Investigation on Rapidly Solidified T15 High Speed Steel Powder and Its Bulk Microcrystalline Material

Authors produced rapidly solidified T15 high speed steel powders by high pressure(5~ 6MPa) N_a atomization and liquid N_2 cooling,observed and analyzed the morphology and structure of the powders;at the same time,prepared bulk microcrystalline T15 high speed steel materials by hot extruding or HIPing and hot rolling of the powders,observed and measured the microstructure and performance of the bulk materials.It was shown that rapid solidification may change the solidification characteristics and structure of T15 high speed steel powder and improve the qualities and properties of T15 high speed steel materials.

Scratch behavior of high speed steels for hot rolls

The scratch behaviors of two high speed steels （HSS） for hot rolls were studied by a Micro-combi Tester, and the emphasis was placed on researching the relations between the microstructure and the scratch resistance property of different HSS. The experimental results indicate that during the scratch process, the carbides are embedded into the matrix, the penetration depth of different HSS is closely related with the matrix hardness, i.e., the higher the matrix hardness, the better the scratch resistance property; and in the matrix, the fine, dispersive carbides are beneficial to form steady friction between the indenter and the scratched materials, but the coarser carbides are easier to fall into pieces.

The Effect of Intensity Pulsed Ion Beam Irradiation on Wear Resistance of High-speed Steel

The structural and phase transformations occurring in the near-surface layers of pre-quenched W6Mo5Cr4V2 high-speed steel (HSS) subjected to intensity pulsed ion beam (IPIB) melting have been investigated. The effect of IPIB irradiation on wear resistance of the HSS has also been studied. The IPIB consists mainly of Cn+(30%)^0 H+(70%), with a high beam current density of 80A/cm2, acceleration voltage of 250kV, pulse duration of 70 ns. Samples were bombarded with 1, 3, 5 pulses respectively. It has been revealed that after IPIB irradiation the initial martensite in the near-surface layer of HSS changed into austenite and produced residual stresses by using electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Redistribution and interlace of dislocations in the irradiated samples were generated under the impact of shock wave. With increasing pulse times gradual liquid-phase dissolution of M6C carbide particles occurs in the near-surface layer and produces nanocrystalline MC. This process results in the decrease of martensite crystal (a-phase) and increase of austenite (y-phase) content and the dispersed carbide. Wear resistance of the HSS is improved by a factor of 2, which is explained by the formation of metastable phases such nanocrystal and residual stresses and the redistribution and interlace of dislocations.

The Adhesion Improvement of Cubic Boron Nitride Film on High Speed Steel Substrate Implanted by Boron Element

Cubic boron nitride(c-BN) films were deposited on W6Mo5Cr4V2 high speed steel(HSS) substrate implanted with boron ion by RF-magnetron sputtering. The films were analyzed by the bending beam method, scratch test, XPS and AFM. The experimental results show that the implantation of boron atom can reduce the internal stress and improve the adhesion strength of the films. The critical load of scratch test rises to 27.45 N, compared to 1.75 N of c-BN film on the unimplanted HSS. The AFM shows that the surface of the c-BN film on the implanted HSS is low in roughness and small in grain size. Then the composition of the boron implanted layer was analyzed by the XPS. And the influence of the boron implanted layer on the internal stress and adhesion strength of c-BN films were investigated.

Effect of Cryogenic and QPQ Compound Treatment on the Microstructures and Performance of High Speed Steel

China’s High-speed steel cutting tools hold a considerable share in the global market. However, the overproduction of low-end HSS tools causes serious resource waste and low efficiency, which has become one of the major problems in the tool industry in China. So a new Surface Modification technology is developed, which can make the low-end HSS tools into the high-end ones. On the analysis of the mechanism of cryogenic and quenching-polish-quenching(QPQ), the cryogenic and QPQ compound treatment are studied by using ?8 HSS(M2) drills. The nitriding layer and the base of the drill bit are Studied and analyzed, and the mechanism of compound treatment is discussed by the technological parameters adjustment and the combination test of cryogenic, nitrogen, tempering procedures, and several analysis methods such as the optics metallographic microscope, the scanning electronic microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction and micro hardness. The cutting test is done on the drills by cryogenic treatment, QPQ treatment and cryogenic and QPQ compound treatment separately. The results indicates that the cutting life of HSS (M2) drill can be increased dramatically by cryogenic and QPQ compound treatment.

