High temperature sliding wear behaviors of ion plating TiN composite coating with ion nitriding as interlayer on hot work die steel

High temperature sliding wear behaviors of ion plating TiN composite coating with ion nitriding interlayer on 3Cr2W8V hot work die steel substrate during 500～700 ℃ were investigated. Phase structure was analyzed by XRD and adhesion strength of TiN coating was measured by scratch test. The worn morphologies and wear mechanism of TiN composite coating were observed and analyzed by using SEM. The results showed that both adhesion strength and hardness of TiN composite coating with ion nitriding interlayer are higher than those of single TiN coating. Ion nitriding interlayer provides a stronger support for TiN coating. With increasing temperature, the wear rates and friction coefficient of all tested coatings increase. The wear resistance of TiN composite coating is better than that of single TiN coating. The wear mechanisms of TiN composite coating are mainly adhesion transfer wear and abrasive wear. The adhesion transfer wear becomes more severe as the test temperature increases. [

High-temperature tribological performance of functionally graded Stellite 6/WC metal matrix composite coatings manufactured by laser-directed energy deposition

Wear-driven tool failure is one of the main hurdles in the industry.This issue can be addressed through surface coating with ceramic-reinforced metal matrix composites.However,the maximum ceramic content is limited by cracking.In this work,the tribological behaviour of the functionally graded WC-ceramic-particlereinforced Stellite 6 coatings is studied.To that end,the wear resistance at room temperature and 400°C is investigated.Moreover,the tribological analysis is supported by crack sensitivity and hardness evaluation,which is of utmost importance in the processing of composite materials with ceramic-particle-reinforcement.Results indicate that functionally graded materials can be employed to increase the maximum admissible WC content,hence improving the tribological behaviour,most notably at high temperatures.Additionally,a shift from abrasive to oxidative wear is observed in high-temperature wear testing.

High-temperature frictional wear behavior of MCrAlY-based coatings deposited by atmosphere plasma spraying

Al2O3-r2O03/NiCoCrAIYTa coatings were prepared via atmosphere plasma spraying （APS）. The microstructure and phase com- position of the coatings were analyzed by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, laser confocal scanning microsco- py （LSCM）, and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The dry frictional wear behavior of the coatings at 500℃ in static air was inves- tigated and compared with that of 0Cr25Ni20 steel. The results show that the coatings comprise the slatted layers of oxide phases, unmelted particles, and pores. The hot abrasive resistance of the coatings is enhanced compared to that of 0Cr25Ni20, and their mass loss is approxi- mately one-fifteenth that of 0Cr25Ni20 steel. The main wear failure mechanisms of the coatings are abrasive wear, fatigue wear, and adhe- sive wear.

Oxidation performance of Fe-Al/WC composite coatings produced by high velocity arc sprayed at 800 ℃

Fe-Al/WC intermetallic composite coatings were prepared by high velocity arc spraying (HVAS) technology on 20G steel and the oxidation performance of Fe-Al/WC composite coatings was studied. The results demonstrate that the kinetics curve of oxidation approximately follows the logarithmic law and the oxidation velocity of Fe-Al/WC composite coatings is less than that of 20G steel after 5 h. The composition of oxidized coating is mainly composed of Al2O3, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 and FeO. These phases distribute unevenly. The protective Al2O3 film firstly forms and preserves the coatings from further oxidation.

Studies on High Temperature Oxidation of Electrodeposited RE-Ni-W-P-SiC Composite Materials

The oxidation of the Electrodeposited RE-Ni-W-P-SiC Composite materials at high temperature is investigated. The results show that during high temperature oxidation the relationship between the mass change of pure Ni, Ni-W-P, Ni-W-P-SiC or RE-Ni-W-P-SiC coatings and the oxidation time follows a mixed curve, i.e. it is approximately a linear relationship when the oxidation time is less than 60 mins while it is a power function relationship when the oxidation time is over 60 mins. The order for the oxidation rate of the four coatings is Ni> Ni-W-P> Ni-W-P-SiC>RE-Ni-W-P-SiC. The mass change of Ni-W-P, Ni-W-P-SiC or RE-Ni-W-P-SiC coatings increases exponentially with a rise of oxidation temperature. The high temperature-oxidation resistance of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite material is 3-4 times than that of Ni-W-P alloy coating. The cross section morphologies and X-ray diffraction patterns indicate that the high temperature-oxidation resistance of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coating is better than any other coatings.

