Breeding of National Authorized New Wheat Variety Shannong 116 and Supporting Cultivation Technical Measures for High Yield, High Quality and High Efficiency

Shannong 116 is a strong gluten,high yield and multi-resistance wheat variety bred by Shandong Agricultural University,which was approved by the State in 2021 and by Shandong Province in 2022.Shannong 116 combines the excellent characteristics of the female parent(strong gluten,disease resistance and early maturity)and the male parent(high yield,water saving and lodging resistance),with a plant height of 76.9 cm,compact plant type,orderly spike layer and good maturity performance,which is suitable for large-scale promotion and market order planting in Huanghuai wheat area.In this paper,the characteristics of Shannong 116 are analyzed,and cultivation technical measures for high yield,high quality and high efficiency are put forward,in order to provide a technical support for the popularization and application of the variety.

Analysis of High Yield and Efficiency Technique in Hybrid Rice Zhongzheyou No.1

To understand the high yield and efficiency technique in hybrid rice Zhongzheyou No. 1, we conducted the correlation analysis, regression analysis and path analysis of hybrid rice Zhongzheyou No. 1 based on the data of its ear, grain and weight at different yield levels. From this study, we put forward the high yield and efficiency technique in Zhongzheyou No. 1 .. on the basis of certain effective ear number, filled grains per ear should be mainly targeted with a consideration to 1 000-grain weight.

Effects of Postponing N Application on Metabolism,Absorption and Utilization of Nitrogen of Summer Maize in SuperHigh Yield Region

[Objective] The aim was to explore effects of application postponing of N fertilizer and the mechanism of yield increase in order to provide references for N fertilizer application in a rational way. [Method] In a super-high yielded region of summer maize, field experiment was conducted to research effects of N fertilizer postponing on key enzymes of N metabolism, yield of maize and N fertilizer use. [Result] After application of N fertilizer was postponed, NR, SPS and GS activities of ear-leaf of summer maize increased by 11.99%-34.87%, 8.25%-10.64% and 10.00%- 16.81% on the 28^th d of silking; content of soluble sugar in leaves enhanced signifi- cantly and accumulated nitrogen increased by 5.00%-9.74% in mature stage. The postponing fertilization of ＂30% of fertilizer in seedling stage＋30% of fertilizer in flare- opening stage＋40% of fertilizer in silking stage meets N demands of summer maize in late growth period. Compared with conventional fertilization, the maize yield, agro- nomic efficiency and use of N fertilizer all improved by 5.05%, 1.75 kg/kg and 6.87%, respectively, after application postponed. [Conclusion] Application postponing of N fertilizer maintains activity of NR, GS and SPS higher and coordinates metabolism of C and N in late growth period, to further improve yield of maize.

Study on High-yield and High-efficiency Cultivation Techniques of High Quality Potato Qingshu 9

Qingshu 9 was approved and formally named as a new potato variety by Qinghai Crop Variety Approval Committee in December 2006. It has outstanding features of high quality, high yield, drought resistance, and disease resistance. Hanzhong Institute of Agricultural Sciences introduced Qingshu 9 from Dingxi County in Gansu Province in 2010. Through years of experiments and demonstrations, the average yield of Qingshu can reach up to 53.14 t/hm^2 with the maximum yield to 63.77 t/hm^2.

Study on Matter Production and Population Photosynthetic Characteristics of High-yielding Spring Maize under Different Modes

In order to construct a good population structure, improve the light energy utilization ratio, and give a full play to the high-yielding potential of spring maize, the effects of maize variety, planting density and fertilizer management on matter production and population photosynthetic physiological indices of spring maize were investigated under three different modes （traditional mode, optimized mode and high- yielding mode）. The results showed that compared with those under the traditional mode, the yield of spring maize under the optimized mode and high-yielding mode was increased by 10.79% and 27.62%, respectively, and the barren tip length was reduced significantly. Among the three modes, the leaf area index （LA/）, leaf area duration （LAD）, dry matter accumulation （DMA） and crop growth rate （CGR） all ranked as high-yielding rnode＇s〉optimized mode＇s〉traditional mode＇s. In conclusion, optimized variety, appropriately increased planting density and strengthened fertilizer management are the key measures to obtain high yield of spring maize.