激光熔覆HSS涂层滚滑动摩擦磨损及热疲劳损伤研究

针对再制造轧辊使用过程中受高压高温作用,轧件易发生复杂的失效行为,文章采用激光熔覆技术在球墨铸铁芯材上制备M4高速钢(high-speed steel,HSS)涂层,利用高温滚滑动摩擦磨损与热疲劳试验机研究HSS涂层的摩擦磨损及热疲劳性能。结果表明:HSS涂层显微组织主要为马氏体、少量残留奥氏体和合金碳化物,涂层维氏硬度为823 HV 0.5,具有良好的耐磨性、耐热性。在滚滑动摩擦磨损形式下,随着表面接触温度的升高,涂层磨损机制发生改变,磨损量逐渐降低。440℃时表现为疲劳磨损和轻微氧化磨损,525℃时表现为氧化磨损和疲劳磨损,580℃时以氧化磨损为主。

淬火温度对S590粉末冶金高速钢组织和性能的影响

采用等离子旋转电极雾化和热等静压法制备S590粉末冶金高速钢,分别在1050、1100、1150和1180℃进行淬火热处理,并经过一次550℃回火(1 h),一次−196℃深冷处理(4 h)和两次550℃回火(1 h),研究不同淬火温度对S590粉末冶金高速钢微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:热处理后S590高速钢微观组织主要包括马氏体、M6C型碳化物和MC型碳化物。随淬火温度升高,碳化物逐渐溶入基体中,数量减少,基体晶粒尺寸变大。高速钢硬度和抗压强度随淬火温度升高呈上升趋势,1180℃淬火试样经后续热处理后,硬度可达HRC 67.8,抗压强度为3827 MPa;抗弯强度随淬火温度的升高先上升后下降,冲击韧性随淬火温度升高而下降,1100℃淬火试样抗弯强度达到最高,为5473 MPa;1050℃淬火试样冲击韧性最高,为76.9 J·cm^(−2)。综合考虑显微组织和力学性能,S590粉末冶金高速钢的最优淬火温度为1100℃。

Co8W6Mo5Cr4V3粉末高速钢的热变形行为

采用熔炼、电渣重熔和气雾化法制备Co8W6Mo5Cr4V3粉末,再通过热等静压制备Co8W6Mo5Cr4V3粉末高速钢。在不同变形条件下进行热压缩实验,研究粉末高速钢的热变形行为,根据获得的应力-应变曲线,建立热变形本构方程,绘制热加工图。结果表明:Co8W6Mo5Cr4V3粉末高速钢的流变应力随变形温度升高或应变速率减小而减小;通过本构方程预测的流变应力和实验得到的流变应力间的相关系数为0.995,可用此方程对粉末高速钢在不同变形条件下的应力进行预测;根据热加工图,粉末高速钢最优的变形温度为1 100~1 150℃,应变速率为0.1~1.0 s^(-1)。

M2(HSS)热处理工艺的神经网络优化研究

采用3×12×2三层拓扑结构,以退火温度、淬火温度、回火温度作为输入层参数,以抗弯强度和磨损体积为输出层参数,构建了M2高速钢(HSS)热处理工艺的神经网络优化模型。并对模型进行了训练、预测验证与现场应用。结果表明:该神经网络优化模型有高的预测能力和预测精度,输出的抗拉强度和磨损体积的平均预测相对误差分别为1.93%、1.89%。与原结果相比,使用神经网络优化工艺参数热处理的M2高速钢的抗弯强度增加35%、磨损体积减小41%。M2高速钢的最佳退火、淬火和回火温度分别为:(810±10)、(1230±10)、(520±10)℃。

