Chemical composition and in vitro fermentation characteristics of high sugar forage sorghum as an alternative to forage maize for silage making in Tarim Basin, China

The chemical composition, mineral profile and in vitro fermentation characteristics of maize （MZ）, high sugar forage sorghum （HS） and forage sorghum （FS）, and silages made from each forage type were measured. The MZ and MZ silage （MZS） had higher crude protein, starch and ether extract contents than both sorghum forages and sorghum silages. HS had higher ash and water-soluble carbohydrate concentrations than FS and MZ. MZ, MZS, HS and HS silage （HSS） had lower neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and acid detergent lignin than FS and FS silage （FSS）. FSS had higher dry matter （DM） and pH than MZS and HSS. HSS contained higher concentrations of P and K than FSS and MZS. MZS and HSS had higher in vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibility, CH4 production, total volatile fatty acids, acetate and propionate than FSS. pH was higher for FSS than for HSS, and ammonia was lower for HSS than for MZS and FSS. HSS had higher gas production than MZS and FSS after 2, 4, 6 and 8 h incubation. MZS had higher gas production than HSS and FSS after 26 and 28 h of incubation. The results indicate that HS may substitute for MZ to make good quality silage. However, animal studies are needed to assess the acceptability and feeding values of HSS vs. MZS for ruminant production.

Conditioned Place Preference Deficits in Adulthood Following High Fat and High Sugar Diet Intake in Pre- and Periadolescence: A Test of the Specificity Hypothesis

Obesity is linked to poorer cognitive performance, both of which may result from eating high-fat foods during development. In the present study, pre-and periadolescent (postnatal days 21 to 40) male rats were fed high fat (HF), high sugar (HS), or rodent chow (Chow) diets. After conditioning for 16 days with either Cheetos? (high-fat) or Froot Loops? (high-sugar) unconditioned stimuli (US) on one side of a conditioned place preference (CPP) apparatus, rats were tested on postnatal day 61 for a place preference. Chow rats preferred the US-paired side, but HF rats showed no preference. HS rats preferred the side paired with Cheetos? but not with Froot Loops?. In spite of these deficits, object recognition, a nonassociative learning task, was not impaired. These results show mixed support for the specificity hypothesis, which predicts that CPP deficits will be nutrient-specific. The results show for the first time that eating a HS diet leads to a nutrient-specific CPP deficit (for HS foods), whereas eating a HF diet leads to a general CPP deficit (for HS and HF foods).

High Sugar-Fat Diet Induces Metabolic-Inflammatory Disorders Independent of Obesity Development

Background: The modern dietary habit, which is rich in refined carbohydrates and saturated fats, increases the risk of chronic diseases due to the proinflammatory effect of these nutrients. Aim: To evaluate the impact of high sugar-fat diet in the development of metabolic-inflammatory disorders in non-obese animals. Methods: Male Wistar rats were distributed into two groups according to the diet: control and high sugar-fat for 30 weeks. It was analyzed: dietary efficiency;chow, water and caloric intake;metabolic and hormonal profile in plasma and inflammatory cytokines in epididymal adipose tissue. Data were compared by Student’s t test or by Mann-Whitney U test with p Results: HSF presented lower chow intake, higher water consumption and dietary efficiency with no difference in the caloric intake. The final body weight (FBW) and weight gain (WG) were lower in the HSF group and there was no difference in the adiposity index (AI). HSF diet-induced hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia with no difference for Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Triglycerides, uric acid, adiponectin and leptin levels were higher in the HSF group. The HSF group showed increased interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumoral necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in epidydimal adipose tissue. The urinary protein-creatinine ratio and albuminuria were higher in the HSF group. Conclusion: HSF diet intake is directly involved in the development of metabolic-inflammatory disorders independent of obesity, dissociating the view that increased adiposity is the major risk factor for complications commonly found in obese individuals.

