基于SQUID传感器的超导单通道磁力仪研制

针对地球物理勘探中高精度磁场信号测量与靶目标大小方位检测难题,本文基于SQUID传感器研制了一种超导单通道磁力仪。首先,介绍了超导磁力仪工作原理,重点设计了其总体结构框架、控制单元、XYZ单元、无磁杜瓦瓶和供电模块;然后,提出了自适应滤波算法用于抑制运动磁场噪声干扰,静磁学逆向求解算法用于反演靶目标大小及方位;最后,采用半径0.2 m的圆铁球和边长5 m的地表立方空洞体进行检测实验,实验结果表明:本文超导磁力仪稳定可靠并满足地下勘探要求。

基于WRspice软件的高温DC-SQUID电路模型特性仿真研究

随着超导电子技术的发展,相关领域的学者一直在寻找关于直流超导量子干涉器(DC-SQUID)以及它的特性仿真和实验方法,但在建模仿真方面存在很大的难度,通常只能通过一些近似方法去不断逼近。目前使用最多的就是Matlab、PSPICE等软件,但在这些软件中对超导量子干涉器(SQUID)的仿真通常都会忽略约瑟夫森结中的一些比较重要的物理参量,会给仿真结果带来较大的误差。本文利用WRspice软件实现对SQUID的仿真研究,该软件相对于上面两个软件更加精确,仿真得出不同电路条件下DC-SQUID的I_(C)-Φ特性曲线和V-Φ特性曲线,并结合实际制备的DC-SQUID对偏置电流下的V-Φ特性曲线进行仿真,得出该结构下最佳偏置电流和磁通调制深度。本文对于DC-SQUID的等效电路原理研究和相关设计中电路参数的选择均有一定的指导意义,尤其通过仿真发现对称结构的DC-SQUID具有对称性良好的磁通-电压转换曲线,这将有利于对交流调制信号的工作点进行锁定,可作为相关磁感应探测元件和接收机中DC-SQUID的结构设计参考。

基于SQUIDs和腔场相互作用传送量子信息的方案(英文)

本文提出了一个基于SQUIDs和腔场的大失谐相互作用传送量子信息的方案,此方案可以直接地、百分之百地实现量子信息的传送.该方案中腔场和SQUIDs系统之间没有量子信息的传递,腔场只是虚激发,这样对腔的品质因子的要求大大的降低了.同时也可以在SQUIDs之间建立传送量子信息的量子网络.

用于冷却HTc SQUIDs的脉冲管制冷机系统的设计分析

设计出一套以冷却HTc SQUIDs(高温超导量子干涉仪)为目的的基于Stirling型同轴脉冲管制冷机的低噪声低温系统并进行了系统化的试验。为消除制冷机产生的复杂干扰并实现与器件的直接耦合,所有处于SQUIDs拾波线圈附近的制冷机部件都由无磁、非金属和电绝缘的材料制作。详细描述了制冷机部件材料的选择以及制冷系统的设计与优化,并对系统的综合性能进行了分析与评价。初步试验显示系统的制冷性能和干扰特性满足冷却HTc SQUIDs的基本要求。

Fabrication and properties of high performance YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ) radio frequency SQUIDs with step-edge Josephson junctions

We describe the fabrication of high performance YBa2Cu3O7-δ （YBCO） radio frequency （RF） superconducting quantum interference devices （SQUIDs）, which were prepared on 5 mm×5 mm LaAlO3 （LAO） substrates by employing stepedge junctions （SEJs） and in flip-chip configuration with 12 mm×12 mm resonators. The step in the substrate was produced by Ar ion etching with step angles ranging from 47° to 61°, which is steep enough to ensure the formation of grain boundaries （GBs） at the step edges. The YBCO film was deposited using the pulsed laser deposition （PLD） technique with a film thickness half of the height of the substrate step. The inductance of the SQUID washer was designed to be about 157 pH. Under these circumstances, high performance YBCO RF SQUIDs were successfully fabricated with a typical flux-voltage transfer ratio of 83 mV/φ0, a white flux noise of 29 μφ0/√Hz, and the magnetic field sensitivity as high as 80 fT/√Hz. These devices have been applied in magnetocardiography and geological surveys.