Numerical and Experimental Investigation of High-efficiency Axial-flow Pump

The experimental investigation of axial-flow pump has been rapidly developed to meet the needs of South-to-North Water Diversion Project of China. Owing to the boundary conditions of hub, blade tip clearance, much of the physical phenomena and laws involved in this complex flow field can＇t be fully determined. The flow characteristics of the high efficiency axial-flow pump have been simulated by RNG k-e turbulence model and SIMPLEC arithmetic based on FLUENT software. Numerical results indicate that the data from the prediction show agreement with the experimental results, static pressure on pressure side of blades increases slightly at circumferential direction with radius increasing, and keep almost constant at the same radial while increasing gradually from inlet to exit on the suction side along flow direction at design conditions. The static pressure, total pressure and velocity at inlet, impeller outlet and vane outlet were measured by a five-hole probe, and a contrastive experiment was done to investigate the influence of hub leakage. The experimental results show that inlet flow is almost axial and the prerotation is very small at various conditions. The meridional velocity and circulation distribution are almost identical at impeller outlet at design conditions due to steady flow and high efficiency. The residual circulation exits at downstream of the guide vane, and the circumferential velocity component increases linearly from hub to tip at small flow rate conditions. Hub leakage in adjustable blades results in the decrease of the meridional velocity and circulation at blade exit near hub. The results of numerical simulation and experiments supply important flow structure information for the high-efficiency axial-flow pump.

Separation efficiency of alumina particles in Al melt under high frequency magnetic field

The effects of separation time and magnetic induction intensity on the separation efficiency of alumina particles with diameters varying from 30 to 200 μm in aluminum melt were investigated. The experimental results show that the particle-accumulated layer is formed in the periphery of the solidified specimen when the diameter of the separated molten metal, the magnetic induction intensity and the separation time are 10 mm, 0.04 T and 1 s, respectively. When the separation time is 2 s, the particle-accumulated layer can be observed obviously and the separation efficiency is about 80%. There are few alumina particles in the inner of the solidified specimen when the separation time is 3 s. The separation efficiency higher than 85% can be achieved when the separation time is longer than 3 s. When the magnetic induction intensity is 0.06 T, the visible particle-accumulated layer can be formed in 1 s and the separation efficiency is higher than 95%. The experimental results were compared with the calculated results at last.

High Yield and Efficient Cultivation Techniques of Rice under Rice- fish Intergrowth Model in Chengdu

The integrated planting and breeding of paddy fields is a kind of eco-planting and breeding mode which makes rice and aquatic animals benefit from each other,greatly reducing the harm of rice pests and diseases,using less or even no fertilizers or pesticides,greatly reducing the agricultural non-point source pollution,thus achieving the " multiple use of water,multiple harvests in one field,grain and fishing winwin,ecological and high efficient use. " In this paper,the high yield and efficient cultivation techniques of rice under the rice-fish intergrowth model in Chengdu was introduced from the aspects of selecting good paddy fields for fishing,using appropriate rice varieties,soaking disinfection,timely sowing and nurturing strong seedlings,reasonable close planting,reasonable fertilization,scientific water management,scientific pest control and rice harvests.

Numerical analysis of arc-droplet behavior in thin wire high current MAG welding with magnetic control

High efficiency welding has always been one of the hot research subjects at home and overseas. Aiming at the problem of unstable droplet rotating spray transfer process in 450 A thin wire metal active gas arc(MAG) welding, a three-dimensional arc-droplet coupled model is established in this paper on the base of fluid dynamics to conduct numerical analysis for droplet transfer behavior with external magnetic controlled MAG welding, and used high-speed camera system to verify the simulation results. The results indicate that without external magnetic field, the droplet is transferred by the way of rotating spray, the arc is changeable and the spatter is serious. The electromagnetic force accelerates the radial liquid beam rotation under direct current(DC) magnetic field, and increases the angle between liquid beam and welding wire axis. Meanwhile, the rotation frequency of the liquid beam reaches 400 Hz, the area of arc column and heat loss increase under DC magnetic field. Based on the alternating magnetic field, the arc is the “bell shaped”, the arc stiffness raises, its temperature achieves 26 000 K, and the maximum speed of the liquid stream beam can reach 500 m/s. And the droplet transfer is more stable, the spatter significantly reduces, and welding quality is effectively improved.

