Experimental study on liquid immiscibility of lamprophyre-sulfide melt at high temperature and high pressure and its geological significance

With lamprophyre and pyrite from the Laowangzhai gold deposit, Yunnan Province, China, as starting materials, and at pressures from 1.5 to 3.0 GPa and temperatures from 1160 to 1560℃ , an experimental study was carried out on the liquid immiscibility of lamprophyre-sulfide melt at high temperature and ultra-high pressure in the DS-29A cubic 3600T/6-type high pressure apparatus. Results showed that the liquid immiscibility of lampro-pyre-sulfide melt in the magmatic system would happen during the early magmatic evolution (high temperature and high pressure conditions) and was controlled by temperature and pressure. The sulfide melt which was separated from the lamprophyric melt would make directional movement in the temperature and pressure field and assemble in the low-temperature and low-pressure region. Because the density of SM is higher than that of the lamprophyric melt, the former would gather together at the bottom of the magma chamber and there would exist a striking boundary between the two melts. On the other hand, the results also suggested that there would be little possibility for lampro-phyric magma to carry massive gold, and lamprophyres can't provide many of oreforming materials (Au) in the processes of gold mineralization.

Effect of high density pulse electric current on solidification structure of low temperature melt of A356 alloy

The effect of high density pulse electric current (HDPEC) on the solidification structure of the low temperature melt(LTM) of commercial A356 alloy was investigated. In the experiments, the HDPEC was discharged in the LTM (953?K, 903?K and 873?K). By the control experiments, the results showed that the solidification structure of the LTM of A356 alloy is refined apparently when the HDPEC is discharged in low temperature melt. However, the holding time of melt treated has an adverse effect on the solidification structure. The longer the holding time of the melt treated with HDPEC, the coarser the microstructure. With the same discharge voltage, the lower the temperature of LTM, the more obscure the refinement of solidification structure. Finally, the mechanism of microstructure refining by HDPEC was analyzed.

Effect of La_2O_3 on microstructure and high-temperature wear property of hot-press sintering FeAl intermetallic compound

FeAl intermetallic compound with different contents of rare earth oxide La2O3 addition was prepared by hot pressing the mechanically alloyed powders.Effect of La2O3 on microstructure and high-temperature wear property of the sintered FeAl samples was investigated in this paper.The results showed that 1 wt.% La2O3 addition could refine the microstructure and increase the density of the FeAl intermetallic compound,and correspondingly improved the high-temperature wear resistance.SEM and EDS analyses of the wo...

Characteristics of urea under high pressure and high temperature

The properties of urea under high pressure and high temperature(HPHT) are studied using a China-type large volume cubic high-presentation apparatus(CHPA)(SPD-6 × 600).The samples are characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), x-ray diffraction(XRD), and Raman spectroscopy.By directly observing the macroscopic morphology of urea with SEM, it is confirmed that the melting point of urea rises with the increase of pressure.The XRD patterns of urea residues derived under different pressures show that the thermal stability of urea also increases with the increase of pressure.The XRD pattern of the urea residue confirms the presence of C3H5N5O(ammeline) in the residue.A new peak emerges at 21.80°, which is different from any peak of all urea pyrolysis products under normal pressure.A more pronounced peak appears at 708 cm^-1 in the Raman spectrum, which is produced by C-H off-plane bending.It is determined that the urea will produce a new substance with a C-H bond under HPHT, and the assessment of this substance requires further experiments.

Molecular Dynamics Simulation of MgO Melting at High Pressure

Molecular dynamics simulation was used to study the melting of MgO at high pressures. The melting temperature of MgO was accurately obtained at elevated temperature and high pressure after corrections based on the modern theory of melting. The calculated melting curve was compared with the available experimental data and other theoretical results at the pressure range of 0-135 GPa. The corrected melting temperature of MgO is in good agreement with the results from Lindemann melting equation and the two- phase simulated results below 15 GPa.

Recovery of high purity silicon from SoG crystalline silicon cutting slurry waste

The composition and size distribution of cutting waste were characterized. The Si-rich powders were obtained from the cutting waste using a physical sedimentation process, and then further purified by removing impurity using acid leaching. The effects of process parameters such as acid leaching time, temperature and the ratio of solid to liquid on the purification efficiency were investigated, and the parameters were optimized. Afterwards, the high-purity Si ingot was obtained by melting the Si-rich powders in vacuum furnace. Finally, the high purity Si with 99.96%Si, 1.1×10^-6 boron （B）, and 4.0×10^-6 phosphorus （P） were obtained. The results indicate that it is feasible to extract high-purity Si, and further produce SoG-Si from the cutting slurry waste.

Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties at high temperature of selective laser melted AlSi10Mg

In this study,the microstructure and tensile properties of selective laser melted AlSilOMg at elevated temperature were investigated with focus on the interfacial region.In-situ SEM and in-situ EBSD analysis were proposed to characterize the microstructural evolution with temperature.The as-fabricated AlSilOMg sample presents high tensile strength with the ultimate tensile strength(UTS)of~450 MPa and yield strength(YS)of~300 MPa,which results from the mixed strengthening mechanism among grain boundary,solid solution,dislocation and Orowan looping mechanism.When holding at the temperature below 200℃for 30 min,the micro structure presents little change,and only a slight decrement of yield strength appears due to the relief of the residual stress.However,when the holding temperature further increases to 300℃and 400℃,the coarsening and precipitation of Si particles inα-Al matrix occur obviously,which leads to an obvious decrease of solid solution strength.At the same time,matrix softening and the weakness of dislocation strengthening also play important roles.When the holding temperature reaches to 400℃,the yield strength decreases significantly to about 25 MPa which is very similar to the as-cast Al alloy.This might be concluded that the YS is dominated by the matrix materials.Because the softening mechanism counteracts work hardening,the extremely high elongation occurs.

Effect of post heat-treatment on the microstructure and high-temperature oxidation behavior of precipitation hardened IN738LC superalloy fabricated by selective laser melting

The present study investigated the effect of as-built and post heat-treated microstructures of IN738LC alloy fabricated via selective laser melting process on high temperature oxidation behavior.The as-built microstructure showed fine cell and columnar structure due to high cooling rate.Ti element segregation was observed in inter-cell/inter-columnar area.After post heat-treatment,the initially-observed cell structure disappeared,instead bimodal Ni_3(Al,Ti)particles formed.High temperature(1273 K and 1373 K)oxidation test results showed parabolic oxidation curves regardless of temperature and initial microstructure.The as-built IN738LC fabricated via the selective laser melting process displayed oxidation resistance similar to or slightly better than that of IN738LC fabricated via wrought or cast process.Heat-treated SLM IN738LC,although had similar oxidation weight-gain values to those of the SLM asbuilt material at 1273K,showed relatively better oxidation resistance at 1373 K.Bimodal Ni_3(Al,Ti)precipitate formed in the post heat treatment changed the local chemical composition,thereby led to changes in alumina former/chromia former location and fraction on the alloy surface.It was concluded that in heat-treated IN738LC increased alumina former fraction was found,and this resulted in excellent oxidation resistance and relatively low weight-gain.

Microstructure and mechanical behavior of Inconel 625 alloy processed by selective laser melting at high temperature up to 1000℃

Mechanical behavior of Inconel 625 alloy manufactured by selective laser melting(SLM)was experimentally studied.Tensile tests were performed at various temperatures(20,540,760,815,870,950 and 1000℃).The microstructures and fracture mechanism were investigated using optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS).The SLM Inconel 625 exhibits excellent plastic deformation at low temperature.However,significant embrittlement for the SLM Inconel 625 was found at elevated temperatures compared to low temperature and traditional forging process.Through microstructure studies,the non-homogenous microstructure is a key factor causing the intergranular cracking mode at elevated temperature.Moreover,carbides were found to form at the grain boundary at elevated temperatures.These carbides could weaken the strength of the grain boundary at elevated temperatures,which decreased the tensile strength and ductility of the alloy processed by SLM.

Partial Melting and Its Implications for Understanding the Seismic Velocity Structure within the Southern Tibetan Crust

In order to constrain the crustal wave velocity structure in the southernTibetan crust and provide insight into the contribution of crustal composition, geothermal gradientand partial melting to the velocity structure, which is characterized by low average crustalvelocities and widespread presence of low-velocity zone(s), the authors model the crustal velocityand density as functions of depth corresponding to various heat flow values in light of velocitymeasurements at high temperature and high pressure. The modeled velocity and density are regarded ascomparison standards. The comparison of the standards with seismic observations in southern Tibetimplies that the predominantly felsic composition at high heat flow cannot explain the observedvelocity structure there. Hence, the authors are in favor of attributing low average crustalvelocities and low-velocity zone(s) observed in southern Tibet mainly to partial melting. Modelingbased on the experimental results suggests that a melting percentage of 7-12 could account for thelow-velocity zone(s).

Molecular dynamics of MgSiO3 perovskite melting

The melting curve of MgSiO3 perovskite is simulated using molecular dynamics simulations method at high pressure. It is shown that the simulated equation of state of MgSiO3 perovskite is very successful in reproducing accurately the experimental data. The pressure dependence of the simulated melting temperature of MgSiO3 perovskite reproduces the stability of the orthorhombic perovskite phase up to high pressure of 130GPa at ambient temperature, consistent with the theoretical data of the other calculations. It is shown that its transformation to the cubic phase and melting at high pressure and high temperature are in agreement with recent experiments.