Phenolic Profile,Antioxidant,Antihyperlipidemic and Cardiac Risk Preventive Effect of Pigmented Black Rice Variety Chakhao poireiton in High-Fat High-Sugar Induced Rats

The present study aimed to investigate the hypolipidemic,antioxidant and cardiac risk-suppressing effects of Chakhao poireiton(CP),a GI-tagged pigmented black rice from India.In vitro and ex vivo studies confirmed that whole rice extracts of CP have potent antioxidant,3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase,cholesterol esterase inhibitory,and antilipase effects.An in vivo study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the ethanol extracts of CP on high-fat high-sugar induced hyperlipidemic rats.The ethanol extract significantly ameliorated lipid parameters and liver enzymes to normal.Levels of lactate dehydrogenase,creatine kinase-N-acetyl cysteine,C-reactive protein,and lipoprotein a were significantly lower in the extract-treated groups than those in the disease control group.A marked reduction of ApoB/ApoA1 and other atherogenic indices were observed in extract-treated groups.Twelve phenolic compounds,i.e.rosamarinic acid,gallic acid,protocatechuic acid etc.,were quantified in CP.This study provided the first evidence of the antihyperlipidemic and cardiac risk inhibitory effects of CP,which would be beneficial in preventing and managing hyperlipidemia,associated oxidative stress,and cardiac complications.

High Performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis of Sugars and Acid Components in ’Xintai Tianhong’ Hawthorn Fruit

[Objectives]This study was conducted to provide basic information for the utilization,quality control and deep processing of‘Xintai Tianhong’hawthorn fruit resources.[Methods]The contents of sugar and acid components in‘Xintai Tianhong’hawthorn fruit were determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).[Results]‘Xintai Tianhong’hawthorn fruit contained such four kinds of sugar components as fructose,sorbitol,glucose and sucrose,and such six kinds of organic acid components as oxalic acid,tartaric acid,malic acid,acetic acid,citric acid and succinic acid.The fruit had the highest sucrose content,accounting for 70.53%of the total sugar content,followed by fructose,glucose and sorbitol.For the organic acid components,the content of succinic acid was the highest,accounting for 47.32%of the total acid content,followed by citric acid,malic acid,oxalic acid and tartaric acid,and acetic acid had the lowest content.[Conclusions]‘Xintai Tianhong’hawthorn should be a succinic acid-type hawthorn variety,which can be used as a parent in genetic research and breeding practice.

Decrement of Sugar Consumption in Rice Young Panicle Under High Temperature Aggravates Spikelet Number Reduction

Two rice genotypes Huanghuazhan(HHZ, heat-resistant) and IR36(heat-susceptible) were subjected to high-temperature(HT, 40℃) and normal-temperature(NT, 32℃) treatments at the spikelet differentiation stage. HT treatment inhibited spikelet differentiation, aggravated spikelet degeneration, reduced spikelet size, and disordered carbohydrate allocation. Meanwhile, HT treatment increased nonstructural carbohydrate content in leaves, but decreased that in stems and young panicles, and the same tendencies of sucrose and starch contents were observed in leaves and stem. However, HT treatment significantly increased the sucrose content and sharply decreased the glucose and fructose contents in young panicles. Lower activity levels of soluble acid invertase(EC3.2.1.26) and sucrose synthase(EC2.4.1.13) were observed under HT treatment. Moreover, HT treatment reduced the activities of key enzymes associated with glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, which indicated sucrose consumption was inhibited in young panicles under HT treatment. Exogenous glucose and fructose applied under HT treatment increased the spikelet number more than exogenous sucrose. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that the reduction of spikelet number under high temperature was more affected by the decrease in sugar consumption than the blocking of sucrose transport. The impairment of sucrose hydrolysis was the main reason for the inhibition of sugar utilization.

EFFECTS OF ACUPUNCTURE ON THE HIGH HEMAGGLUTINATION STATE, BLOOD-SUGAR-RAISING HORMONE AND IMMUNOCYTE FACTOR LEVELS IN TYPE-II DIABETES PATIENTS

Objective: To investigate the effect of acupuncture on high hemagglutination state, blood sugar raising hormone and immunocyte factor levels in type II diabetes patients. Methods: A total of 120 inpatients and outpatients were randomly divided into acupuncture plus medication group (n=52) and medication group (n=50). In addition, 18 type II diabetes patients formed acupuncture group for comparing their therapeutic effects. Main acupoints used were Pishu (BL 20), Geshu (BL 17), Yishu, Shenshu (BL 23), Zusanli (ST 36), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), etc.. combined with other acupoints according to different sydroms. These acupoints were stimulated by manipulaing the filiform needles with uniform reinforcing and reducing method for 15 min and then stimulated electrically for 15 min with an electroacupuncture therapeutic apparatus. Western medicines used were Glipizide, Dimethyldiguanide Hydrochloride, etc.. The treatment was given once daily, with 10 sessions being a therapeutic course, 2～3 courses altogether. Indexes of external thrombosis length (ETL), platelet agglutination rate (PAgR), fibrinogen (FG), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fasting blood glucose (FBG), prothrombin time(PT), adrenocoticortropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol (CS), growth hormone (GH), glucagon (GL), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF α), interleukin 6 (IL 6), insulin (INS) and C peptide (C P) were determined using radioimmunoassay. Results: After 2～3 courses of treatment, both acupuncture group and medication plus acupuncture group could significantly improve high hemagglutination state, lower blood sugar raising hormone level, regulate immunocyte factor level and raise the sensitivity of insulin, which were apparently superior to those of medication group (P<0.05～0.01). Conclusion: Acupuncture therapy can effectively regulate plasma blood sugar raising hormone, immunocyte factor levels, increase the sensitivity of insulin to target cells, resist blood coagulation and improve microcirculation.