Growth traits and nitrogen assimilation-associated physiological parameters of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) under low and high N conditions

In this study, 14 wheat cultivars with contrasting yield and N use efficiency （NUE） were used to investigate the agronomic and NUE-related traits, and the N assimilation-associated enzyme activities under low and high N conditions. Under deficient-N, the cultivars with high N uptake efficiency （UpE） and high N utilization efficiency （UtE） exhibited higher plant biomass, yields, and N contents than those with medium and low NUEs. The high UpE cultivars accumulated more N than other NUE type cultivars. Under sufficient-N, the tested cultivars showed similar patterns in biomass, yield, and N content to those under deficient-N, but the varietal variations in above traits were smaller. In addition, the high UpE cultivars displayed much more of root biomass and larger of root length, surface area, and volume than other NUE type cultivars, indicating that the root morphological traits under N deprivation are closely associated with the plant biomass through its improvement of the N acquisition. The high UtE cultivars showed higher activities of nitrate reductase （NR）, nitrite reductase （NIR）, and gluta- mine synthetase （GS） at stages of seediling, heading and filling than other NUE type cultivars under both low and high N conditions. Moreover, the high UpE and UtE cultivars also displayed higher photosynthetic rate under deficient-N than the medium and low NUE cultivars. Together, our results indicated that the tested wheat cultivars possess dramatically genetic variations in biomass, yield, and NUE. The root morphological traits and the N assimilation enzymatic acitivities play critical roles in regulating N accumulation and internal N translocation under the N-starvation stress, respectively. They can be used as morphological and biochemical references for evaluation of UpE and UtE in wheat.

Using irrigation intervals to optimize water-use efficiency and maize yield in Xinjiang,northwest China

Worldwide, scarce water resources and substantial food demands require efficient water use and high yield.This study investigated whether irrigation frequency can be used to adjust soil moisture to increase grain yield and water use efficiency(WUE) of high-yield maize under conditions of mulching and drip irrigation.A field experiment was conducted using three irrigation intervals in 2016: 6, 9, and 12 days(labeled D6, D9, and D12) and five irrigation intervals in 2017: 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days(D3, D6, D9, D12, and D15).In Xinjiang, an optimal irrigation quota is 540 mm for high-yield maize.The D3, D6, D9, D12, and D15 irrigation intervals gave grain yields of 19.7, 19.1–21.0, 18.8–20.0, 18.2–19.2, and 17.2 Mg ha^-1 and a WUE of 2.48, 2.53–2.80, 2.47–2.63, 2.34–2.45, and 2.08 kg m-3, respectively.Treatment D6 led to the highest soil water storage, but evapotranspiration and soil-water evaporation were lower than other treatments.These results show that irrigation interval D6 can help maintain a favorable soil-moisture environment in the upper-60-cm soil layer, reduce soilwater evaporation and evapotranspiration, and produce the highest yield and WUE.In this arid region and in other regions with similar soil and climate conditions, a similar irrigation interval would thus be beneficial for adjusting soil moisture to increase maize yield and WUE under conditions of mulching and drip irrigation.

Two highly efficient accumulation models of large gas fields in China

Based on reserve abundance,large gas fields in China can be divided into two types：type one of high abundance large gas fields,dominated by structural gas reservoirs; type two of low abundance large gas fields,dominated by stratigraphic and lithologic gas reservoirs.The formation of these two types of large gas fields is related to the highly efficient accumulation of natural gas.The accumulation of high abundance gas fields is dependent on the rapid maturation of the source kitchen and huge residual pressure difference between the gas source kitchen and reservoir,which is the strong driving force for natural gas migration to traps.Whereas the accumulation of low abundance gas fields is more complicated,involving both volume flow charge during the burial stage and diffusion flow charge during the uplift stage,which results in large area accumulation and preservation of natural gas in low porosity and low permeability reservoirs.This conclusion should assist gas exploration in different geological settings.

