Kinetic-Thermodynamic Promotion Engineering toward High-Density Hierarchical and Zn-Doping Activity-Enhancing ZnNiO@CF for High-Capacity Desalination

Despite the promising potential of transition metal oxides(TMOs)as capacitive deionization(CDI)electrodes,the actual capacity of TMOs electrodes for sodium storage is significantly lower than the theoretical capacity,posing a major obstacle.Herein,we prepared the kinetically favorable Zn_(x)Ni_(1−x)O electrode in situ growth on carbon felt(Zn_(x)Ni_(1−x)O@CF)through constraining the rate of OH^(−)generation in the hydrothermal method.Zn_(x)Ni_(1−x)O@CF exhibited a high-density hierarchical nanosheet structure with three-dimensional open pores,benefitting the ion transport/electron transfer.And tuning the moderate amount of redox-inert Zn-doping can enhance surface electroactive sites,actual activity of redox-active Ni species,and lower adsorption energy,promoting the adsorption kinetic and thermodynamic of the Zn_(0.2)Ni_(0.8)O@CF.Benefitting from the kinetic-thermodynamic facilitation mechanism,Zn_(0.2)Ni_(0.8)O@CF achieved ultrahigh desalination capacity(128.9 mgNaCl g^(-1)),ultra-low energy consumption(0.164 kW h kgNaCl^(-1)),high salt removal rate(1.21 mgNaCl g^(-1) min^(-1)),and good cyclability.The thermodynamic facilitation and Na^(+)intercalation mechanism of Zn_(0.2)Ni_(0.8)O@CF are identified by the density functional theory calculations and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring,respectively.This research provides new insights into controlling electrochemically favorable morphology and demonstrates that Zn-doping,which is redox-inert,is essential for enhancing the electrochemical performance of CDI electrodes.

Serum cystatin C,monocyte/high-density lipoprotein-C ratio,and uric acid for the diagnosis of coronary heart disease and heart failure

BACKGROUND Coronary heart disease(CHD)and heart failure(HF)are the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide.Early and accurate diagnoses of CHD and HF are essential for optimal management and prognosis.However,conventional diagnostic methods such as electrocardiography,echocardiography,and cardiac biomarkers have certain limitations,such as low sensitivity,specificity,availability,and cost-effectiveness.Therefore,there is a need for simple,noninvasive,and reliable biomarkers to diagnose CHD and HF.AIM To investigate serum cystatin C(Cys-C),monocyte/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio(MHR),and uric acid(UA)diagnostic values for CHD and HF.METHODS We enrolled 80 patients with suspected CHD or HF who were admitted to our hospital between July 2022 and July 2023.The patients were divided into CHD(n=20),HF(n=20),CHD+HF(n=20),and control groups(n=20).The serum levels of Cys-C,MHR,and UA were measured using immunonephelometry and an enzymatic method,respectively,and the diagnostic values for CHD and HF were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis.RESULTS Serum levels of Cys-C,MHR,and UA were significantly higher in the CHD,HF,and CHD+HF groups than those in the control group.The serum levels of Cys-C,MHR,and UA were significantly higher in the CHD+HF group than those in the CHD or HF group.The ROC curve analysis showed that serum Cys-C,MHR,and UA had good diagnostic performance for CHD and HF,with areas under the curve ranging from 0.78 to 0.93.The optimal cutoff values of serum Cys-C,MHR,and UA for diagnosing CHD,HF,and CHD+HF were 1.2 mg/L,0.9×10^(9),and 389μmol/L;1.4 mg/L,1.0×10^(9),and 449μmol/L;and 1.6 mg/L,1.1×10^(9),and 508μmol/L,respectively.CONCLUSION Serum Cys-C,MHR,and UA are useful biomarkers for diagnosing CHD and HF,and CHD+HF.These can provide information for decision-making and risk stratification in patients with CHD and HF.

Viability of high-density resistivity method for evaluating mountain slope stability in Erdaojiang District,Tonghua City,China

The authors employ the high-density resistivity method to image the subsurface structure of a mountain in Erdaojiang District,Tonghua City,Jilin Province,China,to evaluate the potential risk of slope failure on surrounding residential areas and infrastructure,and identify a shallow fault that extends across the center of the mountain and is perpendicular to the mountain slope and accurately locate the spatial position and depth of another fault on the southern side of the mountain.The results provide an important basis for evaluating mountain slope stability.This study also demonstrates that the high-density resistivity method is effective for detecting mountain faults.

