Exploration on the Integration of Curriculum Ideological and Political Concept into the Teaching Design of"Culinary Raw Materials":A Case Study of Livestock and Poultry Raw Materials

Comprehensively promoting curriculum ideological and political education is a strategic measure to implement the fundamental task of establishing moral integrity and educating people.Culinary raw materials is the core curriculum of culinary majors,which is rich in ideological and political elements.In this study,taking livestock and poultry raw materials as an example,the teaching design of integrating curriculum ideological and political education into culinary raw materials were investigated by sorting out its teaching contents and excavating its ideological and political elements.Taking livestock and poultry raw materials in Teochew Cuisine Raw Materials as an example,the teaching design of curriculum ideological and political education was conducted,aiming to provide some reference and guidance for curriculum ideological and political education of the curriculum.

Effects of Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2) Raw Material Types on Properties of Anorthite Based Insulation Refractories

To optimize their Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2) raw materials,anorthite based insulation refractories were prepared by the in-situ sintering process combined with the foaming method after sintering at 1350℃for 3 h,using green and pollution-free kaolin,kyanite,andalusite and sillimanite as Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2) raw materials,respectively,and industrial CaCO_(3) as the CaO source.Effects of Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2) raw material types on the physical properties,phase composition and microstructure were investigated.The results are as follows.All samples prepared by different Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2) raw materials have hexagonal flake anorthite and a small amount of mullite and corundum.Their bulk density and thermal conductivity decrease in the order of using kaolin,andalusite,kyanite and sillimanite as the Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2) raw material,but their apparent porosity increases.Moreover,in the sample with kaolin,the bonding between anorthite crystals on the pore walls is closer than that of the other samples,which is conducive to increasing the cold crushing strength.The bonding between anorthite crystals on pore walls gradually decreases in the order of using kyanite,andalusite and sillimanite as the Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2) raw material,thus their cold crushing strength decreases accordingly.In comprehensive consideration,the properties of the sample from kyanite are the optimal.Its apparent porosity,thermal conductivity and cold crushing strength are 84.6%,0.141 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1) and 1.89 MPa,respectively.

Physical and Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Composite Materials Based on Raw Earth and Crushed Palm Leaf Fibers (Borassus aethiopum)

The objective of this study is to seek solutions to reduce the impact of buildings on climate change and to promote the use of local bio-sourced or geo-sourced materials for sustainable construction. Different samples of raw earth from 3 sites were taken in the commune of Mlomp. Geotechnical tests showed that the raw earth samples from sites 2 and 3 have more clay fraction while site 1 contains more sand. The fact of integrating fibers from crushed palm leaves (Borassus aethiopum) (2%, 4% and 6%) into the 3 raw earth samples reduced the mechanical resistance to compression and traction of the 3 raw earths. The experimental results of thermal tests on samples of earth mixtures with crushed Palma leaf fibers show a decrease in thermal conductivity as well as thermal effusivity as the percentages increase (2%, 4% and 6%) of fibers in raw earth for the 3 sites. This shows that this renewable composite material can help improve the thermal insulation of building envelopes.

Investigation of Refractory Bricks and Oxide Materials Heated in Hydrogen Reduction Conditions

This study aims to provide the basic knowledge for furnace refractory design by investigating refractory property changes occurred in a hydrogen atmosphere.Since refractory bricks are thermodynamically stable in a hydrogen atmosphere at 1100°C,we tried to find out the minute changes.In this experiment,a refractory brick was prepared by andalusite,mullite chamotte,and clay as raw materials and heated to 1100°C in a 100%hydrogen atmosphere for 72 h.It was found that the strength of the brick was decreased and the color was changed to black by the reduction of impurities.And in addition,this study covered research on the slaking risk of MgO raw materials because the minimum temperature is expected to 400°C in fluidized reduction furnaces unlike shaft furnaces.

Raw Materials of Chinese Traditional Handmade paper

Chinese traditional handmade papers,due to their numerous names,have been misunderstood by the public about raw materials for a long time.This manuscript aims to introduce the raw materials of traditional Chinese handmade paper in a botanical aspect in chronological order.Chinese handmade paper’s raw materials are divided into two groups,bast fiber and grass fiber.Bast fiber paper includes ramie-made rag paper,mulberry and paper mulberry paper,Thymelaeaceae paper,and vine paper.Stalk and grass fiber paper includes bamboo paper,grass paper,and stalk paper.