Selection efficiencies for improving drought/salt tolerances and yield using introgression breeding in rice(Oryza sativa L.)

The backcross(BC) breeding strategy has been increasingly used for developing high yielding varieties with improved abiotic stress tolerances in rice. In this study, 189Huang-Hua-Zhan(HHZ) introgression lines(ILs) developed from three different selection schemes were evaluated for yield related traits under drought stress and non-stress conditions in the target and off-season winter nursery environments to assess the selection efficiency of BC breeding for improving different complex traits, and led us to five important results. The first result indicated that the primary target traits should be selected first in the target environments(TEs) in order to achieve the maximum genetic gain. Secondly, BC breeding for drought tolerance(DT) in rice was almost equally effective by strong phenotypic selection in the main target environments and in the winter-season of Hainan.Thirdly, exploiting genetic diversity in the subspecific gene pools is of great importance for future genetic improvement of complex traits in rice. Fourthly, considerable genetic gain can be effectively achieved by selection for secondary target traits among the ILs with the primary traits. Finally, the developed ILs provide useful materials for future genetic/genomic dissection and molecular breeding of complex traits.

Correlation,Regression and Path Analysis between Yield Traits and Yield of Yongyou No.9

[Objective] The research aimed to understand the high and efficiency technique in intersubspecific hybrid rice Yongyou No.9.[Method] We conducted the correlation analysis,regression analysis and path analysis of intersubspecific hybrid rice Yongyou No.9 based on the data of its ear,grain and weight at different yield levels.[Result]The performance of ear,grain and weight in Yongyou No.9 showed significant difference among different yield levels.The enhancement of effective ears would restrain the number of per ear total grains.It was found that the direct contributions of main economic traits to yield were determined to be per ear total grainseffective earseed setting rate1 000-grain weight.[Conclusion]The high-yield and effective cultivation techniques were suggested as follows：on the basis of certain effective ear number,grain number per ear should be mainly focused with a consideration to 1 000-grain weight.

Effects of Transplanting Methods on the Quality and Yield of Angelica sinensis in Huzhu County

In order to study the effects of transplanting methods on the quality and yield of Angelica sinensis,the average fresh taproot diameter,length,weight and actual yield of the experimental plot were measured through the planting experiment of A.sinensis under the same geographical environment and different cultivation methods during 2019-2020.The results show that the quality and yield of A.sinensis in inter-film cultivation were better than that of film-in-film cultivation,and it is more conducive to improving the economic income of the majority of growers from medicinal material cultivation.

高光效甘薯品种浙薯86的选育、产量与品质特征

塑造理想株型是实现作物产量突破和高光效育种的基础和重要途径。采用半直立、优质双亲——淀粉型品种浙薯20和食用型地方品种岳冬进行杂交选育,以理想株型、高产、优质为主要选择目标,育成高光效品种浙薯86。该品种具有理想株型的形态特征,短蔓,基部分枝数多,由较多的直立次生分枝构成半直立株型,垄上株高优势明显,形成较高的冠层空间,叶面积指数高,七裂中等深缺刻叶形,叶片较小而厚,上部叶茎叶夹角小,叶势上冲明显,单株结薯数较多,光合效率和经济系数高,表现出优良的早熟性和丰产性。在浙江省和长江中下游甘薯品种区试中,浙薯86每年的鲜薯产量均居所有参试品种之首,鲜薯、薯干和淀粉产量均比对照徐薯22增产30%左右。浙薯86的块根β-淀粉酶活性高,蒸熟后麦芽糖和可溶性糖含量高,食味优,淀粉率较高,且淀粉的峰值黏度、崩解值和回生值高,糊化温度低,适合用于鲜食、薯脯和淀粉加工。浙薯86适应性广,抗蔓割病,中抗黑斑病、根腐病、Ⅱ型薯瘟病,感茎线虫病、Ⅰ型薯瘟病和基腐病。综上,浙薯86是一个优质、高产、多用途的高光效甘薯品种,适宜在长江中下游地区种植,不宜在浙东南基腐病重疫区推广。