Application of high-density resistivity method to evaluate safety around Minyan Tunnel,Helong City

By determining the distribution and extent of geological structures surrounding the Mingyan Tunnel,Xicheng Town,Helong City,Jilin Province,we can evaluate the stability of the rock mass and assess potential hazards during tunnel construction.We use the high-density resistivity method to analyze the subsurface structure of the study area.Conductive anomalies are likely to represent joint and fissure systems within strongly weathered host rocks,and the bedrock surrounding the tunnel is relatively stable and does not contain well-developed faults.High-density resistivity analysis can provide valuable information in the context of tunnel engineering and safety.

Tandem hydroalkylation and deoxygenation of lignin-derived phenolics to synthesize high-density fuels

Lignin is the most abundant naturally phenolic biomass,and the synthesis of high-performance renewable fuel from lignin has attracted significant attention.We propose the efficient synthesis of high-density fuels using simulated lignin cracked oil in tandem with hydroalkylation and deoxygenation reactions.First,we investigated the reaction pathway for the hydroalkylation of phenol,which competes with the hydrodeoxygenation form cyclohexane.And then,we investigated the effects of metal catalyst types,the loading amount of metallic,acid dosage,and reactant ratio on the reaction results.The phenol hydroalkylation and hydrodeoxygenation were balanced when 180℃ and 5 MPa H_(2)with the alkanes yield of 95%.By extending the substrate to other lignin-derived phenolics and simulated lignin cracked oil,we obtained the polycyclic alkane fuel with high density of 0.918 g·ml^(-1)and calorific value of41.2 MJ·L^(-1).Besides,the fuel has good low-temperature properties(viscosity of 9.3 mm^(2)·s^(-1)at 20℃ and freezing point below-55℃),which is expected to be used as jet fuel.This work provides a promising way for the easy and green production of high-density fuel directly from real lignin oil.

Monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio as a predictor of the activity of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

AIM:To evaluate the relationship between monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio(MHR)and the disease activity of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO).METHODS:A total of 87 patients were classified into two groups based on clinical activity score(CAS)scoring criteria:high CAS group(n=62,the CAS score was≥3);low CAS group(n=25,the CAS score was<3).In addition,a group of healthy people(n=114)were included to compared the MHR.Proptosis,MHR,average signal intensity ratio(SIR),average lacrimal gland(LG)-SIR,average extraocular muscles(EOM)area from 87 patients with TAO were calculated in magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),and compared between these two groups.Correlation testing was utilized to evaluate the association of parameters among the clinical variables.RESULTS:Patients in high CAS group had a higher proptosis(P=0.041)and MHR(P=0.048).Compared to the healthy group,the MHR in the TAO group was higher(P=0.001).Correlation testing declared that CAS score was strongly associated with proptosis and average SIR,and MHR was positively associated with CAS score,average SIR,and average LG-SIR.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)of MHR was 0.6755.CONCLUSION:MHR,a novel inflammatory biomarker,has a significant association with CAS score and MRI imaging(average SIR and LG-SIR)and it can be a new promising predictor during the active phase of TAO.

A model for fast electron-driven high-density plasma in the double-cone ignition scheme

A model for fast electron-driven high-density plasma is proposed to describe the effect of injected fast electrons on the temperature and inner pressure of the plasma in the fast heating process of the double-cone ignition(DCI)scheme.Due to the collision of the two low-density plasmas,the density and volume of the high-density plasma vary.Therefore,the ignition temperature and energy requirement of the high-density plasma vary at different moments,and the required energy for hot electrons to heat the plasma also changes.In practical experiments,the energy input of hot electrons needs to be considered.To reduce the energy input of hot electrons,the optimal moment and the shortest time for injecting hot electrons with minimum energy are analyzed.In this paper,it is proposed to inject hot electrons for a short time to heat the high-density plasma to a relatively high temperature.Then,the alpha particles with the high heating rate and PdV work heat the plasma to the ignition temperature,further reducing the energy required to inject hot electrons.The study of the injection time of fast electrons can reduce the energy requirement of fast electrons for the high-density plasma and increase the probability of successful ignition of the high-density plasma.