Expression of Genes Affecting Skin Coloration and Sugar Accumulation in Apple Fruits at Ripening Stages in High Temperatures

High temperature is one of the most important environmental factors that affect the successful cultivation of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh). The expression of genes related with anthocyanin synthesis and sugar accumulation by high temperature treatment was investigated in the fruits of “Fuji” apple at different developmental stages in different temperature conditions through real- time PCR. In the initial ripening stages in fruits, there was high expression of genes associated with fruit ripening, flavonoid compound accumulation, and coloration in high temperatures. Expression of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, chalcone synthase, flavone 3-hydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase genes increased gradually in initial ripening stages, while sharply reduced at 24 hr after treatment. In addition, there was no significant difference in the expression of all temperature treatments in late ripening stages. In the further work, investigation of expression levels of various genes could be conducted in the level of transcriptomes from fruits at the early stages to get meaningful information of ripening metabolism in apples in high temperatures.

枇杷叶提取物对高糖饮食诱导的黑腹果蝇代谢紊乱的缓解作用

为了探究枇杷叶提取物对高糖饮食诱导的代谢紊乱的缓解作用,以黑腹果蝇为研究对象,设置基础培养基、高糖培养基和分别添加1%、5%、10%枇杷叶提取物的含药培养基对黑腹果蝇进行培养,对各组黑腹果蝇的寿命、运动能力、生长发育指标、抗氧化能力、肠道完整性、肠道微生物多样性进行检测。结果表明,高糖饮食能造成黑腹果蝇代谢紊乱,在饮食中添加10%的枇杷叶提取物能通过延长黑腹果蝇寿命、提高老年黑腹果蝇的运动能力、提高黑腹果蝇卵的蛹化率和羽化率来提高黑腹果蝇的生长性能;通过提高黑腹果蝇体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,降低脂质过氧化物丙二醛(MDA)含量来提高黑腹果蝇的抗氧化能力;通过肠道菌群16S rRNA测序和分析发现,高糖饮食能导致黑腹果蝇肠道菌群失调,在饮食中添加10%枇杷叶提取物能通过提高菌群丰度、抑制肠炎相关菌群增殖、改变菌群组成等方式缓解菌群失调。结果显示,枇杷叶提取物可在一定程度上缓解高糖饮食造成的代谢紊乱。

Development and Installation of High Pressure Boilers for Co-Generation Plant in Sugar Industries

The sugar cane containing minimum 30% fiber was referred as bagasse and used the generation of power required for the operation of sugar mill. The bagasse is fired in the boiler for producing steam at high pressure, which is extracted through various single high capacity turbines and used in the process. The installation of high pressure boilers and high pressure turbo-generators has provision for the operation of co-generation plant during the off-season also that enhances the power generation from 9MW to 23MW. The annual monetary benefits achieved are Rs. 204.13 million and this was based on cost of power sold to the grid @ Rs 2.548 per unit, sugar season of 219 days and off season of 52 days. This required an investment of Rs 820.6 million. The investment had an attractive simple payback period of 48 months.

通心络对高糖高脂诱导人主动脉内皮细胞损伤的保护作用

目的探讨高糖高脂对人主动脉内皮细胞(HAECs)的影响及通心络的干预作用。方法经随机方式,将HAECs分为以下5组:通心络高、中、低浓度组,高糖高脂组和空白对照组。检测各组细胞生存活性、细胞上清液乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)含量、三磷酸腺苷(ATP)含量、线粒体膜电位(MMP)、细胞内活性氧簇(ROS)水平和细胞色素(Cyt)-C蛋白表达。结果与空白对照组比较,高糖高脂组MMP、ATP水平与细胞生存活性明显下降,细胞中ROS含量、细胞上清液LDH漏出量与Cyt-C蛋白表达皆明显上升(P<0.05,P<0.01);与高糖高脂组相比,通心络干预后细胞生存活性、ATP含量和MMP明显升高,细胞上清液LDH漏出量、细胞内ROS水平和Cyt-C蛋白表达明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论对于高糖高脂损伤的HAECs,通心络具有保护作用,相关保护机制可能和保护线粒体功能相关。

