INFLUENCE OF MINERAL ADMIXTURES ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE CONCRETE

The improvements of the mechanical properties, including bulk density of fresh mixtures, elastic modulus, and compressive strengths of four high-performance concrete mixtures, made with the addition of fly ash, refined ground blast - furnace microslag (microslag) and silica fume are studied. The concrete mixtures were determined based on the dispersion testing results. The study indicates that the elastic modulus at 28 and 91 days, and compressive strengths of the concretes are improved a lot when fly ash and microslag by 25 percent by weight of cement are added into the mixtures individually. The improvement is especially evident when silica fume by 5 percent and fly ash by 25 percent by weight of cement are added together into the mixture, while the fresh concrete mixture keeps a good workability. Through the analysis of chemically combined water ratios of the four mixtures at various hydration ages, it is found that the addition of all these mineral mixtures are beneficial to the hydration process, especially, at later stages, which might be one of the reasons for the improvement of mechanical properties. (Author abstract) 4 Refs.

Performances of the High Strength Low Heat Pump Concrete (HLPC)

The effects of mineral admixtures on fluidity,mechanical and hydrational exothermic behavior were studied.The results show that,double adding ways,i e,fly ash and slag were added at the same time,not only improves the fluidity of fresh concrete with low W/B and compensates the lower early compressive strength of harden concrete caused by high adding amount of fly ash, but also greatly reduces the highest temperature rise, exothermic rate and total heat liberation of 3 day of binder pastes in HLPC, and postponed the arrival time of the highest temperature rise. HLPC was prepared and applied to project practice successfully.

The Corrosion Fatigue Properties of High Performance Concrete

With the loading test equipment of corrosion fatigue specially designed, the corrosion fatigue characteristics of high performance concrete (HPC) withstanding the interaction of third point fatigue loading and Na_2SO_4 solution were investigated and analyzed. The experimental results indicate that water-binder ratio evidently influences the corrosion fatigue characteristics of HPC, and a moderate quantitative fine mineral admixture enhances the corrosion fatigue resistance of HPC. The effect is more significant when fly ash and silica fume are added.

A Survey of High Performance Concrete Developments in Civil Engineering Field

High Performance concrete (HPC) has received increased attention in the development of infrastructure Viz., Buildings, Industrial Structures, Hydraulic Structures, Bridges and Highways etc. leading to utilization of large quantity of concrete. This paper presents a comprehensive coverage of High Performance concrete developments in civil engineering field. It highlights the High Performance concrete features and requirements over conventional concrete. Furthermore, recent trends with regard to High Performance Concrete development in this area are explored. This paper also includes effect of Mineral and Chemical Admixtures used to improve performance of concrete.

Properties and Microstructure of Marine Concrete with Composite Mineral Admixture

The influences of compositing mineral admixtures on the regularity of mechanical property, workability, durability and microstructure of C50 marine concrete were investigated. The results show that the incorporation of mineral admixtures can improve the mechanical properties and workability of C50 marine concrete, 3 min-doped mineral admixture had excellent resistance to chloride ion permeability. The microscopic structure mixing mineral admixtures system was well-distributed and compact, little macroporeare can be found.

Resistance to chemical attack of bittern-resisting cement in high-bittern environment

A new kind of bittern-resisting cement （BRC） was introduced. This material is based on the ternary cementitious system of clinker containing C4A3 S phase, high-activity ground granulated blast-furnace slag （GGBFS） and fly ash （FA）. The hydration process and the hydrated products of BRC were studied by means of XRD, TG-DTA and SEM, and the resistance to chemical attack of BRC in high-bittern environment was also examined. The corrosion experiment in seven kinds of brines proved that BRC exhibits an excellent resistance to chemical attack of bittern. The corrosion resistance factors were calculated and all of them were greater than 0.96. It showed that BRC totally controls the cement-based material corrosion in brines from four aspects： （1） making full use of the dominant complementation effect of mineral materials; （2） diminishing the hydrated products easy to be attacked; （3） improving the microstructure of hardened cement mortar; （4） degrading the chemical attack of bittern.

Effects of Curing Conditions on Strength Development of High Strength Concrete

This paper presents the results of a series of studies on the influence of curing conditions on the strength development of high strength concrete. The 1-, 3-, 7-, 14- and 28-day strengths of four different mixes of Grade 75 similar to 80 concrete, with or without pulverized fuel ash and/or condensed silica fume, under five different curing regimes were investigated. It is revealed that the curing conditions have significant influence on both the short term and long term strength development of the concrete and that concrete mixes of the same grade but containing different mineral admixtures show distinct favour for a curing regime. These results will be helpful for evaluating suitable curing methods for high strength concrete with different mix proportions.