Low Stress TSV Arrays for High-Density Interconnection

In three-dimensional(3D)stacking,the thermal stress of through-silicon via(TSV)has a significant influence on chip performance and reliability,and this problem is exacerbated in high-density TSV arrays.In this study,a novel hollow tungsten TSV(W-TSV)is presented and developed.The hollow structure provides space for the release of thermal stress.Simulation results showed that the hollow W-TSV structure can release 60.3%of thermal stress within the top 2 lm from the surface,and thermal stress can be decreased to less than 20 MPa in the radial area of 3 lm.The ultra-high-density(1600 TSV∙mm2)TSV array with a size of 640×512,a pitch of 25 lm,and an aspect ratio of 20.3 was fabricated,and the test results demonstrated that the proposed TSV has excellent electrical and reliability performances.The average resistance of the TSV was 1.21 X.The leakage current was 643 pA and the breakdown voltage was greater than 100 V.The resistance change is less than 2%after 100 temperature cycles from40 to 125℃.Raman spectroscopy showed that the maximum stress on the wafer surface caused by the hollow W-TSV was 31.02 MPa,which means that there was no keep-out zone(KOZ)caused by the TSV array.These results indicate that this structure has great potential for applications in large-array photodetectors and 3D integrated circuits.

Accurate detection method of high-density polyethylene fi lm leakage location based on secondary electric potential difference

High-density polyethylene(HDPE)film leakage location detection is frequently accomplished using the double-electrode technique.The electric potential and potential difference are the main physical parameters in the double-electrode approach.Due to the impact of the complex geoelectric environment,the electric potential and the electric potential difference are not sensitive enough to respond to minimal leakage.The tiny leaking area cannot be precisely located using the electric potential and electric potential difference.Using the COMSOL Multiphysics software,this study created a standard geoelectric model of the double-electrode method.We calculated a new parameter—the G parameter through secondary electric potential difference—based on the response characteristics of the electric potential and the electric potential difference while the HDPEfilm is leaking.The experiment demonstrates that the G parameter is more sensitive than the electric potential and electric potential difference for detecting the leaking area of HDPE film.The G parameter is more effective at detecting leakage than the electric potential and electric potential difference.The results of this study can be used to locate HDPEfilm leakage areas in a landfill.

Predictive value of intracranial high-density areas in neurological function

BACKGROUND Intracranial high-density areas(HDAs)have attracted considerable attention for predicting clinical outcomes;however,whether HDAs predict worse neurological function and mental health remains controversial and unclear,which requires further investigation.In this prospective study,96 patients with acute ischemic stroke(AIS)who accepted endovascular mechanical thrombectomy(EMT)were included.The enrolled patients underwent cranial computed tomography(CT)examination within 24 hours after EMT.Clinical data in terms of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS),the 3-month modified Rankin Scale(mRS),self-rating depression scale(SDS),and self-rating anxiety scale(SAS)scores were collected and compared between patients with HDAs and non-HDAs and between patients with good and poor clinical prognosis.Compared to patients without HDAs,patients with HDAs presented severe neurological deficits(admission NIHSS score:18±3 vs 19±4),were more likely to have post-stroke disabilities(mRS<3:35%vs 62%),and suffered more severe depression(SDS score:58±16 vs 64±13)and anxiety disorder(SAS score:52±8 vs 59±10).Compared to patients with a good prognosis,patients with a poor prognosis presented severe neurological deficits(admission NIHSS score:17±4 vs 20±3),were more likely to have HDAs on CT images(64%vs 33%),and suffered more severe depression(SDS score:55±19 vs 65±11)and anxiety(SAS score:50±8 vs 58±12).Multivariate analysis revealed that HDAs were independent nega-tive prognostic factors.CONCLUSION In conclusion,HDAs on CT images predicted poor prognosis and severe depressive and anxiety symptoms in patients with AIS who underwent EMT.

Influence of High-Density Bedding Plane Characteristics on Hydraulic Fracture Propagation in Shale Oil Reservoir

The existence of high-density bedding planes is a typical characteristic of shale oil reservoirs.Understanding the behavior of hydraulic fracturing in high-density laminated rocks is significant for promoting shale oil production.In this study,a hydraulic fracturing model considering tensile failure and frictional slip of the bedding planes is established within the framework of the unified pipe-interface element method(UP-IEM).The model developed for simulating the interaction between the hydraulic fracture and the bedding plane is validated by comparison with experimental results.The hydraulic fracturing patterns in sealed and unsealed bedding planes are compared.Additionally,the effects of differential stress,bedding plane permeability,spacing,and the friction coefficient of the bedding plane are investigated.The results showed that a single main fracture crossing the bedding planes is more likely to form in sealed bedding planes under high differential stress.The decrease in bedding plane permeability and the increase in the friction coefficient also promote the fracture propagating perpendicular to the bedding planes.Shale with high-density bedding planes has a poorer fracturing effect than that with low-density bedding planes,as the hydraulic fracture is prone to initiate and propagate along the bedding planes.Moreover,higher injection pressure is needed to maintain fracture propagation along the bedding.An increase in bedding density will lead to a smaller fracturing area.Fracturing fluid seepage into the bedding planes slows shale fracturing.It is recommended that increasing the injection flow rate,selecting alternative fracturing fluids,and employing multi-well/multi-cluster fracturing may be efficient methods to improve energy production in shale oil reservoirs.