Type 2 Diabetes—Hard to Select a Healthy Choice

Introduction: The use of foods containing high levels of sugar is increasing all the time. This is a risk factor for increased incidence of type 2 diabetes. There are few studies that have investigated the availability of low-sugar müsli products in grocery stores. Purpose: The study aims to identify which types of müsli contain high respectively low levels of sugar, and which brands are involved. Methods: The material consists of both qualitative interviews and observations from five grocery stores: City Gross, Hemköp, Ica Maxi, Stora Coop and Willy’s in Helsingborg, Sweden. The qualitative interviews had a semi-structured character and were recorded. The interviews took approx. 20 minutes and a textual analysis was conducted of the results. Data from observation was analyzed based on brand, nutritional composition and flavors, and also, where low sugar products were placed on store shelves. Results: The grocery stores provided together brands from AXA, Coop, Finax, Frebaco, Garant, ICA, Risenta, Saltå Kvarn och Urtekram, in total 24 müsli products. Of these products, 19 were high in sugar. The observation reveals that müsli products with high sugar content (17 - 29 g per 100 g müsli) are more prominently displayed than those with low sugar content. From the interviews with the store managers, it became clear that it would be valuable to highlight healthy müsli products on the shelves. However, central bureaucracy puts obstacles to such measures. Discussion: The study emphasizes the need for increased visibility of low-sugar products and proposes solutions such as negotiating with responsible person at the head office in Stockholm. Several reviews have shown that if the grocery store raises the prices of unhealthy food, the consumer is willing to purchase healthier müsli and other products. Conclusion: This study shows the need for grocery stores to upgrade healthy müsli products along with advertising to be able to influence customer’s shopping habits. Also, further research is needed how type 2 diabetes is affected by high intakes of food products with high sugar content.

An Analysis of Health Factors Affecting Employees’ Absenteeism: Influences of HDL Cholesterol and Blood Sugar Levels

Background: Workers’ health condition is an important issue. It affects not only the well-being of workers but also the firms and society as a whole through medical costs and productivity losses due to absenteeism and presenteeism. Data and Methods: Data were obtained from 1136 employees at an operational site of a large corporation. The dataset contained both medical checkups and working record information. Health factors affecting long-term absence (over three days in three months) were analyzed. Logistic regression models and the procedure for selecting proper covariates based on likelihood test statistics and the Akaike information criterion were used. Results: Among health factors, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and blood sugar levels were important in the selected model. For HDL-C, the odds ratio (OR) based on one standard deviation difference was 0.75 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.59 - 0.95. For blood sugar, the OR was 1.20 with a 95% CI of 1.01 - 1.42. Improving HDL-C and blood sugar levels would reduce long-term absence by 25% and 20%, respectively. Conclusion: Controlling HDL-C and blood sugar levels is important to reduce long-term absenteeism. These factors can be improved by modifying eating habits. Since the operational site has its own company cafeterias, which most employees use, nutritional intervention is relatively easy with little or no cost. It may be worthwhile to implement nutritional intervention, especially for patients with low HDL-C or high blood sugar levels. Limitations: The results of this study were based on one operational site of a corporation. The employees were mainly operators working inside the building. The results may be different from other types of jobs and working conditions, such as fieldwork. Analyses of different types of jobs and working conditions are necessary.

“双高”糖料蔗基地小型泵站供电电源方案设计

广西优质高产高糖糖料蔗基地建设需要配套建设大量的水利灌溉泵站,而泵站供电电源设计方案及相关电气设备选型直接关系到泵站建设投资及后续运行维护费用。通过分析对比小型泵站供电电源10kV高压侧接入方式、电力变压器型式及接线组别选择、高压侧开关选用方案,提出了相应的设计优选建议。