Effect of mineral additives and permeability reducing admixtures having different action mechanisms on mechanical and durability performance of cementitious systems

In this paper,the effect of usage of the permeability reducing admixture(PRA)having different action mechanisms on hardened state properties of cementitious systems containing mineral additives is examined.For this aim,three commercial PRAs were used during investigation.The effective parameters in the first and third PRAs were air-entraining and high-rate air-entraining,respectively.The second one contained the insoluble calcium carbonate residue and had a small amount of the air-entraining property.Mortar mixes with binary and ternary cementitious systems were prepared by partially replacing cement with fly ash and metakaolin.The hardened state properties of mortar mixtures such as compressive strength,ultrasonic pulse velocity,water absorption,drying shrinkage and freeze-thaw resistance were investigated.The ternary cement-based mixture having both fly ash and metakaolin was selected as the most successful mineral-additive bearing mix in regard to hardened state properties.In this sense,PRA-B,with both insoluble residues and a small amount of air-entraining properties,showed the best performance among the mixtures containing PRA.The combined use of mineral additive and PRA had a more positive effect on the properties of the mixes.

石灰石-煅烧黏土-水泥(LC^(3))体系的水化动力学模型

石灰石-煅烧黏土-水泥(LC^(3))是一种新型复合建筑材料,在满足水泥可持续生产和节能减排方面具有优良的应用前景。本工作通过考虑煅烧黏土和石灰石矿物掺合料的稀释效应、成核作用和火山灰反应等影响作用,提出了一种评估LC^(3)混凝土化学和力学性能的水化动力学模型。根据动力学模型,分析计算了不同掺量情况下LC^(3)胶凝体系的累计水化热、氢氧化钙含量和结合水总量。通过将模型分析结果与试验结果相比较,证明了所建立的模型可较好地模拟LC^(3)水泥胶凝体系的水化进程。结果表明,在一定掺量范围内,LC^(3)水泥胶凝体系的水化程度与掺量成正比,而氢氧化钙含量、结合水总量和累计水化热与之成反比,LC^(3)材料用于水泥辅助胶凝材料时的推荐掺量为25%~35%。

高岩温环境下矿物掺合料对喷射混凝土强度和抗渗性的影响

针对高岩温隧道环境下喷射混凝土出现后期强度下降及耐久性劣化等问题,研究了80℃干热养护条件下不同矿物掺合料(粉煤灰、矿粉、硅灰)在单掺以及二元、三元复掺情况下对喷射混凝土长期强度稳定性、抗水渗透性能和抗氯离子渗透性能的影响,并通过分析硬化混凝土气泡结构参数揭示其提升机理。结果表明:单掺5%硅灰或复掺10%矿粉+5%硅灰可以明显改善喷射混凝土的长期强度稳定性及抗渗性,56 d抗压强度无倒缩,渗水高度分别降低至78、101 mm。三元复掺体系(10%粉煤灰+10%矿粉+5%硅灰)喷射混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性能最佳,其28、56 d氯离子扩散系数分别降低至6.4×10^(-12)、13.0×10^(-12)m^(2)/s。

氯盐结晶作用下掺合料对海工HPC性能的影响

通过6 mol/L的NaCl溶液半浸泡和干湿循环实验,对海洋环境氯盐结晶作用进行模拟,研究了氯盐结晶作用下矿物掺合料对海工HPC(高性能混凝土)性能的影响。结果表明:混凝土在氯盐结晶作用下,相对动弹模量和抗压强度后期均呈现下降趋势,其中干湿循环的盐结晶破坏作用最为严重;由于盐溶液毛细上升原因,混凝土在泛霜结晶区也产生明显的氯离子渗透。在28 d等抗压强度下,掺矿物掺合料明显有助于提高混凝土抗盐结晶破坏和抗氯离子渗透性能,其中干湿循环90次后的混凝土,氯离子渗透深度仅约为空白混凝土的2/5。通过微观分析发现,盐结晶破坏主要与混凝土中存在的大孔和毛细孔有关。