“贵妃”枇杷高产高效栽培技术

“贵妃”枇杷是福建省农业科学院果树研究所通过实生选种选育出的白肉枇杷新品种,2014年6月30日通过全国热带作物品种审定委员会审定。近年来在福建、四川、重庆、广东等地引种示范,取得了良好效果。为了更好地促进福建枇杷品种结构调整、品质提升和枇杷产业的可持续发展,本文从肥水管理、生草栽培、树体管理、花果管理和病虫害防治等方面介绍了“贵妃”枇杷高产高效栽培技术。

巷道破底工作面机头收煤装置设计

为解决当前巷道破底工作面漏煤问题,通过对现有设备的结构特点及存在的问题进行分析,设计出一种巷道破底工作面机头收煤装置。该装置不仅可以有效地收集漏落的煤块,而且还可以提供采煤机维修操作空间,有效改善井下工人的工作环境,降低安全隐患,使得智能化工作面快速推进,从而为煤矿高产、高效提供有力支持。

塔里木盆地顺北油气田少井高产地质工程一体化做法与关键技术

塔里木盆地顺北油气田埋藏深度为7300~9000m,脆性地层破碎形成的缝洞型储层沿高陡走滑断裂带发育,断裂破碎带内部非均质性极强,且流体性质差异大。面对这类超深复杂的断控缝洞型油气藏,高效成井面临世界级挑战,单井费用高,效益开发难度大,没有现成的经验、技术可借鉴。顺北油气田以项目管理为抓手,建立了独有的“五有五提升”地质工程一体化管理模式,创新形成了“少井高产”七要素关键技术。近几年,少井高产地质工程一体化实现了质的飞跃,落实了4号、8号断裂带2个亿吨级资源阵地,新增石油探明储量为1.53×10^(8)t、天然气探明储量为1620×10^(8)m^(3),4号断裂带共部署井位20口,两年建成了130×10^(4)t油当量产能阵地。与2016年开发动用的1号断裂带相比,高产井成功率提升了35%、单井产能提升了316%、单井发现探明储量提升了55%,实现了高效勘探,效益开发,其经验对其他同类型油藏开发具有较好的借鉴意义。

高密度栽培条件下灌水量对河西灌区玉米群体质量及水分利用效率的影响

提高种植密度是玉米产量持续增长的重要措施,探讨高密度栽培下的合理灌溉定额对保障玉米高产及水资源可持续利用具有重要意义。2023年4—10月在河西灌区张掖节水农业试验站开展田间试验,研究高密度栽培条件下不同灌水量(270.0、390.0、510.0、630.0 mm)对玉米群体质量、产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,随着灌水量的增加,玉米的干物质量、产量呈增加趋势,高灌水量(630.0 mm)下的干物质量和产量均最高,中等灌水量(510.0 mm)下干物质量、产量分别高达32013.36、16000.31 kg/hm2,仅比高灌水量处理分别低2.89%、3.13%,而在390.0、270.0 mm灌水量下显著降低。各处理的光合势、生长速率随生育进程的推进先增加后降低,其中吐丝期后20 d达到最大,且随灌水量增加而增大;吐丝期后20 d至灌浆中期,510.0、390.0 mm灌水量下的光合势下降幅度为0.38%、2.40%,生长速率下降幅度为26.16%、30.19%,均低于高灌水量处理和低灌水量(270.0 mm)处理。玉米水分利用效率随灌水量、耗水量增加先上升后下降,390.0、510.0 mm灌水量处理下水分利用效率分别为26.21、25.14 kg/(hm2·mm),差异不显著;而产量最高的高灌水量处理及耗水量最低的低灌水量处理仅为22.77、23.98 kg/(hm2·mm),均低于390.0、510.0 mm灌水量处理。综合考虑玉米产量与水分利用效率等指标,在种植密度为11.70万株/hm2条件下,510.0 mm为玉米生育期适宜灌水量,可实现增产节水目标。