崇左市甘蔗主要品种应用现状分析与建议

为全面地了解崇左蔗区的甘蔗主要品种应用现状,为产业工作者制定相关政策、开展相关研究等提供参考,研究分析了崇左市甘蔗主产县(区)的近6个榨季甘蔗生产情况。研究结果表明,新品种、新技术的示范引导以及相关政策的实施,取得了较好的成效;崇左市蔗区种植面积保持稳定,桂糖42号等高产高糖良种的应用程度进一步提升,提高了蔗农和制糖企业的效益,但也存在品种结构多元化不足、脱毒种苗应用较少、机收水平低等问题。建议继续加强支持甘蔗产业稳定发展,加强区域性新品种的选育与推广、良种繁育基地建设、脱毒种苗的生产以及良种繁育技术的研发应用;开展针对性配套栽培技术的研发以重点提升蔗区主栽品种的生产表现,进一步发挥良种效应;加强适应不同地形地貌收割机械的研发、宜机收品种的选育与推广,多途径措施提升蔗区机收水平。

持续高糖状态对Kv11.1离子通道蛋白表达的影响

目的:探讨持续高浓度葡萄糖干预对Kv11.1离子通道蛋白表达的影响。方法:①采用双酶切法和基因重建技术将HERG基因插入到表达绿色荧光蛋白的真核表达载体pEGFP-N1中,构建Kv11.1离子通道蛋白的表达载体pEGFP-N1-HERG并测序验证。②pEGFP-N1-HERG表达载体鉴定成功后经脂质体转染HEK293T细胞,并通过不同糖浓度(5、17.5、30mmol/L)干预细胞48h后流式细胞仪检测细胞HERG离子通道蛋白绿色荧光平均表达量。结果:流式细胞仪检测pEGFP-N1-HERG融合蛋白平均荧光强度于不同浓度葡萄糖持续干预后分别为218.87(5mmol/L)、174.83(17.5mmol/L)、142.90(30mmol/L),三组间比较差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论:持续高糖状态抑制Kv11.1离子通道蛋白的表达,为糖尿病患者长期高糖状态时QT间期延长提供理论依据并奠定实验基础。

高糖饲料及添加缩合单宁对花鲈生长性能、体成分、血清代谢物、肠道短链脂肪酸含量及激素基因表达的影响

本试验旨在研究高糖饲料及添加缩合单宁(CT)对花鲈生长性能、体成分、血清代谢物、肠道短链脂肪酸含量及激素基因表达的影响。选取480尾初始体重为(10.85±0.02)g的健康花鲈,随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复40尾鱼。3组分别饲喂常规饲料(含20.0%面粉,G1组)、高糖饲料(含45.8%面粉,G2组)和添加CT的高糖饲料(含45.8%面粉和0.1%CT,G3组)。试验期56 d。结果表明:1)与G1组相比,G2组花鲈终末体重、增重率和特定生长率显著降低(P<0.05),饲料系数、肥满度、肝体比和脏体比显著提高(P<0.05);与G2组相比,G3组终末体重、增重率和特定生长率显著提高(P<0.05),饲料系数显著降低(P<0.05)。2)与G1组相比,G2组和G3组花鲈全鱼水分、粗蛋白质和粗灰分含量显著降低(P<0.05)。3)在投喂后1 h,G2组花鲈血清葡萄糖含量显著高于G1组和G3组(P<0.05);而在投喂后3和6 h,各组之间血清葡萄糖含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。G2组花鲈血清谷草转氨酶活性和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量显著高于G1组和G3组(P<0.05),G1组和G3组上述指标无显著差异(P>0.05)。4)各组花鲈肠道中乙酸、丁酸和总短链脂肪酸含量由高到低依次为G1组>G3组>G2组,且组间差异显著(P<0.05)。5)G2组花鲈肠道中胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)、胰高血糖素样肽-2(GLP-2)、钠依赖性葡萄糖共转运载体1(SGLT1)、钠依赖性葡萄糖共转运载体2(SGLT2)和葡萄糖转运载体2(GLUT2)的mRNA相对表达量显著低于G1组和G3组(P<0.05),G2组肠道中YY肽(PYY)的mRNA相对表达量显著高于G1组和G3组(P<0.05),G1组和G3组之间上述指标均无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,高糖饲料可提高花鲈血清葡萄糖含量,诱导肝脏损伤,降低肠道短链脂肪酸含量以及胰高血糖素样肽和葡萄糖转运载体基因的表达量,抑制花鲈的生长和营养物质沉积。高糖饲料中添加0.1%CT可修复花鲈肝脏损伤,通过调控肠道激素的基因表达,降低血清葡萄糖含量,提高花鲈生长性能。