Effects of synthesis temperature and raw materials composition on preparation of β-Sialon based composites from fly ash

β-Sialon based composites were successfully prepared from fly ash and carbon black under nitrogen atmosphere by carbothermal reduction-nitridation process. Effects of heating temperature and raw materials composition on synthesis process were investigated, and the formation process of the composites was also discussed. The phase composition and microstructure of the composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electronic microscopy. The results show that increasing heating temperature or mass ratio of carbon black to fly ash can promote the formation of β-Sialon. The β-Sialon based composites can be synthesized at 1723 K for 6 h while heating the sample with mass ratio of carbon black to fly ash of 0.56. The as-received β-Sialon in the composites exists as granular with an average particle size of 2-3 μm. The preparation process of β-Sialon based composites includes the formation of O′-Sialon, X-Sialon and β-Sialon as well as the conversion processes of O′-Sialon and X-Sialon to β-Sialon.

Development and Application of Hydrocracking Catalysts RHC-1/RHC-5 for Maximizing High Quality Chemical Raw Materials Yield

To adapt to the change in the demand of the oil refining market,two hydrocracking catalysts,RHC-1 and RHC-5,were developed to improve the quality of tail oil.The catalysts were designed based on the theory of selective ring-opening.By selecting more acidic molecular sieves,the problem of poor selectivity of conventional materials can be solved to properly match up to the hydrogenation performance of catalysts.Compared with the performance of previous catalysts,the quality of the tail oil achieved by the said catalysts is better,and the BMCI is reduced by 1—2 units.In the long cycle operation of the petroleum industry,the good quality of the tail oil has been verified and the adaptability of the process conditions is good.When the RHC-1 catalyst is used to process heavy feed under medium pressure,a BMCI value of about12 can be obtained along with a nearly 60%yield of tail oil.The total yield of chemical raw material(steaming cracking feed+catalytic reforming feed)can exceed 80%,and the hydrogen consumption has dropped by nearly 50%as compared to the conventional hydrocracking conversion rate.When processing a mixed CGO and VGO feed with the full conversion mode under a hydrogen pressure of 13.0 MPa,the RHC-5 catalyst can yield about 68.4%of heavy naphtha with a potential aromatic content of up to 50.6,while the total yield of chemical raw materials can reach more than 98%.The results of industrial application of these catalysts show that more than 30%of high quality tail oil can be obtained via processing of inferior quality feed,and its BMCI value can reach 10.7.The total yield of chemical raw materials can reach more than65%.The industrial operation process has implemented two operating cycles totaling 8 years.

On "China-measures related to the exportation of various raw materials" case in terms of DSB's interpretations

The Appellate Body report in January 2012 had supported the decision of Panel in the"China-measures related to the exportation of various raw materials"case(WT/DS394,395,398)and affirmed that China's restrictions(such as tariffs and quota measures)on the exportation of raw materials violated rules put forth by the WTO,which were required to be modified.In this case China's right to invoke Article 20 of GATT1994("general exception")to justify its exemption from the guidelines in Article 11.3 of the WTO Accession Protocol was denied by the Panel and the Appellate Body.This was due to the fact that the phrasing in Article 11.3 of Protocol failed to mention"GATT."This was the consequence of the two interpretation approaches the Dispute Settlement Body(DSB)adopted-a narrow textual interpretation and a subjective presumption of"legislative silence."The inappropriate use of the two methods of interpretation lead to an imbalance between the right and obligation of China under the additional obligations that were imposed upon China by the WTO,which create a negative impact on China's rare earth case and the protection of domestic natural resources.

Development and Markets of China's Refractory Raw Materials

The distribution of refractory raw material resources , its throughput capacity, product varieties and quality as well as market situation in China were investigated.

A Study on the Radioactivity Level in Raw Materials, Final Products and Wastes of the Phosphate Fertilizer Industries in Bangladesh

A study on the detection of probable radionuclides and their activity concentrations in the raw material (phosphate rock), final product (fertilizer) and waste samples collected from all the phosphate fertilizer factories (total two factories—A Diammonium Phosphate, DAP and a Triple Super Phosphate, TSP factory) in Bangladesh were carried out. A total of seven types of samples (grossly divided into solid and liquid types);liquid waste, waste-mixed river water, normal river water, phosphate rock, phosphate fertilizer, solid waste and normal soil;were analyzed under this study. Raw material samples were collected only from the TSP fertilizer factory. Fertilizer, solid and liquid waste samples were collected from both the factories under study. Moreover, normal soil and natural surface water samples from the suitable areas adjacent to the factories were also collected for the comparison purpose. The samples were analyzed by gamma ray spectrometry technique using a Hyper-Pure Germanium (HPGe) detector of 40% relative efficiency. The analysis of the samples showed that only natural radionuclides such as 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were present in the samples and no traces of artificial radioactivity were found in any of the samples. 40K was found below the detection limit in some samples. The analysis of the samples in the case of TSP fertilizer factory showed that the average activity concentrations of 226Ra and 232Th and 40K in raw materials were 851.27 ± 7.10, 19.63 ± 6.57 and 54.06 ± 5.93 Bq/kg, respectively, in final product 211.90 ± 4.74, 42.48 ± 10.56 Bq/kg and ND (Not Detected), respectively, in solid waste 187.49 ± 4.88, 70.06 ± 11.76 and 289.27 ± 40.24 Bq/kg, respectively and in liquid waste 6.26 ± 0.63, 10.01 ± 1.39 Bq/L and ND, respectively. The measured results in the case of samples collected from DAP fertilizer factory showed that the average activity concentrations of 226Ra and 232Th and 40K in the final product were 17.31 ± 3.92, 69.74 ± 9.88 and 48.46 ± 17.22 Bq/kg, respectively, in solid waste 24.47 ± 4.15, 164.62 ± 11.08, 191.52 ± 33.74 Bq/kg, respectively and in liquid waste 3.59 ± 1.05, 37.08 ± 3.30 Bq/L and ND, respectively. Considering the stored raw materials and wastes the part of the ambient environment of the factory, radium equivalent activity, radiation hazard index and external annual effective dose to the workers and public due to these materials were also calculated and compared with world average values.

