Photosynthetic Characteristics of a Super High Yield Cultivar of Winter Wheat During Late Growth Period

The mechanism of high yield of winter wheat in the field at late growth period was investigated by measuring the photosynthetic characteristics of photosystem Ⅱ （PSⅡ） and xanthophylls cycle, which could provide physiological reference for breeding. Weimai 8 （W8）, a super high yield cultivar, and Lumai 14 （L14）, a control cultivar were object. The photosynthetic rate （Pn）, parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence and chlorophyll content were measured. The Pn, maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII （Fv/Fm）, quantum yield of PSII electron transport （ΦPSⅡ）, efficiency of excitation energy capture by open PSII reaction centers （Fv＇/Fm＇）, and photochemical quenching coefficient （qP） were higher in Weimai 8 compared to that in Lumai 14, a commercial high yield cultivar. Furthermore, Weirnai 8 showed a lower non- photochemical quenching coefficient and a lower de-epoxidized ratio of the xanthophyll cycle pigments than of Lumai 14 at late growth period. At mature stage, chlorophyll content of different leaves decreased both in Weimai 8 and Lumai 14. Chlorophyll content in flag, second and third leaf from the top of plant decreased more in Lumai 14 than in Weimai 8. These results suggested that Weimai 8 had more antenna pigments to absorb light energy, and had higher photosynthetic capability and photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ. The yield of Weimai 8 was also higher than that of Lumai 14.

Analysis on High-yield Experience and Protective Measures of Wheat and Corn: A Case Study of Jieshou City in Anhui Province

This paper summarized the experience in high yield of wheat and corn in Jieshou City and made a further study on the supporting measures for the high yield of wheat and corn on this basis.

High-yield and High-efficiency Standardized Cultivation Technique for Wheat Interplanting with Peanuts

Through wheat interplanting with peanuts,it is able to make full use of the light and heat resources in the growing season to achieve high yield of both wheat and peanuts in two seasons of one year.Wheat interplanting with peanuts is one of the main cultivation methods of wheat and oil crop double cropping system,and has very broad development prospects in the Huang-Huai-Hai region.This paper summarized high-yield the high-efficiency and standardized cultivation techniques for wheat interplanting with peanuts,including crop rotation,proper deep ploughing,balanced fertilization,rational matching of fine varieties,interplanting at suitable time,sowing according to certain specification,and enhancing the field management.This can be used as reference for high-yield and high-efficiency standardized cultivation technique for wheat interplanting with peanuts.

Inheritance and Availability of High Grain Number Per Spike in Two Wheat Germplasm Lines

Grain number per spike （GNPS） is a major factor in wheat yield breeding. The development of high GNPS germplasm is widely emphasized in wheat-yield breeding. This paper reported two high GNPS wheat germplasm lines, Pubing 3228 and Pubing 3504, which had a stable and wide adaptability to different ecological regions. By exploring a nested cross design with reciprocals using Pubing 3228 or Pubing 3504 as a common parent and investigating the GNPS phenotypes of F1 hybrids in 2007-2008 and F2 populations in 2008-2009 of different cross combinations, the narrow-sense GNPS heritability was up to 49.58 and 52.23%, respectively. Genetic model analysis predictions suggested that GNPS in Pubing 3228 and Pubing 3504 was mainly controlled by additive genetic effects. Correlation analysis results between GNPS and 1 000- kernel weight （TKW） of F2 populations showed that TKW was not influenced with the increase of GNPS. The good coordination among three yield components of spike number per plant （SNPP）, GNPS, and TKW in the F2 segregating population implied that selection of good candidate individuals in breeding programs would be relatively straightforward. Overall, our results indicated that Pubing 3228 and Pubing 3504 are two potential germplasm lines for yield improvement of GNPS in pedigree selection of wheat breeding.

Growth traits and nitrogen assimilation-associated physiological parameters of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) under low and high N conditions

In this study, 14 wheat cultivars with contrasting yield and N use efficiency （NUE） were used to investigate the agronomic and NUE-related traits, and the N assimilation-associated enzyme activities under low and high N conditions. Under deficient-N, the cultivars with high N uptake efficiency （UpE） and high N utilization efficiency （UtE） exhibited higher plant biomass, yields, and N contents than those with medium and low NUEs. The high UpE cultivars accumulated more N than other NUE type cultivars. Under sufficient-N, the tested cultivars showed similar patterns in biomass, yield, and N content to those under deficient-N, but the varietal variations in above traits were smaller. In addition, the high UpE cultivars displayed much more of root biomass and larger of root length, surface area, and volume than other NUE type cultivars, indicating that the root morphological traits under N deprivation are closely associated with the plant biomass through its improvement of the N acquisition. The high UtE cultivars showed higher activities of nitrate reductase （NR）, nitrite reductase （NIR）, and gluta- mine synthetase （GS） at stages of seediling, heading and filling than other NUE type cultivars under both low and high N conditions. Moreover, the high UpE and UtE cultivars also displayed higher photosynthetic rate under deficient-N than the medium and low NUE cultivars. Together, our results indicated that the tested wheat cultivars possess dramatically genetic variations in biomass, yield, and NUE. The root morphological traits and the N assimilation enzymatic acitivities play critical roles in regulating N accumulation and internal N translocation under the N-starvation stress, respectively. They can be used as morphological and biochemical references for evaluation of UpE and UtE in wheat.