Research and Application of High-Density Resistivity Method in Seawater Intrusion Investigation in Laizhou Bay

The disaster of seawater intrusion seriously affects people's lives and restricts economic development,so the detection and treatment of seawater intrusion is a long-term task.On the basis of field investigation and water quality analysis,according to the change characteristics of apparent resistivity of groundwater after Cl-reaches 250 mg/L,the theoretical basis for the application of high-density resistivity method was determined,and the characteristic values of apparent resistivity for seawater intrusion interfaces in different geological characteristic regions in Laizhou Bay area were determined by typical profile tests.Combined with water quality investigation and other means,profiles for the high-density resistivity method were arranged,and the interfaces between saline and fresh water were accurately divided.

Application effect of high-density electrical method on detecting artificial filling layer: A case study of Chengjiangshan area of Huaibei City

High-density electrical method has been proved to be an effective method for probing shallow sedimentary layers.It is principally used to identify the boundary between the Quaternary soil layer and bedrock according to the vertical change of apparent resistivity.However,the artificial filling layer has the characteristics of heterogeneity and high porosity,which makes it challenging to detect the artificial filling layer by high-density electrical method.The key to solve this problem is to detect the difference of conductivity between the filling layer and the underlying bedrock.This paper takes the land in Chengjiangshan area of Huaibei City,Anhui Province as the detection target.On the basis of fully analyzing the physical properties of the artificial filling layer,two-dimensional high-density electrical survey and inversion are used to define the thickness of the artificial filling layer.The research shows that the highdensity resistivity method has obvious advantages in delineating the distribution of bedrock and the thickness of the filling layer,and the reliability of the high-density electrical method in the detection of the artificial filling layer,and delineates the scope of the filling layer is verified by the borehole data.

Correlation of Helicobacter pylori infection with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and pulse wave conduction velocity

Background:Helicobacter pylori(HP)is associated with several gastrointestinal diseases,including peptic ulcer diseases and gastric cancer,and non-gastrointestinal diseases such as hypertension and Alzheimer's disease.However,the relationship between HP and lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis remains unclear.This study aims to investigate the association between H.pylori infection and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and pulse wave conduction velocity.Methods:This is a report of a cross-sectional study that collected data from 2,827 participants.The data collected included results of life questionnaires,laboratory tests,13C-urea breath test(13C-UBT),and pulse wave conduction velocity test.Based on the results of the 13C-UBT test,the subjects were divided into two groups:the HP-uninfected group(HP−)and the HP-infected group(HP+).The study compared the differences in HDL-C levels and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(baPWV)between the two groups.One-way regression analysis was used to identify potential factors affecting HDL-C levels in the study population.Multiple regression equations were presented to analyze whether HP infection was an independent risk factor for abnormal HDL-C metabolism in the population.Results:Univariate analysis demonstrated that high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)levels were significantly lower in the HP+group compared to the HP−group,with a mean difference ofβ=−18.1 mg/dl(95%CI:−19.3 to−17.0,P<0.001).After adjusting for all variables,the HDL-C levels remained lower in the HP+group compared to the HP-group,with a mean difference ofβ=−17.4 mg/dl(95%CI:−18.2 to−16.7,P<0.001).These findings suggest that H.pylori infection is independently associated with abnormal HDL-C metabolism.Additionally,brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(baPWV)was higher in the HP+group than in the HP−group on both sides.On the right side,the baPWV was 1,713.4±231.4 cm/s in the HP+group compared to 1,542.8±237.5 cm/s in the HP−group(t=−18.30,P<0.001).On the left side,the baPWV was 1,743.7±238.8 cm/s in the HP+group compared to 1,562.8±256.3 cm/s in the HP−group(t=−18.23,P<0.001).These results indicate a significant association between H.pylori infection and increased arterial stiffness,as measured by baPWV.Conclusion:Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with a decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and an increase in pulse wave conduction velocity.