Oxidation Performance of Fe-Al/WC Composite Coatings Produced by High Velocity Arc Sprayed at 650 ℃

The Fe-Al/WC intermetallic composite coatings have been prepared by high velocity arc spraying(HVAS) technology on 20G steel and the oxidation performance of Fe-Al/WC composite coatings has been studied by means of thermogrativmetic analyzer. The results demonstrate that the kinetics curve of oxidation approximately follows the logarithmic law. The composition of the oxidized coating surface mainly is composed of A12O3, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 and FeO which distribute unevenly. The protective A12O3 film firstly forms and preserves the coatings from further oxidation.

High-temperature Oxidation Resistant Coatings Composed of YSZ Particles Packaged by Nano-Al_2O_3 Film

The alloy performance to resist high-temperature oxidation is mainly determined either by the formation of oxide scales or by the deposition of oxide coatings on the surface of alloys.In the former case,a protective oxide scale,such as Al_2O_3,Cr_2O_3 and SiO_2,can be selectively formed by adjusting the composition of alloys.Even if the oxide scale on the surface of alloys is spalled,new oxide can grow continuously,so the oxidation of alloys can be inhibited effectively.In the latter case,theoretically, depositing oxygen diffusion barrier oxide coatings,such as Al_2O_3,Cr_2O_3 and SiO_2,can prevent alloys from oxidation as well.However,the integrity of these oxide coatings can not maintain for a long time,owing to the thermal stress produced by the difference of the expansion coefficients between the oxide coatings and alloy substrates.Consequently,the ability to resist high-temperature oxidation by depositing such oxide coatings should be disappeared.Therefore,an oxide coating possessed both properties to act as an excellent oxygen diffusion barrier and match a suitable expansion coefficient with alloy substrate,is the basic conditions for the coating to maintain the ability to resist high-temperature oxidation of alloys. Based on above-mentioned idea,a novel composite oxide coating has been developed to obtain two kinds of functions,to act as an oxygen diffusion barrier and to adjust the expansion coefficient of coating as required.Figure 1 shows the schematic diagram of such novel oxide coating.This coating is composed of ZrO_2-8%Y_2O_3(YSZ) particles packaged by nano-Al_2O_3 film.The nano-Al_2O_3 film has a bubble-like structure,each YSZ particle is packaged in an Al_2O_3 bubble.Owing to YSZ is a good conductor for oxygen ions,so oxygen diffusion in this composite coating is determined by the walls of Al_2O_3 bubbles or the nano-Al_2O_3 film.If the thickness of all walls of Al_2O_3 bubbles in the direction perpendicular to the surface of alloy is over a critical value,the Al_2O_3 bubbles can act as an excellent oxygen diffusion barrier. Owing to YSZ has a high thermal expansion coefficient,so the thermal expansion coefficient of coatings can be easily increased by enhancing the ratio of YSZ to Al_2O_3 in these coatings. These composite coatings have been prepared by an improved sol-gel method.Firstly, YSZ particles packaged Al_2O_3 gel film were painted or deposited by electrophoresis on the alloy surface. Then,the specimens were treated by thermal pressure filtration to get primary coatings without cracks.Finally,the primary coatings were sintered in microwave furnace to obtain compact coatings. It is demonstrated from the result of cycling oxidation experiment that both of the hightemperature oxidation resistance and oxide spallation resistance are increased obviously with the ratio of YSZ to Al_2O_3 in the coatings,which are much superior to that of MCrAlY coatings.Therefore, these novel coatings can be used to protect various kinds of alloys from high-temperature oxidation,and can be also served as the interlayer in the thermal barrier coating system.