Congruent melting of tungsten phosphide at 5 GPa and 3200℃ for growing its large single crystals

As one of important members of refractory materials,tungsten phosphide(WP)holds great potential for fundamental study and industrial applications in many fields of science and technology,due to its excellent properties such as superconductivity and as-predicted topological band structure.However,synthesis of high-quality WP crystals is still a challenge by using tradition synthetic methods,because the synthesis temperature for growing its large crystals is very stringently required to be as high as 3000℃,which is far beyond the temperature capability of most laboratory-based devices for crystal growth.In addition,high temperature often induces the decomposition of metal phosphides,leading to off-stoichiometric samples based on which the materials'intrinsic properties cannot be explored.In this work,we report a high-pressure synthesis of single-crystal WP through a direct crystallization from cooling the congruent W-P melts at 5 GPa and^3200℃.In combination of x-ray diffraction,electron microscope,and thermal analysis,the crystal structure,morphology,and stability of recovered sample are well investigated.The final product is phase-pure and nearly stoichiometric WP in a single-crystal form with a large grain size,in excess of one millimeter,thus making it feasible to implement most experimental measurements,especially,for the case where a large crystal is required.Success in synthesis of high-quality WP crystals at high pressure can offer great opportunities for determining their intrinsic properties and also making more efforts to study the family of transition-metal phosphides.

Vaporization and Thermodynamics of Glass-Forming Oxide Melts: Mass Spectrometric Study and Modeling

Information on the vaporization processes and thermodynamic properties of glass-forming oxide melts in the systems MgO-B2O3-SiO2, CaO-B2O3-SiO2, SrO-B2O3-SiO2, BaO-B2O3-SiO2, PbO-B2O3-SiO2, CdO-B2O3-SiO2, ZnO-B2O3-SiO2, Bi2O3-B2O3-SiO2 and Bi2O3-GeO2-SiO2 together with the earlier obtained data is discussed. These data were obtained by high-temperature mass spectrometric method. Various types of vapor species were found over oxide systems studied such as the associated, dissociated and polymerized products of vaporization. The regularities of the vaporization of the binary and multicomponent glass-forming oxide melts were illustrated and discussed from the point of view of the acid-base concept. Results on determination of thermodynamic functions in oxide systems were considered taking into account the main requirements for the confirmation of their reliability. The generalized lattice theory of associated solutions was used for the calculation of thermodynamic properties of the ternary silicate melts studied. Using this approach the different levels of deviations from the ideality in the melts under investigation were clarified. The relative numbers of bonds of various types formed in the melts considered were also calculated based on the generalized lattice theory of associated solutions.

Reintegrating nanogranitoid inclusion composition to reconstruct the prograde history of melt-depleted rocks

A recent fascinating development in the study of high-grade metamorphic basements is represented by the finding of tiny inclusions of crystallized melt(nanogranitoid inclusions) hosted in peritectic phases of migmatites and granulites. These inclusions have the potential to provide the primary composition of crustal melts at the source. A novel use of the recently-published nanogranitoid compositional database is presented here. Using granulites from the world-renowned Ivrea Zone(NW Italy) on which the original melt-reintegration approach has been previously applied, it is shown that reintegrating melt inclusion compositions from the published database into residual rock compositions can be a further useful method to reconstruct a plausible prograde history of melt-depleted rocks. This reconstruction is fundamental to investigate the tectonothermal history of geological terranes.

不同密度准东高铁煤熔融特性

研究不同密度准东高铁煤灰熔融特性,可探究准东高铁煤灰不均匀熔融规律。用有机重液浮沉法分离准东高铁煤不同密度组分,测定各煤样低温灰化后矿物组成及煤灰化学组成、熔融温度,经XRD和SEM-EDS分析熔融灰矿物组成、微观形貌和元素分布。发现准东高铁煤分离出不同密度组分主要分布于1.40~1.50 g/cm^(3),占51.79%,煤中铁赋存形态主要为硫铁矿及少量菱铁矿;煤灰中元素不同,分离出组分密度也不同,且随Fe元素含量增加煤样组分密度增大,在密度组分>1.50 g/cm^(3)的制备煤灰中Fe元素质量分数达67.50%;各组分灰成分差异大,煤中Fe是影响熔点主要因素之一,可显著降低整体煤灰熔融温度;结合高温灰样XRD与SEM-EDS分析,不同密度组分中钙铝黄长石含量增加是导致灰熔融温度增加的原因;Fe、Mg主要富集于轮廓较明显块状灰颗粒,Si和Ca主要富集于熔融区域,且随密度增大块状颗粒含量增多;块状灰颗粒矿物主要为镁铁氧化物和赤铁矿,熔融区域矿物主要为钙铝黄长石,在1300℃煤灰中熔融区域与块状颗粒并未熔合,可知高铁煤中Fe主要存在于煤中外来矿物,且含钠矿物与钙铝黄长石发生低温共熔,熔融区域熔点降低。