Studies on Fragrance Raw Materials of α-Terpineol Analogues

Thirty four α-substituted or α, α-disubstituted-( 1-methylcyclohexen-4-yl )methanols and α-substituted or α,α-disubstituted-(4-methylcyclohexyl) methanols weresynthesized. Thirty two of them are new compounds. 1H NMR and IR spectra of allthe compounds were determined, MS spectra of some of them were obtained as well.The characteristic odors were evaluated.Keywords Fragrance raw materials,α-Terpineol analogues, Synthesis, Structuredetermination

Assessing geological uncertainty of a cement raw material deposit,southern Vietnam,based on hierarchical simulation

Resource modeling plays a crucial role in raw material quality management for cement manufacturing.Research has shown that geological uncertainty in resource modeling is inevitable and results in risk to future extraction planning and operations of the cement plant.This study aims to assess the geological uncertainty and associated risk in modeling a cement raw material deposit in southern Vietnam.For this deposit,soil,clay,laterite,and limestone are the four primary rock types,controlling the occurrence and spatial distribution of chemical grades.In this study,hierarchical simulation method was used to evaluate the uncertainty.Rock types were first simulated,and the chemical grades conditioning to the rock types were then generated.The results demonstrated the capability of the hierarchical simulation approach to incorporate the uncertainty of rock types in resource modeling and to allow evaluating the risks in providing the desired raw material for the cement plant in the form of grade-tonnage curves.

Carboxyethylated Microfibrillated Cellulose Fibers Prepared from Different Raw Materials

Carboxyethylation pretreatment was used to prepare microfibrillated cellulose(MFC)in this study.In order to evaluate the adaptability of this pretreatment method,carboxyethylated MFC was prepared from six different cellulosic materials.The carboxyl content,degree of polymerization,water retention value,charge density,chemical structure,size distribution,and micromorphology of the materials before and after pretreatment and grinding were studied and compared.The viscosity,ultraviolet(UV)transmittance,and thermal stability of the MFC samples at a certain concentration were determined.The results showed that the carboxyl content,water retention value,charge density,degree of polymerization,size distribution,and micromorphology of the pretreated and ground samples varied with those of the raw materials.The initial viscosity varied based on the type of raw material used.The MFC suspension prepared from cotton linter pulp had the highest UV transmittance,while the MFC prepared from bleached softwood kraft pulp had the highest viscosity at a low shear rate.After thermal degradation,the amount of residual char from the MFC prepared with the thermo-mechanical pulp was slightly higher than that of the other MFCs.This study demonstrates that carboxyethylation is an effective pretreatment method for different cellulosic materials.

Optimal Selection of Raw Material Forest Species for Edible Fungi in Guizhou Province

A comprehensive evaluation system,which focused on optimal selection of raw material forest species for edible fungi,was established by combination of Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)and Experts Grading Method(EGM).The evaluation system had 4 indices of grade I and 12 indices of grade II.Among the 12 indices of grade II,the weighted values of production quality of edible fungi P2(0.2874),usable time P7(0.1873),annual average increment P8(0.1873),edible fungi production suitability P1(0.0958)were larger than the values of others.Based on the comprehensive evaluation system,this study analyzed and screened 47 broadleaf species of 40 genera of 25 families.There were 16 broadleaf species having the comprehensive evaluation scores of equal to or greater than2.4000,which were available as major tree species for edible fungi development of Guizhou Province,especially species such as Liriodendron chinense,Quercus acutissima,Alnus cremastogyne,Betula luminfera,Elaeocarpus duclouxii,Elaeocarpus sylvestris,Choerospondias axillaris.The 10 broadleaf tree species with comprehensive evaluation score of 2.1000≤Y 2.4000 were recommended as candidates for edible fungi production,while the 21 broadleaf species with the comprehensive evaluation score of less than 2.1000 were not recommended.