Oxidation performance of Fe-Al/WC composite coatings produced by high velocity arc spraying

Fe-Al intermetallics with remarkable high-temperature intensity and excellent erosion, high-temperature oxidation and sulfuration resistance are potential low cost high-temperature structural materials. But the room temperature brittleness induces shape difficult and limits its industrial application. The Fe-Al intermetallic coatings were prepared by high velocity arc spraying technology with cored wire on 20G steel, which will not only obviate the problems faced in fabrication of these alloys into useful shapes, but also allow the effective use of their outstanding high-temperature performance. The Fe-Al/WC intermetallic composite coatings were prepared by high velocity arc spraying technology on 20G steel and the oxidation performance of Fe-Al/WC composite coatings was studied by means of thermogrativmetic analyzer at 450, 650 and 800℃. The results demonstrate that the kinetics curve of oxidation at three temperatures approximately follows the logarithmic law. The composition of the oxidized coating is mainly composed of Al2O3, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 and FeO. These phases distribute unevenly. The protective Al2O3 film firstly forms and preserves the coatings from further oxidation.

Effect of ball peening of substrate on microstructure, phase evolution and properties of electrophoretically deposited YSZ/(Ni,Al) composite coatings

YSZ/（Ni, Al） composite coatings were deposited on Inconel600 superalloy with ball peening （BP） and without （non BP）treatment using the electrophoretic deposition （EPD） technique, followed by vacuum sintering method. The structures and phaseevolution of the coatings were studied with X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and energy dispersivespectrometry （EDS）. The relation between microstructures and properties of the BPs-coated samples was discussed. The results showthat the adhesion strength and gain mass of the BPs-coated samples with isothermal oxidation at 1100℃ for 100 h are 3.3 N and0.00817 mg/cm^2, respectively, while those of the non-BPs-coated sample are 2.6 N and 0.00559 mg/cm^2, respectively. The EDSmapping analysis indicates that an obvious outward diffusion of Cr from the substrate to BPs coated samples occurs after isothermaloxidation. The BPs-coated sample shows the superior adhesion and oxidation resistance compared with non-BPs-coated samples.

Preparation of TiAl_3-Al composite coating by cold spraying

TiAl3-Al coating was deposited on orthorhombic Ti2AlNb alloy substrate by cold spraying with the mixture of pure Al and Ti as the feedstock powder at a fixed molar ratio of 3-1 when the spraying distance,gas temperature and gas pressure for the process were 10 mm,250 ℃ and 1.8 MPa,respectively.The as-sprayed coating was then subjected to heat treatment at 630 ℃ in argon atmosphere for 5 h at a heating rate of 3 ℃/min and an argon gas flow rate of 40 mL/min.The obtained TiAl3-Al composite coating is about 212 μm with a density of 3.16 g/cm3 and a porosity of 14.69% in general.The microhardness and bonding strength for the composite coating are HV525 and 27.12 MPa.

Processing and oxidation of co-deposited Ni-Al coatings

Electrodeposited Ni matrix/Al microparticles or nanoparticles dispersed composite coatings (termed as EMCCs or ENCCs) are developed from a Ni-based electrolyte bath. The Al microparticles are in a size range of 1 -5 μm and the Al nanoparticles in an average size of 75 nm. The Al content in coatings increases with increase in the particle content in the bath. Particle size effect on the degree of codeposition is not significant. However, codeposition of Al nanoparticles instead of microparticles promotes more homogenous growth of Ni deposits on {111}, {200} and {220} planes. The oxidation at 1 050 ℃ of the as-deposited composite coatings shows that at a comparable Al content, ENCC of Ni-Al exhibits a better oxidation resistance than EMCC of Ni-Al due to the fast formation of an alumina scale during the transient stage of oxidation.