HSS圆锯片锯齿参数自动检测装置及算法研究

将计算机视觉技术应用于HSS锯齿边缘检测中时,无法依靠锯齿边缘来检测锯齿的参数,为此,提出了一种基于图像处理的自动检测装置,以及提高其检测精度的检测算法。首先,对检测装置的硬件结构进行了设计(操作步骤由锯齿拍摄、锯片夹持、锯片旋转、锯片水平检测、锯片水平调整等5部分组成);然后,对检测装置的算法流程进行了设计(由图像预处理、锯齿边缘检测、锯齿参数计算3个步骤组成);针对高速钢锯齿表面灰度值噪点导致的锯齿参数识别误差大的问题,引入了最大类间与类内方差比法,自适应调整灰度最优阀值,准确检测锯齿边缘,进而准确计算了锯齿齿形参数;最后,搭建了锯齿参数测量装置,通过实验的方法,对锯齿参数测量装置的可行性及检测算法的正确性进行了验证。研究结果表明:该检测装置对锯齿齿形参数的检测精度为3%,与三坐标等其他设备的检测结果接近;该装置可作为高速钢圆锯片选型、锯片修磨检测的基础工具。

The development of China's special steel and the application prospects of spray-formed materials

Suggestions have been put forward speeding up the development of high-level tool steel and mold steel in China based on the analysis of products and development status of special steel home and abroad. Feasibility and necessity to produce high-level tool steel and mold steel by applying the spray forming method in future have been put forward.

高锰钢表面高速激光熔覆Ni60涂层组织与性能

采用高速激光熔覆系统在破碎机锤头中常用的材料高锰钢表面制备了Ni60耐磨熔覆层。通过正交试验极差分析优化得到最佳工艺参数,采用渗透探伤、显微硬度计、OM,XRD,BSE和摩擦磨损试验对熔覆层宏观形貌、硬度、微观形貌、物相、摩擦系数和磨损量进行观察与测试。结果表明,当激光功率为1 200 W、扫描速度为4 mm/s、送粉速度为7.5 g/min时,熔覆层表面成形质量良好,表面硬度可达811.41 HV,约为基材的2.8倍,摩擦系数较基材下降37.7%,耐磨性提高1.6倍。熔覆层主要由γ-Ni树枝晶组成,其中弥散分布的硬质相CrB,Cr_(7)C_(3)和Cr_(23)C_(6)可显著提高熔覆层的耐磨性。

NbC_(p)/ASP2030高速钢复合材料的制备与性能

通过粉末冶金真空烧结法,利用NbC粉末与气雾化ASP2030高速钢制备了NbC_(p)/ASP2030高速钢复合材料。采用SEM、XRD、EDS等检测手段,研究了不同NbC添加量对ASP2030高速钢的显微组织、物相组成及力学性能的影响。结果表明,当真空烧结温度达到1220℃,所制得的复合材料主要相有Martensite、M_(7)C_(3)碳化物、M_(6)C碳化物、MC碳化物以及γ-Fe;当NbC加入量逐渐增加,烧结态复合材料的抗弯强度与冲击韧性都出现一定程度下降,而硬度则逐渐上升。在NbC含量达到2%时,复合材料的冲击韧性为5.34J/cm^(2),抗弯强度为1918.3MPa,硬度为53.9HRC。

硅钢高拉速生产工艺的探索与实践

介绍了马钢四钢轧3号连铸机硅钢高效化生产的工艺实践,通过优化硅钢二冷水,优化保护渣性能,改善电磁搅拌参数等措施,实现了硅钢的拉速提升,显著提高硅钢生产效率,取得了良好的效果。