高糖环境下药桑提取物脱氧野尻霉素对MC3T3-E1细胞的影响

目的研究药桑提取物脱氧野尻霉素(1-Deoxynojirimycin,DNJ)在高糖环境下对MC3T3-E1细胞的增殖和成骨分化的作用。方法取P4代MC3T3-E1细胞,在50 mmol/L的高糖环境下通过细胞毒性检测试剂盒(Cell dountingkit-8,CCK-8)检测不同浓度的DNJ(10 mmol/L、1 mmol/L、100μmol/L、10μmol/L、1μmol/L、100 nmol/L、10 nmol/L、1 nmol/L)干预对MC3T3-E1细胞增殖的影响,筛选出后续实验研究的DNJ浓度。取培养至对数生长期的MC3T3-E1细胞,按不同干预方式分为:空白组(完全培养基)、高糖组(50 mmol/L糖浓度的完全培养基)、实验组[50 mmol/L糖浓度的完全培养基+不同浓度DNJ(100、10、1μmol/L)溶液]。使用流式细胞技术检测细胞的凋亡和活性氧,采用ELISA试剂盒检测细胞上清液中AGEs和IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的含量,通过碱性磷酸酶染色及活性检测MC3T3-E1细胞的早期成骨能力的影响,通过茜素红染色和定量检测MC3T3-E1细胞的晚期成骨能力,采用RT-PCR检测IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、Bax、Bcl-2、IGF-1、ALP、OCN、OSX、Col-1和Runx2的mRNA表达情况。结果高糖环境下,100、10、1μmol/L的DNJ可以促进MC3T3-E1细胞增殖。与高糖组相比,实验组凋亡率、活性氧含量、细胞上清液中AGEs、IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α含量降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。RT-PCR结果表明,与高糖组相比,实验组Bax、IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的mRNA表达降低,Bcl-2、IGF-1、ALP、OCN、OSX、Col-1和Runx2的mRNA表达升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在高糖环境下,一定浓度范围内DNJ能够抑制MC3T3-E1细胞的凋亡和炎症因子的产生,促进成骨细胞的分化。

谷物多酚降糖降脂作用的研究进展

糖尿病和肥胖症危害着人体的健康,且发病率在逐年增加。因此如何预防和治疗糖尿病和肥胖症已经成为了亟待解决的重要问题。谷物中富含具有生物活性的酚类化合物,可分为黄酮类和非黄酮类化合物,具有抗氧化、降糖降脂、抗炎等作用。近年来谷物多酚类化合物降糖降脂效果显著,其机理也被进一步阐明。文章从多酚通过调节代谢酶活性、抑制氧化应激、改善糖脂代谢紊乱、加速机体能量消耗、调控信号通路、调节肠道菌群等因素来起到降糖降脂的效果,论述了谷物多酚降糖降脂的机制和对高脂高糖老鼠模型中起到的降糖降脂作用,以期为谷物多酚在防控糖尿病和肥胖症方面的应用提供参考。

高糖补饲对围产期牦牛生长性能、血清生化及抗氧化指标的影响

试验旨在研究高糖补饲对围产期牦牛生长性能、血清生化及抗氧化指标的影响。选择健康、体重相近(约200 kg)的雌性围产期牦牛16头,随机分为2组,每组8个重复,每个重复1头牦牛。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮基础上补饲1.25 g/(kg·d)高糖饲粮。预试期7 d,正式试验期从产前第21 d开始到产后第28 d结束。结果显示:与对照组相比,试验组牦牛平均日增重(ADG)显著提高(P<0.05);产前第14 d,牦牛血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性极显著提高(P<0.01);产前第7 d,牦牛血清生长激素(GH)、尿素氮(BUN)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、GSH-Px、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)水平极显著提高(P<0.01),牦牛血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著降低(P<0.05);分娩当天,牦牛血清GH、BUN、葡萄糖(GLU)、ALP、GSH-Px水平极显著提高(P<0.01),牦牛血清谷草转氨酶(AST)活性极显著降低(P<0.01),牦牛血清雌激素(E_(2))、孕酮(P_(4))含量显著提高(P<0.05);产后第7 d,牦牛血清GH、BUN、GLU、胆固醇(TC)、磷(P)、GSH-Px、T-AOC水平极显著提高(P<0.01),牦牛血清AST、丙二醛(MDA)、SOD水平极显著降低(P<0.01),牦牛血清ALP活性显著提高(P<0.05);产后第14 d,牦牛血清GH、白蛋白(ALB)、TC、P含量极显著升高(P<0.01),牦牛血清AST活性显著降低(P<0.05);产后第21 d,牦牛血清GH含量极显著升高(P<0.01),牦牛血清TC含量显著升高(P<0.05)。研究表明,高糖补饲可以提高围产期牦牛的生长性能和抗氧化能力。