高镁磷尾矿作为矿物掺合料应用于混凝土性能研究

高镁磷尾矿是磷矿反浮选过程产生的固体废弃物,主要矿物相为白云石、少量氟磷灰石和石英。将磷尾矿烘干粉磨后制成磷尾矿粉,分析了磷尾矿粉粒径分布、毒害性,参照GB/T51003—2014《矿物掺合料应用技术规范》测定了磷尾矿粉相关性能指标。以水泥、磷尾矿粉、粉煤灰为凝胶材料,制备了不同强度等级C30、C40、C50及C60混凝土,测定了混凝土工作性能、力学性能,并分析了掺磷尾矿粉水泥浆不同水化龄期的矿物组成。结果表明,经过烘干粉磨后,磷尾矿粒径D_(90)由133.1μm降至63.4μm,烧失量为39%、28d活性指数为70%、亚甲蓝值小于1.4、流动度比大于100%。当磷尾矿粉占总凝胶材料10%时配制的C60混凝土,坍落度为230mm、28d强度为64.1MPa、90 d强度为78.6 MPa;在养护龄期为90 d时,磷尾矿粉水泥硬化体中出现新矿物相水滑石,有利于混凝土后期强度增长。磷尾矿粉可作为矿物掺合料用于制备混凝土。

高流态疏水型洗砂泥固化剂研究

针对洗砂泥固化过程中存在的固化土流动性差、渗透性强、强度低等问题,开发了一种高流态疏水型洗砂泥固化剂。研究设计了7种不同配比的固化剂,通过测试固化土的流动度、吸水率、抗压强度、水稳定性等指标,评价了不同配比对固化土性能的影响。研究结果表明,组合2(42.5水泥30%+粉煽灰16%+矿渣24%+氧化镁10%+聚羧酸3.5%+硬脂酸钙4.5%+硅酸钠12%)综合表现最佳,具有良好的流动性、强度、抗渗性和水稳定性。合理选择减水剂、憎水剂种类和用量,并适量掺入矿物掺合料是提升固化土综合性能的关键。相比传统普通水泥基和掺合料型固化剂配比,本研究提出的高流态疏水型固化剂配方性能更佳,具有一定的创新性和实用价值,可有效解决洗砂泥固化过程存在的问题,促进该领域技术的发展。

经济环保型超高性能混凝土力学性能试验研究

为了减少制备超高性能混凝土(Ultra-High Performance Concrete,UHPC)消耗大量水泥造成的CO_(2)高排放,降低施工成本,推广UHPC的应用。研究使用工业副产品作为矿物掺合物部分取代水泥、机制砂或海砂完全取代石英砂在标准养护条件下制备的经济环保型UHPC的力学性能。结果表明:硅灰的掺入提高了UHPC的抗折和抗压强度,当硅灰掺量为30%时,UHPC试件的28 d抗压和抗折强度较基准组分别提高了20.89%和27.30%;粉煤灰和矿粉的掺入均会降低UHPC的抗折和抗压强度;钢纤维的掺入能够显著提高UHPC的强度,掺入2.0%的钢纤维时,UHPC试件的抗折和抗压强度分别提高了9.75%和56.21%;采用机制砂或海砂完全取代石英砂制备的UHPC试件的28 d抗折和抗压强度仅出现略微下降。制备的经济环保型机制砂或海砂UHPC具有良好的力学性能,可应用于工程结构。

生态混凝土胶凝材料配合比优化试验研究

以42.5级硫铝酸盐水泥作为研究对象进行改性处理,对生态混凝土胶凝材料的配合比进行了优化研究。针对生态混凝土生态护坡时碱度偏高,无法达到植生要求的问题,兼顾生态混凝土的抗压强度,通过选择不同的矿物掺合料进行胶凝材料的试配试验,并测定其性能。结果表明,将硫铝酸盐水泥作为胶凝材料的主要成分是可行的;在胶凝材料中掺入矿物掺合料能够降低碱度,但效果并不明显;石膏相对于其他矿物掺合料具有更强的控碱能力,且制备的生态混凝土的抗压强度也达到了较为理想的水平;在硫铝酸盐水泥中掺入5%硅灰、20%石膏和15%矿粉,可使生态混凝土的碱度和抗压强度达到较为理想的状态。

矿物掺合料对FHPC性能影响及其尺寸效应研究

为提高纤维高强混凝土(FHPC)的性能,探究了硅灰、I级粉煤灰和S95矿渣粉在不同掺量和掺加方式下对FHPC力学性能及尺寸效应的影响。结果表明单掺矿物掺料中,S95矿渣粉对提高FHPC抗压强度和抗折强度效果最好,硅灰次之,I级粉煤灰效果最弱。当I级粉煤灰与S95矿渣粉以1:2复掺时,FHPC的抗压强度显著提高;硅灰与S95矿渣粉以1:1复掺时,FHPC的抗折强度提升效果最好。同时加入3种掺合料,保持硅灰掺量不变的情况下,I级粉煤灰与S95矿渣粉以1:1复掺,可以显著提高FHPC的力学性能。此外,低水胶比下FHPC的抗压抗折强度尺寸效应更为显著,但随着水胶比的增加,FHPC的抗压抗折强度尺寸效应逐渐减弱。