抗旱节水高产稳产小麦新品种‘济儒麦25’的选育及性状分析

为了培育干旱年份稳产、丰水年份高产的小麦新品种,济宁市农业科学研究院通过有性杂交系统选育,以‘山农2149’为母本,以‘良星619’为父本,成功培育出了小麦新品种‘济儒麦25’。该品种属冬性,株高77.5 cm,株型紧凑,具有抗倒性好,熟相好,籽粒饱满,商品性好,抗旱节水,高产稳产,综合抗性好等特点。2年区域试验结果平均产量为7742.55 kg/hm^(2),比对照增产4.02%。在2022—2023年山东省小麦旱地生产试验中,平均产量为7176.15 kg/hm^(2),比对照‘山农27’增产5.60%,增产点率100%。2023年12月通过山东省农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号为鲁审麦20230029。‘济儒麦25’小麦新品种的审定,为鲁西南旱地小麦生产提供了品种支撑,并展现出广阔的推广应用前景。

高产 优质小麦新品种冀麦713的育种策略

河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所将太谷核不育轮回群体作为研究的基础和核心,通过控制授粉的方式逐年加入济麦22、良星99、山农19、山农20、新麦26、师栾02-1、藁优9618等高产、优质材料,经过反复地选择和异交,实现了优良基因的累加。采用常规育种方法结合分子标记、品质检测等技术,历经多年,成功选育出集高产、优质于一身的冬小麦新品种冀麦713。由此可知,优质麦育种应将农艺性状选择与品质检测更为紧密地结合在一起。冀麦713生育期229.3 d,株高76.6 cm,单位面积穗数726万穗/hm2,平均穗粒数35.5个,千粒重46.1 g。2019—2022年连续3 a参加国家黄淮北片水地组区域试验和生产试验,产量均明显高于高产对照品种济麦22,品质达到国家中强筋小麦标准。

旱地春小麦新品种银春11号生产性能评价

为全面了解银春11号的生产特性,依据2016—2017年甘肃省旱地春小麦区域试验和2018年甘肃省旱地春小麦生产试验,对其丰产性、稳产性和适应性等进行了分析。结果表明,银春11号丰产性好,增产潜力大,2016、2017年的区域试验中,分别较对照品种西旱2号增产13.25%、9.90%;银春11号具有较好的高产稳产性,2016、2017年高稳系数分别为102.82、100.06,均高于对照品种西旱2号的90.90;银春11号具有广泛的适应性,2016、2017年适应度分别为80%、60%,在各试验点中增产点率为90%。综上,银春11号丰产性、稳产性较好,适应性较强,适宜在甘肃中部旱地春麦区栽培。

不同氮效率小麦品种的籽粒灌浆特性

为明确不同氮效率小麦品种的籽粒灌浆特性及其与产量和氮效率的关系,于2019—2021年选取高产氮高效(HH)、高产氮低效(HL)和低产氮低效(LL)小麦品种为试验材料,利用Logistics模型在大田生产条件下模拟籽粒灌浆进程,分析产量构成参数,探究不同氮效率小麦的籽粒灌浆特性差异及其与氮利用效率的关系。结果表明,不同类型品种间的籽粒灌浆特性均存在较大差异。不同品种的最大灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率均表现为HH>HL>LL,达到最大灌浆速率时的籽粒质量则表现为HL>HH>LL,HH与HL之间差异不明显。灌浆活跃期和有效灌浆时间均表现为HH<HL<LL。与HL和LL相比,HH表现出灌浆启动早、灌浆速度快和有效灌浆时间缩短等特性,这可能与品种的氮效率有关。

麦草浆中木质素含量对防油剂作用效果的影响

在含氟防油剂经济用量范围内,针对麦草高得率浆抄造纸张防油效果不理想的问题,本研究对麦草高得率浆进行氧脱木质素处理,得到一系列不同卡伯值的麦草浆,探讨了麦草浆中木质素含量对防油剂作用效果的影响。结果表明,麦草浆中木质素含量对含氟防油剂的作用效果有明显影响,在防油剂质量分数1%(相对于绝干浆)的条件下,当麦草浆卡伯值降至<50.0时,麦草浆抄造纸张具有初步防油效果;当麦草浆卡伯值为30.0~50.0时,随着卡伯值降低,麦草浆抄造纸张的防油等级逐渐上升;当麦草浆卡伯值降至<30.0时,麦草浆抄造纸张防油等级达到最高等级(7级)。利用Owens-Wendt-Rabel-Kaelble (OWRK)法分析纸张的表面自由能,随着麦草浆中木质素的脱除,纸张的表面自由能不断降低,而极性比率不断升高,表明木质素的脱除有利于提高纸张防油效果。麦草浆中木质素含量也会影响防油剂用量,在一定防油等级要求下,麦草浆的卡伯值越低,所需防油剂用量越少。