SQUID二阶磁梯度计标定系统的空间位置优化

超导量子干涉器件(SQUID)是利用磁通量子化与约瑟夫森效应这两种特性而形成的超导器件,可以分辨极微弱磁场变化,在磁信号灵敏探测方面应用广泛。因此,为确保其输出映射的准确性与使用质量,对使用过程中其进行定期校准至关重要。本文针对SQUID二阶磁梯度计在使用过程中的标定系统优化问题展开讨论,以标定线圈圆心为中心点建立笛卡尔坐标系,固定Y轴方向的相对位置,首先从Z轴方向移动标定线圈找到电流灵敏度最大位置范围,之后进一步精确标定位置,在X轴方向找到对Z轴方向移动最不敏感的相对位置,为标定中可能出现的人为误差提供更大的容错范围。并通过解析模型与有限元仿真模型相互验证,为后续实验提供了理论依据与先行性。利用解析模型与有限元模型及实测数据确定SQUID二阶磁梯度计在使用中的校准系数均为1.107,并对所提出的标定方法所产生的不确定度进行分析,为梯度计在低噪声环境条件下进行标定提供了更大的鲁棒性。

High-Tc planar SQUID gradiometer for eddy current non-destructive evaluation

This paper reports the fabrication and test of a high-Tc SQUID planar gradiometer which is patterned from YBCO thin film deposited on a SrTiO3 bicrystal substrate. The measurement of noise spectrum at 77K shows that the white noise at 200 Hz is about 1×10^-4 φ0/√Hz. The minimal magnetic gradient is measured and the results suggest that the minimal magnetic gradient is 94 pT/m. The planar gradiometer is used in non-destructive evaluation （NDE） experiments to detect the artifacts in conducting aluminium plates by performing eddy current testing in an unshielded environment. The effect of the exciting coil dimension on the NDE results is investigated. By mapping out the induced field distribution, flaws about 10mm below the plate surface can be clearly identified.

A Singlet State Generated with SQUIDs in Cavity QED

We propose a scheme to generate a three-qubit three-IeveI singlet state in cavity QED, by placing three A-type SQUIDs in a single mode cavity. In this scheme, we make use of the interaction between the SQUIDs and cavity filed, and the classical pulses. The cavity fields are in vacuum state during the whole operation processes of creating the entanglement, and there is no quantum information transformation between the SQUIDs and cavity fields. Because of the advantage of the SQUID-cavity system, the quality factor of the cavity is greatly relaxed.

Sensitive Single-Level Magnetometers of High T_(c) dc SQUIDS

We have developed a simple sintering system to prepare the yttria-stabilized-zirconia(YSZ)bicrystals.Grain-boundary junctions made from the epitaxial YBa_(2)Cu_(3)O_(7-δ) films on the bicrystal substrates demonstrated Josephson behavior.Using new square washer design,single-level magnetometer of dc superconducting quantum interference.device(SQUID)has been fabricated.Owing to the flux focusing effect of the large washer,the magnetic field sensitivity of the devices has been enhanced.The magnetic field resolution of the magnetometer is IpT/Hz^(1/2) at 10Hz,and increases to 3pT/Hz^(1/2) at 1Hz at 77K.

YBa_(2)Cu_(3)O_(7) Bicrystal Josephson Junctions and de SQUIDs

Bicvystal Josephson junctions and direct current superconducting quantum inter ference devices(dc sQUIDs)were prepared on YBa_(2)Cu_(3)O_(7)(YBCO)thin films deposited on yttrium stabilized ZrO_(2) bicrystal substrates.The critical current densities J_(c)~2×10^(6)/cm^(2) for YBCO thin filmand(1-3)×10^(3)A/cm^(2) at boundaries were obtained at 77 K.For YBCO Josephson junctionmade on 28° misorientated boundary,the Shapiro steps were observed.The dc SQUID was madeon the 32° misorientated boundary junctions,which consisted of 40×40 m of loop and 2000×2000 pn planar superconductive flu.r focuser.The zoltage modulation depth of this SQUID was6 p.V,and the magnetic field sensitivity was estimated to be~2 pT/√Hz from the measurednoise level.

