GMAW） is used to analyze the effects of welding current and welding speed on the occurrence of humping bead. It considers both the momentum and heat content of backward flowing molten jet inside weld pool. Three-dimensional geometry of weld pool, the spacing between two adjacent humps and hump height along humping weld bead are calculated under different levels of welding current and welding speed. It shows that wire feeding rate, power intensity and the moment of backward flowing molten jet are the major factors on humping bead formation.

Preface: Current research progress on mechanics of high speed rail

The construction and operation of high-speed rail（HSR）grid within the past two decades in China,in terms of the scale,may be possibly comparable to any national-wide construction in the history of China,even the Great Wall.By counting railways with commercial train service at the speed of200 km/h,China has the world’s longest HSR network with over 19 369.8 km of track in service today and this number

Analysis for Rotor Losses of High Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

This paper presents an analysis based on analytical method for solid rotor motors for determining the rotor eddy current losses due to the current harmonics of the stator winding. The accuracy of the analytical results is verified by experiments.

直流快速开断技术研究进展和展望

由于直流电流无自然过零点且短路电流上升率高,直流电流快速开断与系统故障切除成为制约直流电力系统发展的一大瓶颈。该综述首先介绍了直流快速开断技术要求与难点。其次,详细分析了直流快速开断过程涉及的关键技术,包括电流转移技术、固态式直流开断技术、介质恢复技术和高速机械开关技术等,综述了各种技术的当前发展现状及其应用情况,对比了不同技术方案的特点及适应性。最后,对直流快速开断技术未来发展方向进行了讨论和总结,为小型化、高性能、低成本、高可靠快速直流断路器的研发及推广应用提供了新的技术思路。

A Novel Half-Bridge Power Supply for High Speed Drilling Electrical Discharge Machining

High Speed Drilling Electrical Discharge Machining (HSDEDM) uses controlled electric sparks to erode the metal in a work-piece. Through the years, HSDEDM process has widely been used in high speed drilling and in manufacturing large aspect ratio holes for hard-to-machine material. The power supplies of HSDEDM providing high power applica-tions can have different topologies. In this paper, a novel Pulsed-Width-Modulated (PWM) half-bridge HSDEDM power supply that achieves Zero-Voltage-Switching (ZVS) for switches and Zero-Current-Switching (ZCS) for the dis-charge gap has been developed. This power supply has excellent features that include minimal component count and inherent protection under short circuit conditions. This topology has an energy conservation feature and removes the need for output bulk capacitors and resistances. Energy used in the erosion process will be controlled by the switched IGBTs in the half-bridge network and be transferred to the gap between the tool and work-piece. The relative tool wear and machining speed of our proposed topology have been compared with that of a normal power supply with current limiting resistances.

直线轨道涡流制动对高速列车制动动力学特性的影响

列车制动性能直接影响车辆运行安全性和平稳性、稳定性,本文研究了加装直线轨道涡流制动系统对不同动力分配方式的高速列车制动动力学特性的影响规律.首先建立了6M2T和4M4T两种编组方式的列车动力学仿真模型,并与线路实验数据进行对比,验证了模型的有效性.基于该模型,研究了不同时速下的列车在不同动力分配形式下的动力学特性.针对惰行工况、电空制动工况与加装直线轨道涡流制动系统的联合制动工况,分别研究了第1、5、8节车厢的Sperling指标、脱轨系数、轮重减载率、轮轨作用力的变化规律,研究结果表明,动力分配方式、制动特性对车辆动力学性能有显著影响,涉及的关键动力学性能指标均满足安全限值标准,研究结果将为高速列车加装直线轨道涡流制动系统提供理论参考.

高速永磁电机铁耗精确计算两项式模型

基于分段带补偿项的铁耗计算方法,本文提出了一种适用于高速永磁电机铁耗精确计算的两项式数学模型。通过结合高速电机运行特性对频率和磁密区间进行双重划分,在Jordan损耗分离模型的基础上引入涡流及磁滞损耗补偿项考虑磁饱和、局部磁滞回环及涡流趋肤效应等非线性因素对硅钢片单位损耗特性的影响。该模型新增参数均为随频率和磁密变化的分段常函数,通过L-M算法拟合求解,在减小计算量的同时明确反映铁磁材料非线性对铁耗计算的影响,实现铁耗精确计算。最后,以某高速电机用硅钢片35SWH1900为例,对比了本文所提模型与Jordan损耗分离模型在单位损耗上的计算误差,实验结果表明所提模型计算误差基本在15%以内,能够有效提升高速永磁电机铁耗的计算精度。