改性碳纤维-MoS_(2)复合涂层的高温摩擦学性能研究

为了改善高温下固体润滑复合涂层的稳定性,选择经过化学改性的纳米碳纤维对MoS_(2)涂料进行性能优化,制备添加不同比例的改性粉末的涂料.通过对粉末进行XPS、红外和形貌分析,表明碳纤维已经改性.借助CFT-I型高速往复摩擦磨损试验机分别在不同温度条件下进行摩擦试验,利用超景深显微系统对不同条件涂层表面磨损的形貌进行观测,对磨损机理进行分析,探究添加量的最优比例.试验结果表明:在试验温度分别为20、50和100℃时,添加质量分数1.5%CF-GO(氧化石墨烯改性碳纤维)涂料制备的涂层耐磨性能均优于其他的添加比例的涂层.在干摩擦5 N载荷,试验温度为200℃时,添加质量分数1.5%CF-GO的涂层比未改性的涂层的磨痕深度、宽度分别减少66.1%、29.2%,涂层的耐磨性能有了很大的提高,进一步采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析涂层的内部形貌可知,添加质量分数1.5%的CF-GO时,涂层内部形成清晰的网状结构,从而使得该比例下的涂层同时具有抗高温变形、耐磨以及耐热等优异的性能.

结构钢电沉积Co-W/CeO_(2)复合镀层及其性能研究

选择CeO_(2)颗粒作为复合相,利用电沉积技术在普通结构钢表面制备出Co-W/CeO_(2)复合镀层,并研究镀液中CeO_(2)颗粒浓度对复合镀层的微观形貌、化学成分、结合力、硬度、耐磨性能以及高温抗氧化性能的影响。结果表明:Co-W/CeO_(2)复合镀层与基体结合牢固,表面分布着类似胞状的晶粒团聚体,其化学成分为Co、W、Ce和O元素。随着镀液中CeO_(2)颗粒浓度从2 g/L升高到15 g/L,复合镀层的晶粒团聚体尺寸差异先减小后增大,吸附在晶粒团聚体表面及边界处的CeO_(2)颗粒量先增多后减少,导致复合镀层的硬度、耐磨性能和高温抗氧化性能都呈先增强后下降的趋势。当镀液中CeO_(2)颗粒浓度为8g/L时,Co-W/CeO_(2)复合镀层的晶粒团聚体大小较为均匀,具有良好的致密性,其表面粗糙度仅为0.39μm。该复合镀层的硬度较Co-W合金镀层增大约76 HV,表现出良好的耐磨性能和高温抗氧化性能,摩擦系数和氧化增重量仅为0.43和0.74mg/cm^(2)。

Microstructure and high-temperature oxidation behavior of plasma-sprayed Si/Yb2SiO5 environmental barrier coatings

An environmental barrier coating(EBC) consisting of a silicon bond coat and an Yb2-SiO5 top-coat was sprayed on a carbon fibers reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composite(CMC) by atmospheric plasma spray(APS). The microstructure of the coating annealed at 1300 ℃ and its high-temperature oxidation behavior at 1350 ℃ were investigated. The significant mass loss of silica during the plasma spray process led to the formation of Yb2SiO5 and Yb2O3 binary phases in the top-coat. Eutectics of Yb2SiO5 and Yb2O3 were precipitated in the top-coat, and channel cracks were formed in the top-coat after 20 h annealing because of the mismatch between the coefficients of thermal expansion(CTEs) of Yb2SiO5 and the SiC substrate. The EBC effectively improved the oxidation resistance of the CMC substrate. The channel cracks in the Yb2SiO5 top-coat provided inward diffusion channels for oxygen and led to the formation of oxidation delamination cracks in the bond coat, finally resulting in spallation failure of the coating after 80 h oxidation.