Properties of DC SQUIDs Made from YBCO and TBCCO Films

Double-microbridge de superconducting quantum interference devices(SQUIDs)have been fabricated from the postannealed Y_(1)Ba_(2)Cu_(3)O_(y) and Tl_(2)-Ba_(2)Ca_(2)Cu_(3)O_(y) thin films by chemical etching and ion milling patterning technique.The applied magnetic field dependences of the voltage of the YBCO and TBCCO SQUIDs have been studied at temperature ranging from 4.2 to 23K and at 77K.The largest output voltage of the devices were 3.4μV/Φ_(0 )(at 5K)for YBCO and 60μV/Φ_(0)(at 77K)for TBCCO.The properties of the output of these devices have been discussed.

Embolization of brain arteriovenous malformations with squid co-polymer embolic material:Initial experience

Objective:To analyze the safety and effectiveness of the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer(EVOH)liquid embolic agent Squid(Emboflu,Switzerland)for the treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations.Materials and procedures:Between April 2015 and July 2017,46 embolization treatments for brain arteriovenous malformations(BAVM)were performed in 25 patients using two Squid formulations(18 and 12).Six female and 19 male patients with a mean age of 34 years(range,9–62 years)were included.A total of 46 procedures were performed.The BAVMs were classified as Spetzler-Martin gradeⅡin 4 procedures,Ⅲin 27 procedures,and 1V in 15 procedures.Among the 25 patients,15 presented with hemorrhage,5 with seizures,and 5 with headache and neurology.The BAVMs were located in the temporal lobe in 5 patients,parietal lobe in 7 patients,frontal lobe in 3 patients,posterior fossa in 6 patients,basal ganglia in 3 patients,and parasagittal lobe in 1 patient.Results:The obliteration rate of the BAVMs ranged from 10%to 100%,with a mean of 33%.Most patients underwent their first or second embolization procedure.Four patients(8%)developed intracranial bleeding post procedure,with one death(2%).One patient(2%)experienced a seizure during the procedure;however,no intracranial bleeding was observed.Seven patients(15%)experienced perforations during catheter manipulation.One case(2%)of fractured catheter was recorded,but no significant complications were observed.The average volume of copolymer injected was 0.6 ml per nidus.Thirteen procedures used the Squid-12 formulation,29 procedures used the Squid-18 formulation,and 3 procedures used a combination of Squid-12 and-18 formulations.Conclusion:Squid is a safe and effective embolic agent for treating BAVMs.

Modulation depth of series SQUIDs modified by Josephson junction area

The superconducting quantum interference device（SQUID） amplifier is widely used in the field of weak signal detection for its low input impedance, low noise, and low power consumption. In this paper, the SQUIDs with identical junctions and the series SQUIDs with different junctions were successfully fabricated. The Nb/Al-AlOx/Nb trilayer and input Nb coils were prepared by asputtering equipment. The SQUID devices were prepared by a sputtering and the lift-off method.Investigations by AFM, OM and SEM revealed the morphology and roughness of the Nb films and Nb/Al-AlOx/Nb trilayer.In addition, the current–voltage characteristics of the SQUID devices with identical junction and different junction areas were measured at 2.5 K in the He^3 refrigerator. The results show that the SQUID modulation depth is obviously affected by the junction area. The modulation depth obviously increases with the increase of the junction area in a certain range. It is found that the series SQUID with identical junction area has a transimpedance gain of 58 Ω approximately.

用于金属磁微量能计信号读出的两级SQUID放大电路研究

金属磁微量能计(Metallic Magnetic Calorimeter,MMC)是一种具有极高能量分辨率的低温光子探测器。它通过顺磁材料磁化率在低温下随温度急剧变化的特性来实现对光子能量的精确测量。金属磁微量能计通常使用超导量子干涉器进行信号读出。研究介绍了一种用于金属磁微量能计信号读出的两级超导量子干涉器电路。初级放大器的设计采用了二阶梯度计构型,测试结果显示该设计方案有效的抑制了环境噪声的干扰。在液氦温度下,两级放大电路在磁通锁定环模式下实现了27400 V/A的跨阻增益,白噪声水平达到11.5 pA/Hz^(1/2)。

Preparation of Macroscopic Quantum Superposition States of Cavity Modes Using rf-SQUIDs in a Cavity

We propose a potential scheme of preparing Schrodinger-cat state of the cavity mode by placing an rfsuperconducting quantum interference device （rf-SQUID） in a single-mode microwave cavity. By properly adjusting the detuning and the strength regarding the radiation fields, we show how to generate single-mode Schrodinger-cat state. Generalizing this method we discuss the generation of the engtangled coherent states. The experimental feasibility of our scheme is discussed under consideration of the cavity decay.