脉冲电流对高速冲击下2A10铝绝热剪切带作用规律研究

材料在高速冲击下产生绝热剪切带,电辅助电磁成形技术通过在试样变形同时通入电流可增强材料塑性变形能力,但脉冲电流对绝热剪切带的作用规律目前尚不明晰,制约了材料在超高速冲击环境下的应用。该文设计了一种偏轴长杆箍件试样,通过脉冲功率源和电磁斥力盘开展了2A10铝合金在极端多物理场环境下即电流密度为10^(8)~10^(9) A/m^(2),应变率≥10^(4)/s的动态变形特性研究。对试样进行金相处理后可观测到材料微观特征的演化过程,对比不同条件下微观特征分布得到了极端多物理场条件下电流密度对材料动态变形的作用规律。结果表明,施加电流后裂纹和绝热剪切带的长度减少,且长度随电流密度增大而逐渐减少。

基于电机振动的动车组牵引逆变器故障诊断研究

牵引逆变器的安全性和可靠性对高速动车组车辆的稳定运行至关重要,为了对逆变器工作状态进行识别,文章结合车辆系统动力学,提出了一种基于电机振动信号分析的故障诊断方法。将电机振动信号作为监测对象,通过检测逆变器故障时电流畸变引起电机异常振动的特征信号来进行判断。以CRH2型动车组牵引传动系统为例,建立了基于空间矢量脉宽调制策略下的三电平牵引逆变器电路仿真模型,对逆变器结构故障模式进行仿真。仿真结果表明,逆变器故障会显著影响交流侧输出电流谐波含量,尤其是5倍频、7倍频、11倍频、13倍频电流谐波;而这些谐波电流输入到牵引电机后转化为6P(1-s)倍频、12P(1-s)倍频的脉动转矩,并作用于电机,使得其输出振动中含有相应频率的谐波成分。通过对高速动车组实际运行过程中的牵引电机振动信号进行分析可发现,在正常情况下振动信号不明显含有此类谐波频率成分,而当逆变器存在故障时,则会导致在振动信号中该频率信号含量非常明显。因此,文章所提出的基于振动信号分析法能够有效地监测并诊断牵引逆变器工作状态,并具有一定的工程应用价值。

具有快响应速度和低暗电流的垂直MSM型CsPbBr_(3)薄膜光电探测器

卤化物钙钛矿具有优异的电学和光学性能,是光电子器件中理想的有源层候选材料,特别是在高性能光探测方面显示出更具竞争力的发展前景,其中全无机钙钛矿CsPbBr_(3)因其良好的环境稳定性而被广泛关注.本文报道了一种具有快响应速度和低暗电流的垂直MSM型CsPbBr_(3)薄膜光电探测器.由于采用垂直结构缩短了光生载流子的渡越距离,器件具有超快的响应速度63μs,比传统平面MSM型光电探测器提高了两个数量级.然后,通过在p型CsPbBr_(3)与Ag电极之间旋涂一层TiO_(2)薄膜,提升了界面光生载流子的分离效率,实现了钙钛矿薄膜与金属电极间的物理钝化,从而大大降低了器件的暗电流,在–1 V的偏压下暗电流只有–4.81×10^(-12) A.此外,该种垂直MSM型CsPbBr_(3)薄膜光电探测器还具有线性动态范围大(122 dB)、探测率高(1.16×10^(12) Jones)和光稳定性好等诸多优点.通过Sentaurus TCAD模拟发现,电荷传输层可以选择性的阻挡载流子传输,从而起到降低暗电流的作用,Sentaurus TCAD模拟结果与实验数据吻合,揭示了电荷传输层降低器件暗电流的内在物理机制.