Experimental study of the metamorphic reaction involving melt under high temperature and high pressure

High P_T experiment with natural massive rock sample of garnet biotite plagioclase gneiss indicates that the metamorphic reaction involving melt (reaction between relic mineral phase and melt) is the most important reaction in granulite_facies metamorphism and accompanies anatexis process.

球形粉体制备技术研究进展

【目的】球形粉体由于具有更好的流动性和均匀性被广泛应用于增强材料、涂料、陶瓷、3D打印等领域。为了满足不同行业对粉体材料的表面特性和物理性能要求,提升产品性能,降低工艺损失,促进绿色制造,对球形粉体制备技术的研究现状进行总结和思考。【研究现状】综述球形粉体常见制备技术,包括传统物理法(机械整形法和喷雾干燥法)、化学法(气相化学反应法、沉淀法、水热合成法、溶胶凝胶法及微乳液法)和高温熔融法(等离子体球化法、雾化法和气体燃烧火焰成球法),总结上述方法的优势及目前的局限性,重点阐述不同球形粉体材料制备技术的基本原理与应用领域的研究进展。【展望】对球形粉体制备技术的发展趋势进行分析与展望,认为高温熔融法是最具实现大规模工业化生产潜力的球形粉体制备技术,提出高纯超细、窄分布、粒径可控、高球化率、高效率工业智能化绿色生产是我国未来球形粉体制备技术的发展趋势。

SLM成形IN718合金高温持久各向异性影响因素

为研究激光选区熔化(selective laser melting,SLM)成形IN718持久各向异性的影响因素,对其打印态分别进行固溶时效(solution treatment and aging,SA)和直接时效(direct aging,DA)处理,采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜及电子背散射衍射对两种状态试样xOy面及yOz物相、显微组织和织构进行表征,并在690 MPa,650℃下对两种状态的横向/纵向试样进行持久性能测试,测试后对断口和截面裂纹进行了表征分析量化研究.研究表明,DA态试样很大程度保持了打印态的显微组织,有明显熔池痕迹.晶粒尺寸几乎没有变化.显微组织中有大量偏析,XRD显示有衍射强度微弱的MC相的峰.而SA态试样晶粒尺寸及分布与DA态试样类似,同时存在大范围的δ相析出.横向/纵向试样的高温持久性能的差异随着加载时裂纹萌生点数量差异的减小而减小.垂直于应力加载轴向的熔池结构及晶界结构的差异是影响其高温持久各向异性的关键因素.

退火温度对激光熔化沉积TC31高温钛合金组织与性能的影响

为改善激光熔化沉积TC31高温钛合金力学性能,本文通过光学显微镜、SEM、TEM和力学性能测试的方法研究了退火温度对合金中组织演化行为的影响,及其与合金室温和650℃高温力学性能的关系。结果表明:组织中初生α相含量随着退火温度升高而降低,其溶解主要发生在950℃以上,980℃退火后含量仅为29%。当退火温度超过930℃时,初生α相片层宽度明显增加。随着退火温度升高,α/β界面处析出的(Ti,Zr)6Si3相尺寸增加,且进入α相片层内部。合金在800~1000℃退火时,合金室温拉伸屈服强度随退火温度升高趋于降低。受相界面析出的硅化物聚合长大及α相片层尺寸增加等因素影响,合金高温屈服强度随退火温度升高先降低后增加。合金经过1000℃退火后,呈现良好的高温性能,其650℃下抗拉强度达657 MPa、屈服强度约为466 MPa、延伸率27%。

低熔点合金高低温循环浸渍杨木的性能及机理研究

利用气-液相变自驱动原理,选用Sn-Bi-Pb低熔点合金(LMPA),通过木材含水率的调控及采用高低温交替循环浸渍法,在不破坏木材本身结构的条件下制备了金属化杨木,探讨了低熔点合金在木材中的渗透机理,并分析了金属化杨木的增重率、吸水率、顺纹抗压强度及导热性能。结果表明:提高木材的含水率并在高低温循环条件下浸渍有助于LMPA渗透到木材导管中,当杨木的含水率为60%时,其增重率高达52.47%;浸泡144 h后的吸水率比对照样减小了78.4%,顺纹抗压强度提高了33.75%,导热系数是对照样的2.6倍,在地暖地板领域显示出较好的应用前景。