Evaluation of the Phosphate Raw Materials Potential of Amur Region

The Amur region,far east of Russia,is well endowed with phosphate in the forms of phosphorite, apatite,and vivianite.The 500-km2 Selitkansky phosphorite district has a proven reserve of ca.14.7 million tons（Mt） of P2O5.The Minsky phosphorite district contains ca.100 Mt phosphor ores at 6%P2O5.

A novel chemical composition estimation model for cement raw material blending process

Raw material blending process is an essential part of the cement production process. The main purpose of the process is to guarantee a certain oxide composition for the raw meal at the outlet of the mill by regulating the four raw materials. But the chemical compositions of raw materials vary from time to time, resulting in difficulties to control the oxide compositions to a predefined value. Therefore, a novel algorithm to estimate the chemical compositions of the raw materials is developed. The paper mainly consists of two parts. In model construction part, a novel constrained least square model is proposed to overcome the deviation introduced by long-term drift of the material components, and the model parameters are estimated with an online strategy. And in validation part, the approach is implemented to two examples including datasets from simulation model and the actual industrial process. The final results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Influence of Characteristics of Alumina-silicate Raw Materials on the Formation Process of Clinker

The traditional alumina-silicate raw materials, for example, clays, in the precalcining technique of cement production, have been replaced by low grade and high silica content sandstones, shales, and industrial waste residues, including fly ashes, slag, and others. The results are the change of compositions and characteristics of raw materials applied and a great effect on cement calcination process and clinker formation. In this work, the cement clinker formation process of different alumina-silicate raw materials to replace clay raw material was studied by chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, and high temperature microscope based on the characteristics of the alumina-silicate raw materials. The formation heat of the clinker was determined by the acid dissolution method. Influence of different alumina-silicate raw materials on the clinker burnability and formation process was studied. The results show that the changing of alumina- silicate raw materials, especially using industrial waste residues, can reduce the formation temperature of high temperature liquid phases, improve the burnability of raw materials, reduce the formation temperature and formation heat of clinker. And this study also observed the formation temperature and transformation of high temperature liquid phases in the heating process of raw materials by high temperature microscope.

Impact of Alternative Raw Materials on the Profitability of a Large-Scale Bio-Coal Pellet Plant in Finland

The aim of this paper was to compare the annual economic impact of a large-scale bio-coal pellet plant by raw material specifically for the Finnish Lakeland region. In this study, the total production volume of the theoretical plant was 200,000 tons per year and the raw wood materials used were birch pulpwood, spruce pulpwood, pine pulpwood, and energy wood. These wood materials were young delimbed wood from early thinnings. The main goal of the paper was to illustrate that the energy content differences of raw wood materials affect the economic profitability of a bio-coal pellet plant at regional level. In this case, wood type also has a regional economic impact, which the pellet plant can influence through its raw wood material choices. The raw material comparison was based on measured data and not computational or literary data alone. The study found that lower solid wood energy densities caused higher relative costs for the total supply chain. A parallel phenomenon occurred with the required gross margin of the pellets, where lower energy content caused higher required gross margin for pellet sales. The gross margin was also sensitivity analyzed at different discount rates from 5% to 20%. At each required discount rate, the highest annual economic impact on the region was found for birch pellets, with values of 36.95 - 42.66 million €. Spruce pellets had the smallest annual economic impact, although it had the highest final pellet price in the same cases. The different economic effects were caused by the energy volumes sold.

Studies on Silicon-Containing Fragrance Raw Materials( Ⅱ )——Syntheses and Odors of 4-Trimethylsilylcyclohex-3-enol and 4-Trimethylsilylcyclohexanol Derivatives

1-Substituted- 4-trimethylsilylcyclohex- 3-enol and 1-substituted- 4-trimetnylsilyl-cyclohexanol, 4-trimethylsilylcyclohex-3-enol and 4-trimethylsilylcyclohexanol, and some of their esters and carbon counterparts were synthesized. Structures of the nineteen new compounds were determined by 1H NMR, IR and MS. Their odors are evaluated.

Countermeasures for dealing with the change of blast furnace raw materials

Following the dramatic increase of iron and steel output ,iron ore is increasingly in short supply ,and the quality of blast furnace （BF） raw materials is increasingly inferior. All these factors have a strong impact on the BF operation. According to the analysis of the raw material properties at Baosteel and the combination of the BF smelting mechanism and its operational practice, this study probes into the operational countermeasures for dealing with the change of raw materials and puts forward optimized BF control technology to ensure the operation of BFs is stable and smooth.