超高性能水泥基自流平砂浆的试验研究

为了改善传统混凝土面层找平应用砂浆带来施工效率低、自流平效果差、流动性低的缺陷,试验研究超高性能水泥基自流平砂浆。通过水胶比试验确定最优水胶比;外加剂单因素试验研究对砂浆流动度、强度、黏度等影响;多元胶凝材料体系研究对砂浆性能综合影响,并确定最佳配合体系。试验结果表明:(1)适宜水胶比能够使浆体稳定性提高,最佳水胶比0.25,初始流动度146 mm,28 d抗折强度6.64 MPa,28 d抗压强度26.97 MPa。(2)保水增稠剂改善砂浆泌水及提高均匀度,最佳掺量0.65 g时,砂浆黏度值为1 275 m Pa·s;乳胶粉决定拉伸黏结强度,最佳掺量4.5 g时,拉伸黏结强度值达到1.56 MPa。(3)最佳胶凝材料体系为水泥∶矿渣粉∶粉煤灰∶石膏=340 g∶30 g∶30 g∶30 g,流动度更高,强度不减弱,综合性能指标更优。

高强钢筋连接套筒灌浆料配制与性能试验研究

为研究应用于装配式建筑钢筋连接的套筒灌浆料,做了抗压强度等级C80套筒灌浆料配合比及性能影响规律试验研究。通过单因素试验研究了水胶比、矿物掺合料、胶砂比对套筒灌浆料性能影响规律及作用机理。试验结果得出:(1)水胶比增大,初始及30 min流动度均逐渐增大,1 d、3 d、28 d抗压强度均逐渐减小,确定最终试验最佳水胶比为0.245。(2)石膏对于竖向膨胀率影响显著,石膏比例4.5%时膨胀率值达到最大值,3 h、24 h分别为0.09%、0.24%;粉煤灰对于流动度影响显著;适宜硅灰掺量能够提高28 d强度。得出胶材最佳比例m(水泥)∶m(石膏)∶m(粉煤灰)∶m(硅灰)=89%∶3%∶5%∶3%。(3)胶砂比能够提高强度,降低流动度,试验最佳胶砂比为1.1,初始流动度达到315 mm,28 d抗压强度达到88.99 MPa。

生态型超高性能混凝土的研究进展

超高性能混凝土(UHPC)在工作性能、力学性能和耐久性方面表现优异,被认为是混凝土未来发展的重要方向。然而,该材料在环保方面存在一定不足,不利于沙漠周边地区的建设和发展。可以采用工业副产品的矿物掺合料来减少超高性能混凝土中水泥的用量。同时,通过在细骨料中掺入沙漠砂,制作生态型超高性能混凝土,可以有效降低环境的负担。这种改进后的生态型超高性能混凝土在满足工程要求的前提下,更符合环保要求,为沙漠地区和其他地区的建设提供了一种可行的、环保的解决方案。本文主要讨论了矿物掺合料和沙漠砂对超高性能混凝土的影响,提出生态型超高性能混凝土的未来发展。

易流型大掺量石灰石粉复合掺合料性能研究

针对甘肃平凉地区大量石灰石粉得不到有效利用的问题,本文将当地的石灰石粉和粉煤灰、矿粉、降粘剂等进行复合,制备出满足JG/T 486—2015《混凝土用复合掺合料》中石灰石粉掺量不低于80%的易流型复合掺合料,研究单掺及大掺量石灰石粉复合掺合料对水泥胶砂性能的影响。结果表明:提升石灰石粉的比表面积,可以改善胶砂的流动性,提高其抗压强度,但强度的提高有限;单掺石灰石粉制备的胶砂性能较差,无法满足JG/T 486—2015《混凝土用复合掺合料》的要求和工程需要,建议和其他矿物掺合料复掺使用;三元复合掺合料的性能优于二元复合掺合料,当石灰石粉掺量为掺合料总量的80%,矿粉和降粘剂掺量均为10%时,复合掺合料的性能最佳,SF2石灰石粉复合掺合料的流动度比达到111%、7 d活性指数为71.38%、28 d活性指数为74.71%。