K390粉末冶金高速钢的热变形行为

在变形温度为1100~1200℃、应变速率为0.05~5 s^(-1)、最大变形量为70%的条件下,采用Gleeble-3800热模拟机对K390粉末冶金高速钢进行了等温压缩变形,并分析了不同变形温度和变形速率下实验钢的显微组织变化。结果表明:K390粉末冶金高速钢在变形初期表现出明显的加工硬化,流变应力急剧增大并迅速达到峰值;峰值应力随变形温度的降低和应变速率的增大而增大。随着变形温度的升高,晶粒尺寸增加。随着应变速率的增加,晶粒尺寸减小,碳化物分布趋于均匀。在变形温度为1150℃时,实验钢中出现了大量等轴晶,碳化物分布均匀。利用动态材料模型,建立了K390粉末冶金高速钢热变形失稳区热加工图。实验钢最佳的热加工参数为:变形温度1175℃、应变速率0.05 s^(-1)。

High speed steel produced by spray forming

In this paper, ASP2030 （A30） high speed steel （HSS） was produced by spray forming and the microstructure was studied by optical microscopy （OM）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, transmission elec- tron microscopy （TEM）, electron probe microanalysis （EPMA） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The spray formed A30 （SF A30） steel exhibited a very uniform and fine microstructure consisting of martensite, retained austenite and uniformly distributed network carbides. Microstructure refining can be explained in terms of the rapid solidification of spray forming. M2C, MC and M6C type carbides were found in the as-sprayed A30 HSS by XRD and TEM. A uniform distribution of carbides was obtained after forging and annealing. The microstructure properties of SF A30 steel indicate that spray forming can be considered as a cost-effective route for the production of A30 steels and other highly alloyed steels.

脉冲激光熔覆高速钢粉末涂层的微结构与裂纹抑制

采用Nd∶YAG脉冲激光器对预置了高速钢粉末的球墨铸铁基体进行激光熔覆处理.单道实验得到优化后的高速钢激光熔覆工艺参数为:电流240A、扫描速度3.0 mm/s、离焦量13 mm、预置涂层厚度0.5mm、激光脉冲频率15Hz、脉宽3.0ms.多道搭接实验结果表明,制备的熔覆层组织致密,与基体形成了冶金结合,主要强化相为WC1-x和V4C3,有裂纹存在.熔覆层平均显微硬度为600HV,最高达到682HV,约为基体(300HV)的2.3倍.添加50%Ni60自熔性合金,有效控制了熔覆层裂纹数量,显微硬度略有降低,最高为637HV,约为基体的2.1倍.

高钒铁碳合金中碳化钒的生长机制及形态控制研究综述

阐述了高钒合金优良的耐磨性能及碳化钒相对于耐磨性的意义,有关碳化钒形态的试验和理论研究。重点介绍了碳化钒形核和生长机制,各种变质剂对其形态的影响及变质机理最后对高钒合金中碳化钒相的研究提出几点建议。

高速钢热轧辊表面温度场的测定与应用

根据热轧生产过程中轧辊的实际边界条件,借助于有限元软件ANSYS建立了高速钢和高铬铸铁热轧辊温度场的数值计算模型,对其工作时的温度场进行了对比分析。结果表明:模型的计算结果与现场下机后辊面温度的实测数据比较吻合;在相同的轧制参数和冷却参数条件下,下机后高速钢轧辊表面温度高于高铬铸铁轧辊的;由于高速钢轧辊的导热率及摩擦因数较高铬铸铁的大,使其旋转一周后达到的最高温度较高铬铸铁轧辊的高65℃左右,达到582.5℃;结合现场的情况,优化了高速钢轧辊的冷却参数,可使其下机后的温度保持在65℃以下。

粉末冶金高速钢的发展

粉末冶金高速钢具有优良的性能,发展粉末冶金高速钢是高速钢发展的必然趋势。概述了粉末冶金高速钢的发展,包括高合金化引发新钢种、生产工艺、致密化工艺以及我国粉末冶金高速钢的应用现状。