GH907高温合金表面电弧离子镀NiCoCrAlY/AlSiY复合涂层的高温抗氧化性能研究

为提高GH907高温合金在750℃下高温抗氧化性能。在GH907合金表面采用电弧离子镀技术(AIP)制备NiCoCrAlY/AlSiY复合涂层。系统开展复合涂层的高温抗氧化行为和机理研究,利用XRD、SEM和EDS等微尺度分析表征方法,全面解析氧化过程中物相的结构特征、氧化产物成分及表/截面形貌特征。结果试验表明,750℃氧化500 h后,GH907高温合金氧化层(FeO,Fe_(2)O_(3))萌生大量裂纹,氧化层发生大面积剥落。基体呈迅速氧化增重趋势,500 h质量增重值为22.38 mg/cm^(2)。相比之下,NiCoCrAlY/AlSiY复合涂层在氧化实验中,由于形成连续且致密的Al2O3屏障层,有效抑制氧气内扩散,延缓GH907高温合金发生氧化反应的影响。氧化80 h质量增重为6.37 mg/cm^(2),随后质量增重率趋于稳定,500 h复合涂层质量增重值仅有7.68 mg/cm^(2)。结论由此表明,NiCoCrAlY/AlSiY复合涂层可以显著提高GH907高温合金高温抗氧化性能。

先进航空发动机高温功能涂层研究进展

航空发动机是飞机的“心脏”。先进航空发动机正在向高推重比、高效率、低油耗和长寿命方向发展。以热障涂层、热/环境障复合涂层、高温隐身涂层等为代表的高温功能涂层应用于航空发动机关键热端部件,起着提升发动机服役性能、服役寿命和安全可靠性的重要作用。本文以热障涂层、热/环境障复合涂层、高温隐身涂层等为例,系统概述了近年来国内外以及北京航空航天大学在高温功能涂层材料设计、涂层制备科学与技术、涂层性能评价表征等方面的研究进展,并展望了先进航空发动机新型高温功能涂层所面临的挑战和发展动向。未来先进高温功能涂层的研究重点将集中在多功能复合涂层、极端环境适应性和工艺适配性等方面。

IN718激光熔覆Co-WC/Cu复合涂层组织与摩擦学性能研究

为提高IN718高温合金运动部件在极端环境中的服役寿命,采用激光熔覆在其表面制备了Co (S1)、Co-5%WC-5%Cu (S2)和Co-5%WC-15%Cu (S3)(质量分数)这3种耐磨减摩复合涂层,系统分析了复合涂层的显微硬度以及室温(RT)和600℃环境中的摩擦学性能.结果表明:溶解的WC重新凝固析出碳化物,起到第二相强化的作用,未溶解的WC边缘析出针状物与Co基基体稳固结合.在室温下Cu可以充当固体润滑剂(Cu膜),在600℃下由CuO氧化膜以及Cu膜起减摩作用. 3种涂层的显微硬度均是基体(268.89HV0.5)的1.7倍以上,分别是478.69HV0.5、481.73HV0.5和458.51HV0.5.摩擦学性能明显优于基体,其中S2涂层在室温和600℃环境下均拥有优异的耐磨性,分别提高84.4%和64.9%,减摩效果最好的是S2涂层(RT)和S3涂层(600℃),分别提高26.9%和26.7%.室温下3种复合涂层的磨损行为由氧化和疲劳磨损主导,600℃时由氧化和黏着磨损主导.