Application of high-density resistivity method for assessing construction safety of Shimodong tunnel in Helong City of Jilin Province

Some unfavorable geological conditions can affect the construction of tunnels.In order to evaluate the damage degree of tunnel construction and determine the surrounding rock grade and stability of the tunnel,the authors used high-density resistivity method to detect the surrounding rocks of Shimodong tunnel in Xicheng Town of Helong City.The underground resistivity structures of the entrance,exit and middle parts of the tunnel are obtained.Through analysis,it is found that there are no bedrock faults near the tunnel,although some joints and fissures are developed in some locations,which are characterized by low-resistivity anomalies.The tunnel structures are stable overall,favorable for safe and efficient construction.The study also proves the good application effect of the high-density resistivity method in tunnel safety detection.

Application of high-density resistivity method in archaeological investigation of Sumicheng ancient city site

The authors employ the high-density resistivity method during an archaeological investigation of Sumicheng site,an ancient city of the Tang Dynasty,to find evidence of human activities and locate a favorable target for archaeological excavation in the southern part of the outer city.There are two obvious high-resistivity structures,the south wall of the inner city and an ancient building near the south gate along the outer city wall,of which the resistivities are indicative of rammed soil foundations.The south wall of the inner city is continuous but is cut off abruptly to the east,which we suggest it is due to either wall damage or destruction.The resistivity signature of the target area is verified by archaeological excavation,proving the feasibility and effectiveness of implementing the high-density resistivity method for archaeological exploration.

Insight Into the Separation-of-Variable Methods for the Closed-Form Solutions of Free Vibration of Rectangular Thin Plates

The separation-of-variable(SOV)methods,such as the improved SOV method,the variational SOV method,and the extended SOV method,have been proposed by the present authors and coworkers to obtain the closed-form analytical solutions for free vibration and eigenbuckling of rectangular plates and circular cylindrical shells.By taking the free vibration of rectangular thin plates as an example,this work presents the theoretical framework of the SOV methods in an instructive way,and the bisection–based solution procedures for a group of nonlinear eigenvalue equations.Besides,the explicit equations of nodal lines of the SOV methods are presented,and the relations of nodal line patterns and frequency orders are investigated.It is concluded that the highly accurate SOV methods have the same accuracy for all frequencies,the mode shapes about repeated frequencies can also be precisely captured,and the SOV methods do not have the problem of missing roots as well.

A New Selective Neural Network Ensemble Method Based on Error Vectorization and Its Application in High-density Polyethylene (HDPE) Cascade Reaction Process

Chemical processes are complex, for which traditional neural network models usually can not lead to satisfactory accuracy. Selective neural network ensemble is an effective way to enhance the generalization accuracy of networks, but there are some problems, e.g., lacking of unified definition of diversity among component neural networks and difficult to improve the accuracy by selecting if the diversities of available networks are small. In this study, the output errors of networks are vectorized, the diversity of networks is defined based on the error vectors, and the size of ensemble is analyzed. Then an error vectorization based selective neural network ensemble (EVSNE) is proposed, in which the error vector of each network can offset that of the other networks by training the component networks orderly. Thus the component networks have large diversity. Experiments and comparisons over standard data sets and actual chemical process data set for production of high-density polyethylene demonstrate that EVSNE performs better in generalization ability.

Minimizing crosstalk for high-speed and high-density bus systems using the sample-decision method

This paper presents a method based on a sample-decision(SD) circuit to suppress crosstalk and noise for a high-speed and high-density bus system.A method to count the number of times of SD for different length of transmission lines is presented and a bit error rates(BERs) formula is given by the SD circuit.It is shown that for long transmission line systems,multiple SD circuits can improve the BERs significantly.Circuits simulation for single SD method is also done,it is found that when the amplitude peak values of the superposed crosstalk and noise are less than half of the corresponding signal ones,they will be eliminated completely for the cases investigated.

False anomaly recognition with horizontal differential field lines method in high-density electrical technique and its application in Xinlei Quarry,Jiuquan

As an important geophysical tool,high density electrical technique infers the underground geological structures by processing and inverting the apparent resistivity data.Currently,the false anomalies have been frequently occurred in the graph of apparent resistivity pseudo-section or inverted geoelectrical section obtained from high-density electrical technique,and are difficult to remove.In this study,the authors explain the mechanism of the false anomalies and put forward the horizontal differential field method to identify the false anomalies.Based on the analysis of modeling results,this method is applied in the surveying data in Xinlei Quarry of Jiuquan,and the results confirm the effectiveness of the horizontal differential field method.