复矢量电流调节器抑制高速永磁电机高次谐波

永磁电机高速运行时,定子电流高次谐波的含量和幅值快速增加,增加涡流损耗、发热和转矩脉动,研究基于电压补偿改进算法抑制定子电流高次谐波。针对高速永磁同步电机运行过程中存在的交直轴电流分量强耦合以及电机参数非线性变化的问题,设计了复矢量电流调节器来提高解耦性能和动态响应以改进传统电压补偿的电流谐波抑制算法。首先,搭建了集成高速永磁同步电机模型、高速电机弱磁控制和谐波抑制算法的联合仿真模型。在此基础上,运用软件在环仿真方法,验证了复矢量电流调节器相比于传统的电压补偿算法的重大优越性。仿真结果表明,复矢量电流调节器大大降低了定子电流的高次谐波含量、总THD和转矩脉动。以上的研究可以为高速永磁电机高次谐波的抑制和仿真分析提供重要的理论和方法论指导。

高速比较器与时钟驱动器电源模块电磁敏感性研究

高空电磁脉冲(HEMP)能够对电子器件或系统产生不可忽视的电磁脉冲效应。选取高速比较器与时钟驱动器,采用脉冲电流注入(PCI)的实验方法研究这两种器件电源模块的电磁敏感性。试验结果表明:双指数脉冲电流的上升沿是引起高速比较器与时钟驱动器输出扰动的主要原因,且扰动幅度都受到注入脉冲电流幅值的影响;高速比较器工作在不同电平时电源模块的电磁敏感性不同;高速比较器与时钟驱动器在不同工作频率下会表现出不同的电磁敏感性。研究结果对电子器件或系统的电磁敏感性分析与加固具有一定的指导意义。

高速列车移动接地回流系统研究综述

列车移动接地系统通过接地轮对与钢轨间的滚动电接触实现电能的泄放。其中,车载接地系统可分为工作接地与保护接地两种方式。但由于工作接地轮对与保护接地轮对共用钢轨并将其作为泄流渠道,通过工作接地泄放至钢轨的电流易通过周边的保护接地轮对再次回窜至铝合金车体上,从而在车-轨间形成环流,长期存在车-轨环流将导致牵引电机轴承、齿轮箱齿轮电蚀,抬高车体电位,严重影响列车上搭载的乘客与设备的安全。伴随着高速铁路运行速度及牵引功率不断提升,列车牵引电流的不断增加,将导致车-轨环流现象越加严重,亟需对车-轨环流的产生机制、影响因素及抑制措施开展研究。首先调研车-轨环流造成的相关事故,并梳理产生车-轨环流的根本原因。通过调研目前已构建的移动接地系统仿真模型,探究车-轨环流机理与接地回流的动态变化特性,并收集目前已提出的车-轨环流的抑制措施,提出解决问题的思路。

高速动车组牵引传动系统转矩脉动测试分析

交流传动技术广泛应用于高速铁路动车组牵引传动系统,牵引变流器直流环节电压存在2倍牵引网电压频率的脉动分量,会在牵引电机侧产生拍频电流,从而引起转矩脉动,不利于动车组机电系统稳定运行。文中首先分析了转矩脉动产生的原理,然后针对两种典型动车组牵引变流器主电路进行了结构建模,通过数字仿真分析了转矩脉动的主要影响因素。接着基于现场实测,验证了理论分析的正确性,并获得了转矩脉动产生机械应力的关系,表明转矩脉动易对牵引电机及转向架等相邻机械部件产生机械损耗。最后,从硬件电路和软件控制两方面对转矩脉动抑制技术进行了探讨。

高温环境下的轴承保持架转速非接触测试方法

滚动轴承是发动机、燃气轮机等设备中的重要旋转部件,需要长期工作在高温环境中。为了预防轴承打滑,减少轴承损伤及失效,需要实时获取高温环境下的轴承保持架转速参数。文中提出了一种基于涡流效应的耐高温转速传感器,使用耐高温线绕制传感器探头,通过周期性改变轴承保持架与探头的距离实现保持架转速的测量。搭建高温转速平台进行测试,验证了传感器的可行性,实现了高温时轴承保持架转速的非接触测量。结果表明:在300℃高温环境中,转速传感器的最大非线性误差为0.511%,最大重复性误差为0.771%。

基于高速采样装置的电力电缆局放故障定位研究

电力系统作为支撑我国经济高速发展的关键设施,在电力系统日常运行中,相关人员需要重视电力系统的维修与保养工作。在传统的故障检测与信号采集中,信号采样的频率有限,存在无法准确定位故障的缺陷。而高速采样装置的出现,为电力电缆局放故障定位提供了新的研究方向,工作人员能够利用这种装置实现对电缆局放故障的精准定位,进而提升故障维修效率,保证电力系统的稳定运行。