等离子喷涂NiCrAl/Cr_(2)O_(3)/V_(2)O_(5)-Bi_(2)O_(3)复合涂层的制备及其高温摩擦行为研究

采用等离子喷涂制备了NiCrAl/Cr_(2)O_(3)/V_(2)O_(5)-Bi_(2)O_(3)复合涂层,并对涂层在600℃下的摩擦学行为进行了研究.结果表明:通过共混球磨、粘接团聚的方法,可制备出微米级且具有较好团聚形貌的V_(2)O_(3)-Bi_(2)O_(3)复合粉体,能够作为Ni基复合涂层的等离子喷涂喂料.复合涂层在600℃的平均摩擦系数为0.33,且得益于良好高温自润滑性能、以及添加Cr_(2)O_(3)能够缓解V_(2)O_(5)-Bi_(2)O_(3)对涂层硬度的不利作用,因而复合涂层磨损率(3.84×10^(-4)mm^(3)/N·m)约为纯NiCrAlY涂层的一半.在高温摩擦下,复合涂层磨痕内生成以BiVO4为主的多元氧化物摩擦化学产物,并表现出易剪切滑移特征,这是复合涂层良好高温自润滑性的主要原因.

高低温交替海洋环境下NiCoCrAlY/AlSiY复合涂层的腐蚀失效机理

为探究NiCoCrAlY/AlSiY复合涂层在高低温交替海洋环境中的腐蚀损伤和退化机理,通过设计高-低温氧化交替和高温氧化-酸性盐雾交替试验,对NiCoCrAlY/AlSiY复合涂层腐蚀损伤开展研究。试验结果表明,经750℃高-低温交替氧化50次循环后,涂层在氧化试验中发生氧化侵蚀,但表面结构完整性并未受到破坏。试验结束后合金质量仅增加了3.87 mg/cm^(2),表明涂层有效抑制了氧气向内部发生扩散,避免了基体遭受氧化侵蚀。在50次高温氧化-酸性盐雾交替循环过程中,NiCoCrAlY/AlSiY复合涂层发生了严重的腐蚀降解,试验结束后合金质量高达13.52 mg/cm^(2)。氧化层结构因长期的盐雾侵蚀导致表面松动,萌生腐蚀孔洞甚至发生脱落。随着高温氧化-酸性盐雾交替循环次数的增加,引起涂层损伤的临界反应由氧化侵蚀转变为热腐蚀。混合盐共晶反应生成的氯气作为催化载体,加速了氧化产物的生长,证明NiCoCrAlY/AlSiY复合涂层在高温氧化-酸性盐雾交替环境下的抗腐蚀性能较弱。

煤油流量对HVOF喷涂FeCrMoSi-Ti_(3)SiC_(2)涂层高温摩擦磨损性能的影响

目的提高燃煤锅炉四管的耐磨性能。方法使用喷雾造粒技术制备FeCrMoSi/Ti_(3)SiC_(2)复合粉末,并利用超音速火焰喷涂技术(HVOF)在12CrMoV基体上制备煤油流量分别为26、28、30、32 L/h的复合涂层。使用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)及其自带的能谱仪(EDS)、Raman、维氏显微硬度计和摩擦磨损试验机研究FeCrMoSi/Ti_(3)SiC_(2)粉末及其涂层相组成、组织结构,检测涂层的力学性能,并对涂层在800℃下的摩擦学性能和磨损机理进行系统分析。结果粉末物相主要由Ti_(3)SiC_(2)、Fe-Cr和TiC组成,涂层的物相与粉末类似,但是新产生了SiC相,且随着煤油流量的升高,Ti_(3)SiC_(2)物相逐渐分解。当煤油流量为30、32 L/h时,涂层内Ti_(3)SiC_(2)物相大量分解。涂层的硬度和断裂韧性随着煤油流量的升高表现出先升高、后降低的趋势,孔隙率和磨损率呈现先减小、后增大的趋势。当煤油流量为28 L/h时,涂层磨损率最低,约为5.44×10^(-15)m^(3)/(N·m)。结论煤油流量为28 L/h时,涂层表面生成的SiO_(2)、TiO_(2)和Fe_(2)O_(3)等氧化物均匀分布在磨痕和对偶球表面,有效阻挡了对偶球和涂层的直接接触,使得涂层显示出最优异的摩擦学性能。涂层的主要磨损机制为氧化磨损和黏着磨损。