Increasing linear flux range of SQUID amplifier using self-feedback effect

Superconducting quantum interference devices(SQUIDs) are low-noise amplifiers that are essential for the readouts of translation edge sensors(TESs). The linear flux range is an important parameter for SQUID amplifiers, especially those controlled by high-bandwidth digital flux-locked-loop circuits. A large linear flux range conduces to accurately measuring the input signal and also increasing the multiplexing factor in the time-division multiplexed(TDM) readout scheme of the TES array. In this work, we report that the linear flux range of an SQUID can be improved by using self-feedback effect. When the SQUID loop is designed to be asymmetric, a voltage-biased SQUID shows an asymmetric current–flux(I–Φ) response curve. The linear flux range is improved along the I–Φ curve with a shallow slope. The experimental results accord well with the numerical simulations. The asymmetric SQUID will be able to serve as a building block in the development of the TDM readout systems for large TES arrays.

基于文献计量学的气候变化对大洋性鱿鱼影响的研究分析

大洋性鱿鱼是海洋中重要的经济类群,在海洋生态系统中扮演着重要的角色。通过Web of Science核心合集获取的文献数据,利用文献计量学与CiteSpace软件的共现分析、聚类分析与突变检测等分析方法,对该主题1991—2021年的年度发文量分布、作者及研究机构组成与合作、研究主题演变及热点展示等方面进行了分析。结果显示,研究文献的年度分布总体呈现动态递增趋势;主要作者间合作密切,形成分别以中国上海海洋大学CHEN X J(陈新军)等、美国缅因大学CHEN Y(陈勇)等、西班牙海洋研究所PIERCE G J等以及葡萄牙生物资源研究所PEREIRA J等为核心的4个合作关系密切的作者群,并形成稳定的合作关系;主要研究机构中,英国南极调查局、法国海洋开发研究院、美国国家海洋和大气管理局、阿伯丁大学、西班牙海洋研究所、戴尔豪斯大学等机构的国际合作能力较强;主要研究国家或地区方面,美国、德国、日本、中国内地、英格兰等为该主题的主要研究力量。当前该主题的研究热点共分为5个方面:1)气候变化对大洋性鱿鱼资源种群动态的影响;2)基于生态系统的鱿鱼渔业管理策略研究;3)气候变化对大洋性鱿鱼的生活史影响;4)气候变化对大洋性鱿鱼栖息地影响;5)气候变化对大洋性鱿鱼海洋环境适应性及其生物多样性的影响。

高温超导双晶结dc SQUID的I～V特性仿真研究

根据dcSQUID等效电路理论推导出描述dcSQUID特性的方程组,采用Matlab仿真工具软件对对称型高温超导双晶结dcSQUID进行仿真研究。仿真研究表明dcSQUID的输出电压是外磁通的周期性函数,其周期为一个磁通量子0。仿真研究的结果还为制备dcSQUID时,器件各参量的确定提供了有力的依据。

77K SQUID磁强计在TEM测量上的应用研究

阐述了液氮温区(77K)超导量子干涉器(SQUID)磁强计在瞬变电磁(TEM)测量中的应用,介绍了作者以此进行的TEM测量野外应用试验及所取得的结果,直接测量磁场与测量感应电动势相比,用SQUID磁强计直接测量磁场,具有低噪声,高信噪比、高灵敏度的特点。它将给物探方法提供一个优异的弱磁探测工具。

鱿鱼加工副产物酶解液美拉德反应工艺优化

鱿鱼加工过程中会产生20%左右的副产物,其中富含蛋白质、氨基酸等多种营养成分和呈味成分。本研究采用双酶酶解工艺制备了鱿鱼加工副产物酶解液,以感官评分为指标,通过单因素和正交试验优化了鱿鱼加工副产物酶解液与大豆多糖-葡萄糖美拉德反应工艺。实验结果表明:在pH值8.0、温度110℃、葡萄糖-多糖添加量4%(ω(葡萄糖)∶ω(大豆多糖)=3∶1)、时间60 min的条件下,酶解液的感官评分值最高,反应产物具有明显的鱿鱼香气,口味鲜美。电子舌结果显示,美拉德处理前后的酶解液风味变化明显,表明美拉德反应可以改善酶解液的味道。本研究为鱿鱼加工副产物的综合利用和水产调味料的开发提供了思路。