旱地小麦新品种云麦84的丰产性、稳产性和产量构成因素分析

为了解旱地小麦新品种云麦84的产量特性和推广应用价值,利用云南省2019—2021年地麦区域试验数据和2020—2021年生产试验数据,对云麦84的丰产性、稳产性和产量构成因素进行分析。结果表明,云麦84在2019—2021年2年度区域试验平均产量分别为5620.5、5223.0 kg/hm^(2),生产试验平均产量为5202.5 kg/hm^(2),在参试品种中均排名前列,且显著高于对照品种云麦56,表明其丰产性优;高稳系数在2019—2020年排名第3,2020—2021年排名第9,说明云麦84的产量年际间差异较大;产量构成因素分析表明,穗粒数变异系数较大,说明穗粒数受环境影响较大;相关性分析表明,穗粒数、千粒质量与产量互呈显著正相关关系,说明可通过增加穗粒数和千粒质量增加产量。综合分析,云麦84是一个高产旱地小麦新品种,其高产栽培的重点是增加穗粒数和千粒质量。

小麦新品种伟隆188丰产性、稳产性及适应性分析

为全面评价小麦新品种伟隆188的生产利用价值,以2018-2021年伟隆188参加陕西省科企联盟小麦联合体审定试验产量汇总结果为依据,利用产量增减幅度、多重比较、变异系数、高稳系数和回归系数分别对伟隆188在陕西关中灌区的丰产性、稳产性和适应性进行分析。结果表明,伟隆188丰产性、稳产性以及适应性均优于对照,是一个高产稳产适应性广的小麦新品种。

小麦高产栽培及病虫害综合防治技术

近年来,霍邱县小麦种植面积日愈扩大,应用好小麦高产栽培技术、落实好病虫害综合防治措施成为当务之急,就现下而言,小麦栽培管理中显露出的问题依然少数,必须立足于这些问题,做好相应引导。通过介绍霍邱县小麦高产栽培技术要点,探讨做好小麦病虫害综合防治的对策及建议,以期为小麦产量与品质的提升提供参考。

小麦栽培的土壤条件与改良技术探讨

了解土壤条件和实施土壤改良技术对于实现小麦优质高产至关重要。通过分析小麦高产栽培所需的土壤条件,明确了小麦生长对土壤pH值、营养元素以及结构与通气性的要求,在此基础上,进一步探讨了小麦高产栽培的土壤改良技术,以期为小麦的高产稳产提供技术支持。

小麦机械化高产种植及土壤肥料管理技术分析

对小麦产量具有明显提升作用的农艺措施是土壤肥料管理技术。详细阐述了土壤肥料管理技术以及注意事项,介绍了有效提升小麦产量的技术措施,为小麦种植提供相应技术支持以提升小麦种植经济效益,进而推动小麦种植产业健康发展。

江苏农垦小麦超高产栽培实践

针对江苏地区稻麦两熟条件下,影响小麦高产茬口衔接紧张、农机农艺配套等主要因素,江苏农垦多年来持续开展了小麦超高产技术研究和示范,高产攻关田实现了单位面积产量从600 kg/667 m2到800 kg/667 m2的新跨越。本文集中考察了小麦争早、高质量农机作业、稳产高产等关键指标,详细总结了种子处理、土壤深松耕翻、不同土质适应化播种作业、沟壁播种扩边增效、全程数智化管理、抗逆保绿防早衰等小麦超高产栽培的主要技术措施,为规模化、集约化生产条件下小麦稳产、高产、高效提供技术支持。

胡杨河市麦后复种大豆品种黑河35高产栽培技术

麦后复种大豆是大豆扩面增产的重要途径之一,发展复种大豆可提高土壤肥力和产量,获得较高经济效益。文章对胡杨河市麦后复种大豆品种黑河35高产栽培技术进行总结,包括复种选地、种子处理、滴灌带选择、抢时早播、合理密植、田间管理等,旨在为胡杨河市麦后复种大豆提供技术指导。

六安市裕安区小麦生产调查及高产栽培途径探讨

从调查研究入手,总结了六安市裕安区小麦生产成功经验及其存在的问题,并从品种布局、适期播种、合理群体结构、配方施肥、病虫草害防治等方面提出了小麦高产栽培措施,为今后小麦高质量生产提供技术参考。

小麦全程机械化单产提升技术集成

小麦是连云港市主导粮食作物之一,保证小麦安全稳定生产意义重大。将小麦单产提升机械化技术集成应用于小麦种植中,是实现连云港市小麦提质增效丰产的重要举措。以连云港市小麦生产农机农艺融合实践为例,对小麦优质高产栽培机械化集成技术要点进行了分析,为小麦种植提供参考。

小麦绿色优质高产栽培技术要点

小麦是小甸镇重要的粮食作物和原料作物,也是带动当地农民致富增收的经济作物,所以保障小麦生产安全非常关键。传统栽培技术模式下,小麦产量低、品质差,而且生产环节易污染环境,影响粮食安全稳定。绿色农业发展背景下,加快推动小麦绿色优质高产栽培技术具有重要的现实意义。以小甸镇为例,分析小麦绿色优质高产栽培技术要点。